Wave-Equation-Based Diffraction Imaging Constrained by Structural Information

Seismic diffraction results from small-scale geological heterogeneities affecting seismic wave propagation and amplitude. Diffracted waves provide essential information about geological features like faults, cavities, and fractures. However, in practical applications, these waves often carry less energy than reflected waves, leading to difficulties distinguishing small-scale anomalies due to the overwhelming strength of reflection signals. Effective separation of diffraction from reflection is crucial for accurately imaging these geological features. To address these challenges, wave-equation-based numerical simulation methods are used to model seismic wave propagation and facilitate wavefield decomposition, allowing for better differentiation of diffraction. Though this technique enhances imaging accuracy, residual reflection information can complicate results, particularly in complex underground environments. To improve the separation process, a new diffraction imaging technique based on seismic structural information is proposed. This method aims to enhance the accuracy and reliability of diffraction imaging, particularly in regions like Northwest China, where karst systems present significant imaging challenges due to complex geological formations and lithological variations.