1887
PDF

Abstract

Summary

This study proposes a comprehensive risk mitigation framework for CO-based electrothermal energy and geological storage (CEEGS), utilizing a feature-event-process (FEP) approach integrated with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The framework addresses risks spanning geological, technical, environmental, social, and economic domains. It employs normalized matrices to capture interdependencies among features, events, and processes, incorporating uncertainty through Gaussian noise. Risk propagation is modeled via FE, EP, and PR matrices, with one million MC simulation iterations yielding probabilistic risk distributions. Key findings indicate that geological uncertainties, such as fault reactivation and induced seismicity, along with equipment reliability issues, are the primary risk drivers. Inter-domain interactions further amplify these risks, as demonstrated by feature-event and event-process correlations. The study highlights the importance of site characterization, high-integrity equipment, and effective stakeholder engagement to ensure safe, scalable CEEGS deployment. Overall, the proposed FEP framework provides a quantitative tool for guiding decision-making in CO energy storage and sequestration systems.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202522095
2025-09-01
2026-02-15
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/2214-4609/2025/wccus/95.html?itemId=/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202522095&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Athens, N.D. and Caers, J.K., 2019. A Monte Carlo-based framework for assessing the value of information and development risk in geothermal exploration. Applied Energy, 256, p.113932.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Behnous, D., Carneiro, J., Gianni, E., Tyrologou, P., Farkas, M.P., Schmidt-Hattenberger, C., Álvarez, P.F.C., Crespo, J.G., Ramirez, R.C., Paulete, A.C. and Koukouzas, N., 2024, November. Geochemical Perspectives on Underground Energy Storage Coupled with CO2 Utilisation and Sequestration: Insights from CEEGS. In Fifth EAGE Global Energy Transition Conference & Exhibition (GET 2024) (Vol. 2024, No. 1, pp. 1–5). European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Carro, A., Chacartegui, R., Ortiz, C., Carneiro, J. and Becerra, J.A., 2021. Energy storage system based on transcritical CO2 cycles and geological storage. Applied Thermal Engineering, 193, p.116813.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Carro, A., Chacartegui, R., Ortiz, C., Carneiro, J. and Becerra, J.A., 2022. Integration of energy storage systems based on transcritical CO2: Concept of CO2 based electrothermal energy and geological storage. Energy, 238, p.121665.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Carro, A., Carneiro, J., Ortiz, C., Behnous, D., Becerra, J.A. and Chacartegui, R., 2024. Assessment of carbon dioxide transcritical cycles for electrothermal energy storage with geological storage in salt cavities. Applied Thermal Engineering, 255, p.124028.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Garcia-Aristizabal, A., Kocot, J., Russo, R. and Gasparini, P., 2019. A probabilistic tool for multi-hazard risk analysis using a bow-tie approach: application to environmental risk assessments for georesource development projects. Acta Geophysica, 67, pp.385–410.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Iwe, K.A., Daramola, G.O., Isong, D.E., Agho, M.O. and Ezeh, M.O., 2023. Real-time monitoring and risk management in geothermal energy production: ensuring safe and efficient operations. International Journal of Science and Research Archive. 8(1), 995–1011.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Johansson, M., Chacartegui, R., Behnous, D., Carneiro, J., Correia, V., Delicado, A., Hampel, U., Koukouzas, N., Nanaki, E., Prades, A. and Vukovic, I., 2024, November. Novel CO2-Based Electrothermal Energy and Geological Storage System. In Fifth EAGE Global Energy Transition Conference & Exhibition (GET 2024) (Vol. 2024, No. 1, pp. 1–4). European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Kyriakides, A.S., Stoikos, A., Trigkas, D., Gravanis, G., Tsimpanogiannis, I.N., Papadopoulou, S. and Voutetakis, S., 2023. Modelling and Evaluation of CO2-based Electrothermal Energy Storage System. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 103, pp.505–510.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Miranda, M.M., Raymond, J. and Dezayes, C., 2020. Uncertainty and risk evaluation of deep geothermal energy source for heat production and electricity generation in remote northern regions. Energies, 13(16), p.4221.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Stoikos, A., Kyriakides, A.S., Carneiro, J., Behnous, D., Gravanis, G., Tsimpanogiannis, I.N., Seferlis, P. and Voutetakis, S., 2025. Analysis and Evaluation of a TCO2 Electrothermal Energy Storage System with Integration of CO2 Geological Storage. Energies, 18(3), pp.1–29.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Trutnevyte, E. and Ejderyan, O., 2018. Managing geoenergy-induced seismicity with society. Journal of Risk Research, 21(10), pp.1287–1294.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Unger, S., Fogel, S., Schütz, P., Chacartegui Ramirez, R., Carro, A., Carneiro, J. and Hampel, U., 2024, June. The sCO2 Facility CARBOSOLA: Design, Purpose and Use for Investigating Geological Energy Storage Cycles. In Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea, and Air (Vol. 88049, p. V011T28A004). American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Wang, C., Zhang, S., Hua, T., Zeng, J. and Lan, M., 2024. CO2 geological storage: A bibliometric analysis of research trends. Heliyon, 10(14).
    [Google Scholar]
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202522095
Loading
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202522095
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error