- Home
- Conferences
- Conference Proceedings
- Conferences
18th International Petroleum and Natural Gas Congress and Exhibition of Turkey
- Conference date: 11 May 2011 - 13 May 2011
- Location: Ankara, Turkey
- Published: 11 May 2011
1 - 20 of 163 results
-
-
Energy Safety in the Mediterranean
More LessThe surroundings of the Mediterranean Sea has long been considered from the viewpoint of its natural characteristics and historical richness the most desirable region to live in. Despite that it is not the most prosperous part of the world and neither is it the safest. The reason for these infirmities lies in its cultural diversity and the unequal degres of develpment of the societies that inhabit its shores. Around the Mediterranean a prosperous and a free north faces a poor south suffering from a number of tyrranies. In the present state of the world, however, the tyrannies of the south posses much richer energy resources than the free north and this asymmetry has long been a concern not only for the inhabitants of the Mediterranean region, but for the entire world. Moreover, the Mediterranean sits across some of the most critical shipping lanes that also transport energy sources. Under these circumstances the geologist is often questioned by administrators and by the population as to what the future holds in store for the Mediterranean energy situation. To answer that question, one must take stock of the present situation.
-
-
-
Distribution of Methanogens in Petroleum Reservoirs of Garzan, Dodan, Silivanka, Çamurlu Areas
Authors N.D. Güngör, E.İ. Sungur, H. Hoşgörmez and A. ÇotukPetroleum reservoirs are important natural habitats for microorganisms. Biodegradation of petroleum results in a decrease in its hydrocarbon content and an increase in oil density, sulphur content, acidity and viscosity. These changes have negative economic consequences for oil production and refining operations. It has been established that methanogens constitute an important microbiological community inhabiting oilfields. Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) are degraded to methanogenic substrates such as acetate, CO2, and H2 by diverse bacteria, and methanogenesis is a final degradation process of organic matter by methanogenic archaea in anoxic petroleum reservoir environments.There is a limited information about petroleum biodegredation of methanogens. It is important to develop a method for methanogens activity and determine the effects of methanogens in this environment. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of metanogens in petroleum reservoirs. For this purpose oil samples were collected (9 petroleum and 5 petroleum-water phase) from Garzan, Dodan, Silivanka and Çamurlu areas. Samples were inoculated in media under pure gases N2. After then inoculated samples were gassed with H2-CO2 (80:20) atmosphere. All incubations were made in the dark at 30ºC for 21 days. Methane was measured by gas chromatograph. It was found that methanogens were isolated only one out of 9 petroleum (10 cell ml-1) and two out of 5 petroleum-waterphase (15 cell ml-1). These results showed that petroleum reservoirs contain a low number of methanogen but this results should be supported by molecular methods. It is important to understand the ecology of methanogens in petroleum reservoir. In future studies, molecular techniques should be applied to characterize methanogens in petroleum reservoirs in Turkey.
-
-
-
Oil Pollution Response Activities
By C. AnulOil accidents are incidents that damage economy, society and environment and affect local, regional or national communities. Oil accidents cause serious damage to countries, humans, corporations and most of all, environment. In order to be prepared for and respond to an oil pollution incident, its crucial to have national, regional, local and facility emergency response plans. Extensive and accurate planning is the key to oil pollution preparedness. Organizations must have oil pollution based emergency response plans and equipment, materials and trained personnel that are required to execute and carry out these plans. A full response can be achieved by; preparing detailed plans and determining the response procedures, administrative and technical considerations, equipment and materials that meet the quality standarts, trained personnel and carefully planned drill scenarios. Emergency response service centers that have adequate equipment and trained personnel can provide response to local, regional and national oil pollution incidents. Main Topics of Oil Pollution Response Activities: Emergency Response Planning: - Risk Assessment and Case Specific Modelling Studies - Determining Response Equipment and Personnel - Response Organization - Logistics and Communications - Notifications and Reporting - Public Relations Management - Waste Management - Safety and Worker Protection - Rehabilitation Activities - Training and Drills Emergency Response Service: - Tier 1 Emergency Response Service - Tier 2 Emergency Response Service - Tier 3 Emergency Response Service.
