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2nd EAGE International Conference KazGeo
- Conference date: 29 Oct 2012 - 31 Oct 2012
- Location: Almaty, Kazakhstan
- ISBN: 978-90-73834-37-8
- Published: 29 October 2012
61 - 80 of 84 results
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Storage of Hydrogenous Gas in Geological Formations - Conceptual Model of In-situ Bio-reactions and Gas Transformations
Authors M. Panfilov, I. Dussembaev, M. Burketbayev and A. ToleukhanovThe uniform distribution of natural gas over various regions distanced by thousands kilometres from gas producing sites represents a serious economical and technological problem for Kazakhstan. Taking into account that the gas transportation constitutes 70% of the overall price of natural gas, the investments into gas transport from the Caspian region to eastern and southern regions appears to be extremely expensive. Another, a priori more rentable solution might consist of using hydrogenous gas instead of methane, that can be produced from coal by degasification technique. This process may be performed directly at the central and eastern coal basins and consequently does need to transport hydrogenous gas over long distances. Such a gas, called the town or syntheses gas, represents a mixture of hydrogen (60%), methane (12%), and CO2 and CO (20%) has a high energetic potential and is frequently used as a high-performance carrier of energy capable of replacing up to 60% of the natural gas used in non-industrial activity in several countries (Davison et al. 2009).
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Recharging of a Basin in South West of Iran, Artificially
More LessRecharge of farough basin in south west of Iran, artificially Hassan Derakhshan Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering Dep., Zabol University, Iran The need for water storage via multipurpose projects especially in mountainous areas in south west of Iran is critically considered. So a comprehensive knowledge of the area was achieved and a set of check dams were finally proposed as the abrasion controlling agents in the steeper areas due to the region nature and an embankment for water storage in downstream area for irrigation purposes and recharging ground area water table was also introduced. The related structural elements were also designed in detail. The whole existing properties of the region needs more and more rehabilitation programs to save the vegetation and area plants and reducing the soil erosion and sediments as a result.
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Zero Tolerance towards Discharge Today: Way to a Greener Tomorrow
By S. ShekharWater is a life giving commodity which we have been taking for granted. It is a resource even more precious than any of the fossil fuels. Water, as a deliverable from industries and various operations has been rarely thought of, probably owing to its abundance. But the portion of this which is actually of our domestic use is merely 2.5% of the total volume of water on earth. Hence, water treatment methods or technology which can extract total dissolved solids (TDS) to a bare minimum are necessary to keep the amount of contamination below the mandatory level. The Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) is a great step in this direction. The recent developments in water effluents standards have compelled industries across the spectrum to adopt technologies such as ZLD for better treatment of Flue Gas at FGD installations. This paper presents the concept of Zero liquid discharge as a feasible answer to the above problems and its application across the spectrum of industries, particularly in the extraction of heavy oil using SAGD. The paper also discusses the controversies surrounding its economic feasibility and studies the technical considerations of waste treatment and disposal.
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Analysis of Subsidence Dynamics During Destruction of Structure over Abandoned Mines due to Underground Water Elevation
Authors I.V. Nazimko, S.V. Pedchenko and V.V. VasutinaУстойчивость наземных сооружений существенно зависит от активизации подвижек грунта, вероятность которой резко увеличивается при поднятии уровня грунтовых вод. Особенно это опасно в случаях, когда объекты сооружаются над выходами тектонических нарушений. При мокром погашении угольной шахты происходит поднятие уровня грунтовых вод, в результате чего свойства наносов изменяются. Как показывает практика, это приводит к неизбежной активизации сдвижений земной поверхности и часто к разрушению наземных сооружений
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The Tien Shan Seismic Mode Cyclicity and Prediction of the Probable Time of Expected Destructive Earthquakes
Authors E. Mamyrov, Y.A. Mahan’kova and N. Ernesova1. Активизация проявления разрушительных землетрясений в мире, включая территорию Кыргызстана, начавшаяся в 2003 г. и продолжающаяся в 2010 г, доказывает актуальность прогнозных исследований по определению вероятного периода повышения уровня сейсмической опасности в пределах отдельных сейсмоактивных регионов. Современные исследования сложных геофизических процессов показали, что они могут быть количественно отражены в соответствии с теорией нелинейных систем уравнениями солитонного типа. Анализ взаимодействия коротковолновых и длинноволновых геофизических возмущений показал наличие эффектов перемежаемости Ферми-Паста-Улама, когда периоды спокойной длинноволновой динамики сменяются короткими периодами квазисолитонной активности, т.е. картина спокойствия сменяется следующим очередным «взрывом». Таким образом, в геофизической среде формируется собственный ритм в режиме самовозбуждения, который может быть идентифицирован на геофизических полигонах флуктуациями геофизических, гидродинамических и геохимических параметров.
