Otway Stage 4: Revisiting Saturation from Seismic Amplitude

Using seismic monitoring and analysis of the injection phases undertaken as part of Otway Stage 4, the injection efficiencies within sub-optimal, heterogeneous reservoir will be quantified and also then compared to the microbubble injection technique. Importantly, other key criteria vital to the informed management of storage resources within projects will be investigated, including, for the first time, CO2 saturation within sub-surface plumes as well as a detailed understanding of microseismicity. A key outcome of this work will be the ability to quantitatively appraise storage efficiency, and understand processes within more complex, heterogeneous storage systems that dominate many onshore basins. This project will provide the data necessary to interpret, in detail, the opportunities afforded from the microbubble injection, and storage management tools to maximise storage resources through real-time data delivery and interpretation. The combination of the uplifts generated by the delivered understanding of microbubble injection and how CO2 saturation is distributed across the storage systems will materially reduce costs and allow storage operators to operate comfortable within the storage systems’ technical limits and regulatory compliance windows.