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Abstract

Summary

Coupling captured carbon dioxide (CO2) with produced water (PW) from the reservoir, known as carbonated produced water (CPW), can be used as an injection fluid for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) purposes. CPW injection offers the benefit of CO2 storage, improved water management, and improved oil recovery due to more efficient oil displacement. The scope of this study was to investigate the potential of CPW for EOR in sandstone formations composed of low-reactive minerals, thus showing limited potential for implementing low salinity (LS) Smart Water EOR.

High permeable sandstone outcrop cores (Bentheimer), primarily composed of quartz, were used in this study to investigate oil recovery efficiency with CPW and PW. The experimental study involved tests to evaluate the reactivity of the pore surface minerals, spontaneous imbibition (SI) tests on very water-wet cores restored with mineral oil, followed by oil recovery tests performed on mixed-wet cores restored with crude oil containing polar organic components (POC). The initial screening phase aimed to evaluate the potential of the rock-brine system for ionic exchange using pH measurements. SI tests examined the capillary forces in a water-wet porous medium using non-polar mineral oil (Heptane, C7). Following the initial screening, the cores were restored with crude oil, aged, and underwent oil recovery core flooding tests using PW and CPW as injected brines.

Preliminary screening results confirmed the low reactivity of the studied rock material, as it showed minimal pH response when going from FW to LS injection in a 100% water-saturated core. Furthermore, SI tests confirmed the presence of active capillary forces and a rapid mineral oil recovery with ultimate values reaching ∼40% oil originally in place (OOIP) during the first hour of imbibition.

Subsequent oil recovery tests by viscous flooding showed that the most recovered crude oil was achieved using CPW as injection brine in secondary mode. The results indicated that CPW injection could be an EOR alternative in sandstones; however, additional work should be performed in sandstones containing clay minerals.

© EAGE Publications BV
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/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202331076
2023-10-02
2024-10-11

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/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202331076
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The Effect of Carbonated Produced Water for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Sandstones
Conference Proceedings 2023, 1 (2023); https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202331076
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202331076
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202331076
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