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This study aims to provide an S-wave velocity structure using microtremor observations to improve the spatial resolution of liquefaction risk evaluation. A grid array microtremor observation and a single-point three-component observation were conducted at the sites in Nagoya, Japan where a potentially high liquefaction risk is concerned. The S-wave velocity structure was constructed by the least-squares inversion of the dispersion curves and then improved by the joint inversion of the dispersion curves and the H/V ratios using the Monte Carlo method. The S-wave velocity was used to calculate the cyclic resistance ratio and the cyclic stress ratio for liquefaction risk evaluation. The result of the liquefaction risk evaluation was consistent with existing ones published by Nagoya City and indicated that detailed liquefaction prediction is possible.