MATLAB Carbon Sequestration Model: Simulating Vertical Equilibrium for CO2 Storage in Geological Formations

This study presents a Carbon Sequestration Model for simulating Vertical Equilibrium (VE) in CO₂ storage within geological formations, utilizing publicly available datasets from the Johansen formation offshore Norway. Developed in MATLAB with the MRST toolbox, the model reduces complex 3D geological data into scalable simulations to assess injection dynamics, long-term migration, and trapping mechanisms over timescales of hundreds to thousands of years. It incorporates critical fluid properties—including CO₂/brine viscosity, density, compressibility, capillary pressure, and residual saturation—to evaluate plume evolution. A case study sector model illustrates CO₂ plume expansion from an injection well over 100 years of injection followed by 900 years of migration, providing a robust framework for optimizing long-term storage strategies in large aquifers.