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This paper proposes a method for constructing a geological structural knowledge graph, which enables intelligent geological structural model construction, and validates the method’s effectiveness. To evaluate its practical application, the method was tested in a work area in western China, comparing it with commercial software. Test results demonstrate that the proposed method’s modelling precision is consistent with commercial software, while modelling efficiency improved by approximately twofold. Furthermore, traditional modelling methods rely on extensive manual annotation data, are inefficient, and are susceptible to complex geological environments. By integrating multi-source heterogeneous data, constructing a multi-layered geological structural knowledge graph, and achieving automated and intelligent geological structural modelling based on this graph, the method significantly enhances model scalability and universality. Cross-grid processing technology ensures the model’s efficiency and reliability in practical applications. Research findings indicate that this method has broad application prospects in geological structural modelling.