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Dynamic Monitoring of the Toktogul Dam under Seismic and Human
By V.I. DovganГорная страна Кыргызстан, расположенная на Тянь-Шане, обладает уникальным гидроэнергетическим комплексом. Основу этого комплекса составляет каскад Токтогульских ГЭС на реке Нарын. Самая мощная из действующих – Токтогульская – имеет бетонную гравитационную плотину высотой 215 метров и водохранилище объемом 19.5 млрд. куб. метров. Плотина находится на высоте 900 м в глубоком каньоне с высоким уровнем естественных тектонических напряжений. Гидросооружению более 30 лет и располагается оно в зоне возможных очагов землетрясений с магнитудой 7.5. Постоянные динамические нагрузки на сооружение от землетрясений, работы гидротехнического оборудования и климатические воздействия приводят к преждевременному старению и разрушению плотины, поэтому на всем протяжении эксплуатации ГЭС нужно вести контроль за ее состоянием.
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Experimental Evaluation of Rock Spallation with Laser Irradiation
Authors M. Bakhtbidar, G.H. Montazeri, A. Safaei and A. FakhriWhen lasers were invented in 1960, they were called “a solution looking for a problem.” Since then, they have become ubiquitous, finding utility in thousands of highly varied applications in every section of modern society, including consumer electronics, information technology, medicine, industry, entertainment and the military. Research conducted in rock destruction by high-power lasers indicates that lasers can be a less expensive, environmental friendly alternative to conventional drilling and perforating methods. Laser rock spallation is a rock removal process that utilizes laser-induced thermal stress to fracture the rock into small fragments before melting of the rock occurs. High intensity laser energy, applied on a rock that normally has very low thermal conductivity, concentrates locally on the rock surface area and causes the local temperature to increase instantaneously. The maximum temperature just below the melting temperature can be obtained by carefully controlling the laser parameters. This results in a local thermal stress in subsurface that is enough to spall the rock. This process continues on a new rock surface with the aid of the high pressure gas purging blowing away the cracked fragments. Laser parameters that affect the laser spallation efficiency will be discussed in the paper.
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Bitumen Formation in the Source Rocks of the Infrasaliferous Series of the Eastern Part of the Precaspian Basin
Authors Y. Talgat, A. Izart and G. JoltaevApproximately 145 samples from the Eastern part of Precaspian and Preouralian basins were analyzed. They are clastic and carbonated rocks (mudstone, siltstone, sandstone, limestone and anhydrite) of platform, slope and basin facies of Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian whose the depth lies between 1700m and 5450m. The samples were analyzed by petrographic (macerals and vitrinite reflectance), geochemical (extract and Rock-Eval) and molecular studies. These studies show that one could distinguish three groups of organic matter (OM): II (marine), III (continental) and mixed II/III. The type III MO presents the IH generally lower than 80 mg/g TOC and is widespread in the turbiditic facies of Lower Permian age and Lower-Middle Visean. This type presents the humic facies composed of coal remains (vitrinite and inertinite) sometimes associated with a sapropelic matrix or spores.
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Lithofacies Model Field Kyurovdag - Lower Kura, Azerbaijan
More LessМоделирование геологических объектов широко используется в нефтяной и газовой геологии, снижая риск процессов поисков и разведки месторождений нефти и газа. Объектом данного изучения послужило месторождение Кюровдаг, расположенное в пределах Нижне- Куринского прогиба на территории Восточного Азербайджана. (рис.1) Построенные в результате этого исследования 3D модели, характеризуют реальные геологические условия и коллекторские свойства месторождения Кюровдаг.
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The Economic Optimization of Mining Technological Blocks Using the Drillhole ISL Method by Modelling Geotechnological Parameters
By A.V. BelykhЭкономические оценки выполняются на следующих стадиях технологического процесса управления добычей. 1) При вводе в эксплуатацию оптимального, с точки зрения экономической эффективности, технологического блока. В процессе ввода выполняется: • проектирование системы вскрытия и выбор оптимального, с точки зрения себестоимости добываемой продукции, размера сети по данным разведочных работ; • создание оптимальной, с точки зрения себестоимости добываемой продукции, математической модели работы технологического блока (циклограммы работы блока) расчет изменения геотехнологических параметров в зависимости от изменения времени и Ж/Т; 2) При выводе технологических скважин и блоков из работы. Вывод технологических скважин из эксплуатации осуществляется тогда, когда добыча становится не рентабельной, т.е. содержание урана в ПР становится меньше минимально – промышленной величины. При этом вывод технологических блоков из работы осуществляется в том случае, если коэффициент извлечения по блоку равен величине заданной контрактом на недропользование. Экономическая оптимизация отработки технологических блоков методом ПСВ выполняется при проектирование системы вскрытия путем выбора оптимального, с точки зрения себестоимости добываемой продукции, размера сети и времени работы технологического блока, как по разведочным данным, так и по данным горно – подготовительных работ.
