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Abstract

Summary

Underground hydrogen storage is a highly promising solution for effective utilization of renewable energy resources. By providing the capacity to store surplus energy and balance seasonal supply-demand fluctuations, hydrogen storage is one of the key technologies in achieving a low-carbon energy society. However, the loss of hydrogen from a geologic storage reservoir poses a potential challenge, whether through the caprock, discrete faults or fractures, or through leaky wells.

Faults can act as major structural traps or connect pathways to shallower geological layers, and it is important to understand how hydrogen can migrate through these. Faults are complex geological structures with heterogeneous properties that are challenging to characterize using data acquisition. Petrophysical properties are often derived indirectly, relying on estimations based on other properties. To accurately model and simulate flow through a fault can be both challenging and computationally costly.

We study hydrogen injection into a part of the openly available dataset (co2datashare.org) representing the Smeaheia formation in the North Sea, connected to an overlying aquifer through flow in the Vette fault zone. Efficient computational approaches are used to quantify hydrogen leakage through faults in underground hydrogen storage. A dedicated hydrogen-brine module is implemented in the OPM flow reservoir simulator. Through this module, we perform a comprehensive numerical analysis that examines three crucial aspects: evaluating the influence of upscaled flow functions within a fault, examining the applicability of simplified grid models for a fault located between aquifers, and quantifying leakage of hydrogen through a fault under cyclic injection/production schedule.

This aims to show variation in fault flow, depending on modeling choices such as resolution and flow functions. Additionally, it is evident that utilizing simplified grid models for faults situated between aquifers provides valuable information and highlights that modeling choices are crucial to capture the complete behavior of two-phase flow through faults.

© EAGE Publications BV
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2024-09-02
2026-03-12

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Efficient Computational Approaches to Quantify Hydrogen Leakage through Faults in Underground Hydrogen Storage
Conference Proceedings 2024, 1 (2024); https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202437059
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202437059
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