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Abstract

Summary

This study presents a three-phase vertical equilibrium (VE) model for simulating CO injection into depleted gas reservoirs containing methane and brine. Using a black-oil formulation, CO and methane are treated as compressible, immiscible fluids. Vertically integrated mass balance and flux equations are derived to account for density variations and implemented in the open-source MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST). Benchmarking against a high-resolution compositional simulation of CO injection into an anticlinal trap shows that the VE model accurately captures plume geometry, phase ordering, and final trapping volumes, while reducing computational cost by over two orders of magnitude. Deviations are limited to the CO/methane mixing zone, which the immiscible formulation cannot resolve. The model therefore provides a practical tool for rapid screening, well-placement optimization, and uncertainty analysis where full compositional simulations are computationally prohibitive.

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/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202521145
2025-10-27
2026-01-18
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References

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