Detection of Underground Utilities for Smart City Development Using Non-Destructive Ground Penetrating Radar Technology

The study highlights the role of non-invasive geophysical survey prior to the digging in smart cities. Without having information about the subsurface, excavation process will be risky and not economical. For the smart city development subsurface structures and utilities should be scanned, which will avoid damaged to the existing underground utilities. The GPR survey was conducted in old Lucknow city, where the information about the underground utilities and its connectivity was not available. The area was scanned in search of underground utilities. Four different utilities were detected at several depths, and it was identified as a sewer line and water pipeline.