oa The Group of Protected Anthropogenic Geological and Geomorphological Objects of Podillia

The article is dedicated to the analysis of geological and geomorphological anthropogenic protected sites in Podillia, which include ancient mining sites, rock dumps, mines, adits, quarries, defensive structures, and burial mounds. Based on the types of minerals and the nature of their use, five developmental stages have been identified, starting from the flint stage (40,000 years ago) to the modern stage (beginning of the 21st century). Each stage is characterized by specific types of extraction, such as flint, bog ores, construction materials (limestones, sandstones, granites), as well as the formation of unique anthropogenic landscape complexes. Particular attention is paid to the formation of anthropogenic sites, such as adits, quarries, and dumps, which are important for studying the geological history of the region. The necessity of protecting these sites is emphasized, especially within the Middle Buh and Middle Dniester regions, where unique geological sections and landforms have been preserved. The importance of further research and designation of new sites for the preservation of Podillia’s geological heritage is highlighted. The potential of these sites for the development of ecological tourism is underscored, which could contribute to their preservation and the economic development of the region.