Key Outcomes of the CTS Project

This manuscript presents the key findings and outcomes of the CETP CTS project started in December 2023 and completing in December 2025.

The CTS (CO2 Transport and Storage directly from a ship: flexible and cost-effective solutions for offshore storage) project, part of the Clean Energy Transition Partnership (CETP) demonstrated the techno-economic feasibility of direct CO2 injection from ships into offshore storage sites.

Four different geological areas at the different CCS readiness level, volumes and maritime conditions have been selected and analysed. North sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea and Atlantic Coast of Portugal scenarios were created, their techno-economical potential and life cycle analysis carried out. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) focused on evaluating potential of direct ship injection to reduce costs and accelerate implementation of CCS technologies. LCA and UNFC tools were used to assess regional scenarios, their maturity for implementation, and project management. This helped us to diagnose and develop interaction with the external environment for project implementation, as well as improve internal factors, both technical and organizational.

We conclude that the technology has a potential to reduce costs of CCUS value chains, facilitate faster deployment and contribute to creating a more robust and flexible value chains.