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Seismicity risk mitigation is an increasingly important topic due to the increasing number of industrial well operations close to population centers. Such operations, including hydraulic stimulation, saltwater disposal, enhanced geothermal systems, and carbon storage, are usually within an overlying, sedimentary basin structure, and are shallow compared to the depth of basement rocks where natural seismicity occurs. One challenging problem in risk mitigation is combining disparate and uncertain seismological, geological and geomechanical data. Although parts of these data are available prior to injection, updating risk mitigation based on operational monitoring process is essential in a dynamic system.
The Texas Seismological Network and Seismology Research (TexNet) and ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company have developed two tools that can help in both planning and forecasting injection scenarios. The first one is a follow up version of the fault slip potential, initially developed from Stanford University and the second one is designed for rapid geomechanical analysis of injection related earthquakes.