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Abstract

Summary

Accurate CO mapping is crucial for carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects. Conventional time-lapse analyses are often successful for mapping simple CO accumulations. However, monitoring heterogeneous aquifers like the Utsira Sand at the Sleipner Storage site requires more advanced analyses. Utilizing the entire wavefield offers an alternative to improve monitoring accuracy, addressing the limitations of traditional reflection-based approaches. We present a 3D full-waveform inversion (FWI) study of the Sleipner CO storage site in the North Sea, using towed-streamer (TS) and ocean-bottom-node (OBN) seismic data acquired in 2010 and 2023, respectively. The inversions provided detailed 3D representations of the CO plume, revealing its evolution over the 13-year period. The results captured CO layers, validated previously interpreted pathways, and revealed new pathways and depositional features influencing CO migration. By increasing the bandwidth to 70 Hz, we achieved an unprecedented level of detail and estimated the bulk CO volumes in place, enabling future verifications of the CO mass in place. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of repeated 3D FWI in monitoring CO migration in complex, heterogeneous aquifers, setting a benchmark for future assessments of cost-effectiveness at the site, and proving the value of advanced seismic analysis for improved conformance monitoring.

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/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202522051
2025-09-01
2026-02-07

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References

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FWI-Based Imaging of Heterogeneous Aquifers: Insights from the Sleipner Storage Site
Conference Proceedings 2025, 1 (2025); https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202522051
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202522051
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202522051
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