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To secure sufficient, clean, and reliable drinking water amidst climate change, evolving land use, and population growth, artificial infiltration ponds are essential tools for drinking water providers in many areas. Optimizing their operation requires a detailed understanding of infiltration processes and subsurface water transport dynamics.
At a Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) facility in southern Sweden, a Direct Current resistivity and Induced Polarization (DCIP) system has been installed to support this goal. The system, comprising 416 electrodes arranged along three lines in and around an infiltration pond, is complemented by sensors measuring water conductivity, level, and temperature. In addition, periodic 3D ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys are conducted to track groundwater level changes and aid subsurface structural interpretation.
Initial DCIP results indicate sandy sediments above the groundwater table with resistivities exceeding 1 kΩm, decreasing to a few hundred Ωm in saturated zones, reflecting grain size variations. GPR data reveals distinct sand layers and dynamic groundwater level changes. The monitoring system is intended to operate over several years, with future investigations focusing on its potential to detect biofilm development within the sand filter and deeper insights into the spatial and temporal dynamics of the infiltration process.