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Improve Reservoir Rock Permeability Using Laser Technology - A New Advanced Approach for Increased Oil Production Rate
Authors M. Bakhtbidar, G.H. Montazeri, M. Alimohammadi, M.H. Bakhtbidar and M.R. Kazemi AsfehLasers have potential for rock destruction applications in mining, petroleum, tunneling, and trenching. The high temperatures induced using high power lasers cause an increase in porosity and permeability, while reducing rock strength making it easier to break-up rocks. These results are part of a more extensive research project studying the application of laser technology in the oil and gas industry. Pre- and post-lasing analysis included mineralogy determination, clay characterization and original fractures, as well as porosity, permeability. The characteristics of unlased rocks were compared to the characteristics of lased rocks in order to determine the effect the high temperature caused by lasers has on altering the rocks. Over 18 core samples where exposed to laser energy in laboratory settings. Rocks types lased include sandstone, limestone, and shale. Permeability and porosity of the reservoir rocks ranged from 0.02 to 628 md and 100% to 400%, respectively. It was found that high temperature caused by lasers enhance porosity and permeability because high temperature vaporizes or breaks cementation leading to more pore space.
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Metasomatic Zoning of Copper Porphyry Deposits in Kyrgyzstan
More LessКрупнейшие в Кыргызстане месторождения золото-медно-порфирового типа находятся в Киргизском хребте в Северном Тянь-Шане (рис.1). На западе развиты медно-порфировые с золотом месторождения, формирование которых связано с ордовикскими островодужными обстановками (Андаш, Талды-Булак, Узунбулак, Каракол, Булакаши и др.). На востоке находится золото-порфировое крупное месторождение Талды-Булак Левобережный, сформированное в обстановке активной континентальной окраины девона (Djenchuraeva, 1994).
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Ensemble of Tectonic Structures under Convergent Processes and their Ore-bearing
More LessС появлением концепции тектоники плит, стало возможным по-новому интерпретировать условия формирования и размещения оруденения в том или ином регионе, и во многих случаях, руководством при металлогенических построениях на современном уровне геологических знаний. Наблюдаемые закономерности в формировании и накоплении рудных образований являются функцией многих факторов, среди которых одним из определяющих следует считать возникновение тектонических структур. На базе выявленных разноранговых геологических структур возможен прогноз разнотипного оруденения и выявление определенных закономерностей их размещения в пространстве и времени. Эти исследования базируются на выявлении структурно-вещественных ком¬плексов, как продукта различных геодинамических обстановок, а также возраст¬ного и пространственного соотношения с ними рудной нагрузки.
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Geology and Metallogeny of the East Kazakhstan Region in the Central Asian Mobile Belt
Authors B. Dyachkov, M. Mizernaya, N. Mayorova and N. ZimanovskayaРассматриваемая территория охватывает геологические структуры Рудного Алтая, Калбы и Жарма-Саура, входящие в состав Большого Алтая (БА). К бортовым структурам относятся Горный Алтай (на северо-востоке) и Чингиз-Тарбагатай (на юго-западе.) В региональном плане БА размещается в Северо-Западной Азии и входит в состав Центрально-Азиатского металлогенического пояса. По районированию подразделяется на два крупных субрегиона: 1) Юго-Западный Алтай-Синьцзян, сформированный в активной окраине Сибирской платформы, и 2) Жарма-Саур-Баганур, образовавшийся в борту Казахстанского микроконтинента. С позиций мобилизма эти структуры испытали длительное и сложное геологическое развитие от докембрия до киммерийского и альпийского циклов включительно, а в современном виде они разделяются Зайсанской сутурной зоной.
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Attenuating Seismic Random Noise by Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis
Authors F. Bayati and H.R. SiahkoohiSuppression of random noise can significantly improve the quality of seismic imaging. In this study we used a method, which reduces multichannel random noise and time of computations while protecting seismic structures. The method is based on multichannel singular spectrum analysis (MSSA). Usually attenuating multichannel random noise via rank reduction comes up with large block Hankel matrices and a large amount of computations. We applied a randomized singular value decomposition (RSVD) method (Oropeza and Sacchi, 2010) to estimate rank reduced matrices. We evaluated the performance of the method on synthetic and real seismic data.
