Carbon Capture Geological Storage

Negative emission technology carbon capture and geological storage CCS, Minerals carbonation CO2 injection in basalt Rock, Orange Hydrogen reactive formation subsurface lithosphere carbon capture and utilisation ,Biomefhanation Biogeoscience Carbon capture geological storage- Hydrogen underground geological storage methane gas formation emissions, carbon capture utilisation and storage, CCUS, etc Prohibition to avoid geohazards- CCS Continetal shelf, vertical water column seabed stratification, gashydrate continental slope instability geohazards, etc. carbon storage in depleted oil and gas reservoir, saline aquifer, seabed Geological CCS ,gashydrate CCS technology, CCS onshore & offshore, abandoned coal mine, underground coal gasification coal mine ,etc. Residual trapping mechanism geological carbon storage, intermittent geological carbon storage, CO2 storage in geological reservoirs ; CO2 plume location ; 2D ,3D and 4D seismic reflection surveys, 4D Seismic datasets (time lapse 3D seismic) for Seismic subsurface imaging of hydrocarbon reservoirs ,CO2 injection velocity pushdown effect, tuning effect, electrohydrodynamic effect on Seismic reflections, etc. New technology CCS geological hydrocarbon reservoir surveillance 4D Seismic time lapse 3D, Spot seismic focused seismic reflected seismic energy stacking over seismic trace and time. Carbonate reservoir carbon capture storage and utilization hydrogen production, hydrogen subsurface geological storage projects,etc. The trapping of CO2 by capillary forces in the pore space of rocks is a key process for maximising capacity and ensuring the integrity of CO2 sequestration at industrial scales. When CO2 is injected into a deep subsurface geologic formation it will displace the resident fluid, generally brine and in some cases hydrocarbons, and migrate in response to buoyancy and pressure gradients. As the reservoir brine imbibes back into the pore space pursuant to the migrating CO2 plume, small isolated blobs of CO2 will be trapped by capillary forces: this is known as capillary or residual trapping. The isolated blobs are of the size scale of the pores of the rocks, tens to hundreds of micrometers, and the process is controlled by fluid dynamics and mechanics and interfacial forces at the micron scale. The technique-distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) with optical fibers, fiber-optic cables (smartcables.org) photonics seismology as sensors. Fiber optics hydrogen detection, DAS, DTS, DSS, DDSS, carbon capture reservoir surveillance , CC nodes carbon emission in ocean observation smartcables.org.