1887
PDF

Abstract

Summary

Long-term reservoir monitoring often uses seismic receivers placed in shallow boreholes to increase the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of recorded seismic waves, either for passive or active seismicity. This study demonstrates that both seismic signals and noise at frequencies above 1 Hz decrease with depth in shallow boreholes. This is the first study to show that the seismic noise decays exponentially in shallow depths and nearly linearly for greater depths. We explain this observation using the seismic noise model formed by surface and body waves. This model explains why seismic noise levels at depths smaller than one wavelength of surface waves decay exponentially. We conclude that the optimal receiver depth to obtain the most significant improvement in the SNR (either microseismic events or reflections from interfaces) can be achieved at a depth greater than one wavelength of surface waves.

© EAGE Publications BV
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202522072
2025-09-01
2026-02-14

  • From This Site

    /content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202522072
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/2214-4609/2025/wccus/72.html?itemId=/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202522072&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Aki, K. and Richards, P.G. [2002] Quantitative Seismology. 2nd Ed. Univ. Sci. Books, California.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Dost, B., Goutbeek, F., Van Eck, T. and Kraaijpoel, D. [2012] Monitoring induced seismicity in the North of the Netherlands: Status report 2010. Scientific Report; WR 2012-03. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, The Netherlands.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Duncan, P.M. and Eisner, L. [2010] Reservoir characterization using surface microseismic monitoring. Geophysics, 75(5), 75A139–75A146. doi: 10.1190/1.34677.0.
     https://doi.org/10.1190/1.34677.0 [Google Scholar]
  4. Eisner, L., De La Pena, A., Wessels, S., Barker, W. and Heigl, W. [2011] Why surface monitoring of microseismic events works. 3rd EAGE Passive Seismic Workshop - Actively Passive, Athens, Greece.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Fyen, J. [1990] Diurnal and seasonal variations in the microseismic noise level observed at the NORESS array. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 63(3–4), 252–268. doi: 10.1016/0031‑9201(90)90026‑T.
     https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(90)90026-T [Google Scholar]
  6. Grechka, V. and Heigl, W.M. [2017] Microseismic monitoring. Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Witten, B., Habiger, R.M. and Artman, B. [2013] A technical and economic value analysis of shallow borehole arrays for microseismic monitoring. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2013, 2109–2113. doi: 10.1190/segam2013‑1305.1.
     https://doi.org/10.1190/segam2013-1305.1 [Google Scholar]
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202522072
Loading
Optimal Receiver Depth for Seismic Monitoring in Shallow Boreholes
Conference Proceedings 2025, 1 (2025); https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202522072
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202522072
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202522072
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most Cited This Month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error