1887

Abstract

Summary

Solar flare events, as energetic outbursts of electromagnetic energy released from Sun, are well known driving agents for disturbances within Earth’s magneto sphere. D-region, as lowest ionospheric region, is strongly influenced by such powerful events as well. For probing D-region plasma properties in conditions perturbed due to the occurrence of high energy X-ray solar flare events, technology employing Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio signal transmission within Earth-ionosphere waveguide is used in this study. Monitoring and recording of related VLF signal perturbations was conducted by ground-based receiving system located in Belgrade, Serbia. Through applied numerical modeling procedure, retrieved ionospheric parameters revealed considerable deviations in electron density height profiles, with main results presented in this paper. Solar X-ray flux data were obtained from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite database.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202449BGS6
2024-05-28
2026-02-06
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Eastwood, J. P., Biffis, E., Hapgood, M. A., Green, L., Bisi, M. M., Bentley, R D., Wicks, R., McKinnell, L. A., Gibbs, M., Burnett, C. (2017). The Economic Impact of Space Weather: Where Do We Stand?Risk Anal. 2017, 37, 206–218.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Alabdulgader, A., McCraty, R., Atkinson, M., Dobyns, Y., Vainoras, A., Ragulskis, M., Stolc, V. (2018). Long-Term Study of Heart Rate Variability Responses to Changes in the Solar and Geomagnetic Environment. Sci. Rep, 8, 2663.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information: https://satdat.ngdc.noaa.gov/sem/goes/data/avg/.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. The European Space Agency Space Weather services: https://swe.ssa.esa.int/user-domains.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Silber, I., Price, C. (2017). On the use of VLF narrowband measurements to study the lower ionosphere and the mesosphere-lower thermosphere. Surveys in Geophysics, 38, 407.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Ferguson, J. (1998). Computer programs for assessment of long-wavelength radio communications, version 2.0: User's guide and source files. Tech. rep., Space and naval warfare systems center San Diego CA.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Mitra, A. P. (1974). Lonospheric Effects of Solar Flares. Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, The Netherlands, Volume 46.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Wait, J. R., Spies, K. P. (1964). Characteristics of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide for VLF radio waves. US Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, CO, USA.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Hayes, L. A., O'Hara, O. S. D., Murray, S. A., Gallagher, P. T. (2021). Solar Flare Effects on the Earth's Lower Ionosphere. Solar Physics, 296, 157.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Kelly, M. C. (2009). The Earth's Ionosphere: Plasma Physics and Electrodynamics. Second Edition.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. McRae, W. M., Thomson, N. R. (2004). Solar flare induced ionospheric D-region enhancements from VLF phase and amplitude observations. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys.66, 77–87.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Thomson, N. R., Rodger, C. J., Clilverd, M. A. (2005). Large solar flares and their ionospheric D region enhancements. J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys, 110.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Kelly, M. C. (2009). The Earth's Ionosphere: Plasma Physics and Electrodynamics. Second Edition.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Barta, V., Natras, R., Srećković, V., Koronczay, D., Schmidt, M., Šulic, D. (2006). Multi-instrumental investigation of the solar flares impact on the ionosphere on 05–06 December 2006.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Kolarski, A., Grubor, D. (2014). Sensing the Earth's low ionosphere during solar flares using VLF signals and goes solar X-ray data. Advances in space research, 53, 1595.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Kolarski, A., Veselinović, N, Srećković, V. A., et al. (2023). Impacts of Extreme Space Weather Events on September 6th, 2017 on Ionosphere and Primary Cosmic Rays. Remote Sensing, 15, 1403.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) archive database: https://satdat.ngdc.noaa.gov/sem/goes/data/avg/.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202449BGS6
Loading
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202449BGS6
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error