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Abstract

Summary

CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) was very promising technology in new era of carbon neutrality. A brief review on CO2 EOR in the USA and China has shown that CO2 EOR has both pros and cons. The frustrating fact was that even CO2 EOR has been economically and technically successful for decades, the oil production from CO2 EOR only represents less than 5% of total oil in the USA in 2020, although there are 140 commercial field projects. It is more frustrating to say that CO2 flooding has very limited field tests in other countries. 66 CO2 EOR field projects were conducted in China. Even so, the oil production from CO2 EOR in China was insignificant because the projects were not cost-competitive. The main cause was the high cost of CO2 flooding and low CO2 oil recovery. Theoretically, miscible CO2 flooding can get an oil recovery of more than 90%. However, even with the help of water alternating CO2 (WAG), the actual average of CO2 EOR projects (most were miscible) were only 17% OOIP. This was mainly due to the low viscosity of CO2 which significantly affects the reservoir sweep efficiency. Several ways, such as using CO2 viscosity thickeners to improve the mobility ratio, and foaming flooding, were used to improve sweep efficiency. The EOR performance can still be improved. Based on the improved understanding of polymer flooding mechanisms, a novel polymer alternating CO2(PAG) was proposed. The novelty lied in the fact that polymer flooding was not widely used in low permeability reservoirs where CO2 flooding was mainly applied. Recent studies indicated that polymer flooding can be injected into low permeability formations. We thus used numerical simulation to see the oil recovery performance of PAG with low viscosity polymer. By building conceptual model, we find that PAG can improve oil recovery due to enlarged sweep efficiency. PAG works better than WAG. However, recovery of PAG did not outweigh that of polymer flooding or polymer injection followed by water injection. The simple simulation indicated the importance of viscosity of displacing phase in CO2 flooding or CO2 alternating gas injection.

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2023-10-02
2024-10-11

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Polymer Alternating CO2 (PAG) Flooding: a Novel and Optimized Way to Get Maximum Oil Recovery
Conference Proceedings 2023, 1 (2023); https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202331028
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202331028
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