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The Tan-Lu Fault Zone (TLFZ) plays a critical role in the accumulation of deep high-temperature geothermal resources. However, the deep thermal regime of the central TLFZ and the thermal control exerted by its four parallel faults remain unclear. Herein, we calculate the deep temperature, thermal lithosphere thickness, and crust-mantle heat flow ratio of the central TLFZ by measuring and analyzing thermal conductivity, heat production, regional stratigraphic thickness, and surface heat flow. Our results show from the TLFZ toward the adjacent regions, deep temperatures decrease, while the thermal lithosphere thickness and the crust-mantle heat flow ratio increase. The central TLFZ exhibits an exceptionally thin lithosphere and a shallow mantle heat source, resulting in localized temperatures exceeding 150°C at 3 km depth and regionally pervasive temperatures above 150°C at 4 km depth, indicative of abundant deep high-temperature geothermal resources. The maximum value of deep temperature, minimum value of thermal lithosphere thickness, and the lowest crust-mantle heat flow ratio in the central TLFZ all occur in the western branches of the fault. This indicates that the western branches are the weakest part of the lithosphere and the richest region in deep high-temperature geothermal resources in the central TLFZ.