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Abstract

Summary

Granular materials, used as analogue in these models, exhibit complex non-linear deformation behaviour, including pre-failure distributed strain, spontaneous shear localization, and strain accumulation in narrow shear zones. Scaled sandbox experiments as a tool to simulate and understand the dynamics of crustal deformation in convergent mountain belts, focusing on faulting and folding processes. By replicating natural deformation patterns under controlled conditions, these experiments offer valuable insights into the mechanisms driving mountain-building processes. Varying boundary conditions, material properties, and deformation parameters allow for systematic exploration of stress accumulation, strain distribution, and their impact on fault and fold development.

Leveraging advancements in image processing techniques, this study employs high-resolution optical image correlation and coupled 2D/3D Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) to monitor displacement fields in compressional sandbox experiments. PIV analysis enhances spatial and temporal resolution by at least an order of magnitude compared to conventional methods, enabling detailed observations of sequential fault development and interactions. The findings highlight the critical role of material properties, boundary conditions, and deformation dynamics in mountain-building processes. This research bridges experimental modelling and real-world geodynamics, providing a robust framework for understanding the complex interplay of forces shaping convergent tectonic settings.

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2025-06-02
2026-02-08

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/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.2025101072
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Deformation Localisation and Faulting Processes in Mountain Belts: Findings from PIV analysis of Sandbox Experiments
Conference Proceedings 2025, 1 (2025); https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2025101072
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.2025101072
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.2025101072
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