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A Comparison of Different Methods of Velocity Analysis in Reflection Seismic Data Processing with AVO Anomalies
Authors M. Bashardoust, S. Torabi and M. Nabi-BidhendiIn this paper, four methods of velocity analysis including Energy-normalized crosscorrelation (EC), differential semblance (Θ), conventional semblance (CS) and AB semblance (α) are compared with each other to determine which of them is able to detect events with class II AVO. The equations of different methods are described, coded and then applied to synthetic data. “Contrast, velocity distinction and time distinction” are three new criteria which have been used to compare the results of these methods. In the next step, all the above methods are applied to real data which belongs to one of the southern oil fields in Iran. Finally, AB semblance led to the best results and in contrast to others, does not stretch velocities and detects shallow events as clear as deep events. It can be concluded that AB semblance method can calculate the velocities of overlapped events with polarity reversal. Furthermore, compared to other methods, this method is able to detect closed events with polarity reversal with more resolution
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A Successful ASP Flooding with Organic Alkaline
Authors A. Naghizadeh Dilmaghani and S. TeimoorzadiThis paper describes the use of a new type of Organic Alkaline that replaces and improves upon traditional Inorganic Alkalines such as Sodium Hydroxide and Sodium Carbonate.The new Organic Alkaline was evaluated in ASP formulations containing commonly used Surfactants and Polymers. Organic Alkaline(s) uses can have very benefit.One of the most importanant benefit of Organic alkaline(s) is that it is non-toxic , so it can consider HSE (Health and Safety Environment) conception.Other advantage of OrganicAlkalines are that they are easily absorbed in environment.Their non-toxic, biodegradable properties make them particularly suitable for environmentally sensitive applications such as offshore and inland lakes.
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Improved Oil Recovery by the Efficiency of Nano-particle in Imbibition Mechanism
Authors G. Cheraghian and S. TardastiPrevious studies have indicated that the oil recovery from porous media may be substantially increased by the injection of miscible fluids.This all sounds great and water flooding has been used successfully for decades, however, it is important to take care to design and operate the flood appropriately. In this experiment, two nano-particles dissolved in water are used to inject into simulated environment and here they are Titanium dioxide and Fumed silica. Using nano-particles in all samples has resulted in recovery increase. Among the applications of the study is improvement in oil recovery (IOR) which can be applied in many water wet reservoirs dominated by inhibition mechanism to extract more flow through really small caliber pores . Using nano-particles in all samples has resulted in recovery increase. Finally,Considering the experiments, it is demonstrated that flows with nano and in particular Titanium dioxide nano have highest amount of recovery. So, using nano-particles in water flooding projects and even some of the polymer flooding ones (for IOR process).
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Channel Detection Using LTFT and Q Factor Estimation
More LessElastic energy of a seismic wave is attenuated while propagation through the earth. Generally, attenuation is determined by quality factor (Q) which is a dimensionless parameter. Due to the frequency dependency of attenuation, it is usually studied in frequency domain based on power spectrum and statistical methods. We used the local time-frequency transform (Fomel et al., 2010) as a time-frequency representation tool and the spectral ratio method to estimate Q for a given seismic data set using. Performance of the method was tested on both real and synthetic seismic data. A channel within a stacked volume was detected by estimating Q cube using the method.
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Crustal Velocity Structure in Central of Iran Using Local Earthquakes
Authors H. Zamanian, E. Bayramnejad and M.R. GheitanchiEarthquakes travel times inversion for determination of velocity structure of crust is one of the most important topics in seismology. In the simultaneous inversion method, the parameters of earthquakes and velocity model are determined initially and are improved during inversion steps. In this study, we have used more than 36000 calculated travel times for first arrivals of 8000 earthquakes, which occurred central of Iran (bounded 30°N-34°N & 50°E-56°E) to estimate P wave velocities and the thickness of the crust in this region. then about 564 earthquakes that located with high accuracy were selected for this study.by applying the results of previous studies and random models, the discontinuities of 10 Km, 20Km, and 44 Km Moho depth were assumed. The velocity 6 Km/s for depth down to 10 Km, 6.2 Km/s down to 20 Km, 6.5 Km/s down to 44 Km, and 8.2 Km/s for below the Moho were determined. We used new data and 1-D model to 3-D inversion and finally 3-D velocity structure was calculated by FAST software .We also used two deferent resolution tests to understanding where was reliable in the model.
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