oa Hydrochemical Determination of the Teteriv River and the Kamianka River Eutrophication Potential

River ecosystems are heavily influenced by a number of natural and anthropogenic factors that are changing rapidly. The channel regime and general condition of medium and small rivers are now less dependent on natural factors and more on economic activities in the catchment area, which flow through urbanized areas. Urbanization processes can lead to increased river eutrophication. Urbanization can lead to changes in river flow due to water

extraction, channelization, or the creation of barriers like dams and weirs. Altered flow can impact sediment and nutrient distribution and transport. Urbanized areas have a higher percentage of impervious surfaces (e.g., roads, buildings, and pavements) compared to natural landscapes. This can result in faster and greater volumes of surface runoff after rainfall. This runoff can carry a variety of pollutants into rivers, including nutrients that drive eutrophication. Even with modern wastewater treatment, urban sewage systems can sometimes release

nutrient-rich water, especially during overflow events. Moreover, in some developing areas, wastewater treatment might be insufficient or nonexistent, leading to the direct discharge of phosphates, nitrates, and organic matter into rivers. Eutrophication effects, like murky water, reduced fish populations, and unpleasant odors, can degrade the recreational value of rivers and lakes, leading to potential economic losses.

The aim of the investigation was to determine the eutrophication potential of the Teteriv and Kamianka rivers based on hydrochemical monitoring indicators.

Determining the eutrophication potential of small rivers can help raise community awareness about the environmental impacts of their lifestyle choices, including the use of fertilizers, detergents, and waste disposal practices.