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In the field of seismic exploration, it is necessary to consider the influence of complicated internal microstructures of the medium to describe the finer subsurface structures. In the generalized continuum mechanics theory, microstructure interactions of the medium can be represented by the additional higher-order displacement and rotation gradients, and the characteristic length scale parameters of the medium. In this abstract, based on the generalized wave equations in the framework of the second-order strain gradient theory, we derive the decoupled generalized wave equations according to the Helmholtz decomposition theorem. And the expression of the phase velocity of P- and S-wave considering the microstructure characteristics of the medium is given. The results of theoretical analysis and numerical modeling indicate that the heterogeneity caused by the microstructure characteristics of the medium leads to the dispersion of the P- and S-wave. The perturbation of the wavefield increases with the increase of the characteristic length scale parameter.