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Abstract

Summary

In this abstract, we present the results of a geophysical investigation of the Cisiec landslide, which is located in southern Poland. This is a complex landslide where both climate change and human activities, such as artificial snowmaking, influence slope stability. Monitoring began in 2018 using seismic (reflection imaging, refraction tomography and Surface Wave Analysis) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT); as the complex landslide formation mechanism required a multi-method approach integrating geophysical and remote sensing data. Field campaigns in 2024 and 2025 employed Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), Spectral Ground-Penetrating Radar (SGPR), Time-Domain and Frequency-Domain Electromagnetics (TDEM, FDEM), Spectral Induced Polarisation (SIP), and terrestrial laser scanning to capture seasonal and structural changes. SGPR proved particularly effective in revealing new slip surfaces and groundwater pathways. Results confirmed the landslide’s division into three main zones and highlighted how artificial snow stabilises the ground in winter but promotes destabilisation in spring. The integrated geophysical monitoring significantly improved the understanding of landslide mechanisms and offers a model for future real-time assessment in similarly vulnerable mountainous regions.

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/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202520126
2025-09-07
2026-02-06
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References

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