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Abstract

Summary

High-energy beaches, where salinity changes drive dynamic biochemical reactions at the land-sea boundary, were the focus of our 18-month study on Spiekeroog’s North beach (Germany). Employing continuous groundwater logging, direct-push sampling, a quasi-continuous electrode chain, and repeated ERT, we introduced a novel approach: directly inverting all data for salinity. This method outperformed traditional workflows, providing improved results by incorporating the crucial role of subsurface temperature and changes in the formation factor directly into the inversion process. Consequently, we successfully imaged the seasonal evolution of the upper saline plume and the infiltration of winter storm flood remnants into the subsurface. These findings offer valuable calibration data for groundwater models, advancing our comprehension of these highly dynamic systems.

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/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202520055
2025-09-07
2026-02-19
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References

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