-
-
-
Introduction: Tectonic Assembly of Anatolia: Implications for Hydrocarbon Prospectivity
Authors A.H.F. Robertson, A.İ. Okay, O. Parlak and T. UstaömerIn this talk we will discuss some of the major recent advances and controversial aspects bearing on the tectonic assembly of Anatolia. The Precambrian rocks of the NW Pontides are widely seen as one or several circum-Gondwanan terranes that originated off NW Africa and, following eastward terrane dispersal, amalgamated to Eurasian by early Paleozoic and mid mid-Carboniferous time. The Palaeozoic units of the Taurides and Anatolides are commonly seen as having been located along the southern margin of a wide Palaeotethys, although some palaeontological data question the existence of any wide ocean during this time. The Variscan Pontide magmatic rocks are commonly interpreted as a subduction-related arc that was located along the southern margin of Eurasia. However, a location on the opposite side of Palaeotethys near Gondwana is also proposed. There is also a discussion about the direction of subduction; i.e. beneath Eurasia, beneath Gondwana, or both. In different interpretations, Palaeotethys was either entirely closed by latest Triassic or remained open and evolved into Neotethys by means of subduction and seafloor spreading. Triassic subduction is generally seen as northwards beneath Eurasia but some envisage southward subduction. Units like the Karakaya Complex are commonly seen as accretionary prisms but continental rift scenarios are still popular. Debate persists as the location, size and timing of closure of the Mesozoic Neotethyan oceans. Multiocean scenarios are gaining acceptance (e.g. Izmir-Ankara; Inner Tauride; S Neotethys) but are still questioned. Some see the Izmir-Ankara ocean as closed by latest Cretaceous but for others is remained partially open until Mid-Eocene. The S Neotethys (assuming its existence) closed in latest Cretaceous, Eocene, or Early Miocene time in different views. Probably all of the large emplaced ophiolites (mostly Late Cretaceous) formed above subduction zones and not at spreading ridges, significantly changing traditional views. The above and other tectonic scenarios directly or indirectly influence hydrocarbon prospectivity (e.g. presence or absence of buried continental platforms/slopes; regional heat flow variations, burial/exhumation and terrane dispersal. In the talk we will indicate the alternatives and some of our preferred solutions to the tectonic problems and we will emphasise where more work is needed to solve outstanding issues.
-
-
-
Tectono-Sedimentary Evolution of the Upper Cretaceous – Middle Eocene Central Anatolian Basins, Turkey: Summary and New Tectonic Model
Authors S. Nairn, A. Robertson, U. Ünlügenç, K. Taslı and N. İnanIn central Turkey, a strand of the former northern Neo-Tethys Ocean (İzmir-Anzara-Erzincan ocean) subducted northwards under the Pontide active margin during Cretaceous – Early Cenozoic time. Subduction generated accretionary complexes and emplaced ophiolites onto the former passive margins of microcontinents (e.g. Tauride-Anatolide Niğde-Kırşehir). The resulting suture zones encompass Upper Cretaceous to Middle Eocene basins including the Kırıkkale, Haymana, Tuz Gölü and Çankırı basins. The basement comprises the Ankara Mélange, a mainly Cretaceous accretionary complex together with the western margin of the Niğde-Kırşehir Massif, an inferred microcontinent. New geochemical data from beneath the Kırıkkale Basin identifies mid ocean-ridge basalt, here interpreted as Upper Cretaceous Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust. During the latest Cretaceous, the Kırıkkale and Tuz Gölü basins formed in deep water on MORB crust, bordered by the Niğde – Kırşehir microcontinent to the east. Further west, the Haymana Basin is an accretionary forearc basin constructed on the Ankara Mélange. The Çankırı Basin further north developed on accretionary mélange bounded by the Pontide active margin to the north. Palaeocene sedimentation was dominated by shallow-marine coralgal reef facies. Latest Palaeocene – Middle Eocene facies include shelf-type Nummulitic limestone, locally deposited on unconformity surfaces. In one model, the basins formed on obducted ophiolites following Late Cretaceous closure of a single northern Neo-Tethyan ocean. In an alternative model, the basins evolved in a forearc setting associated with northward subduction until the Middle Eocene. We propose a new model in which two north-dipping subduction zones were active during the late Mesozoic in the northern Neo-Tethyan region (distinct from the S Neotethys). In the south, ophiolites formed above a N-dipping subduction zone consuming oceanic crust adjacent to the Tauride-Anatolide continent (Inner Tauride Ocean) until the southward retreating trench collided with the northern margin of the continent emplacing ophiolites (e.g. Alihoca ophiolite). In the north, subduction initiated outboard of the Eurasian margin within the İzmir-Ankara ocean, triggering the genesis of supra-subduction zone oceanic lithosphere. The subduction zone then rolled back southwards until it collided with the Niğde – Kırşehir microcontinent, again emplacing ophiolites (e.g. Çiçekdağ) during latest Cretaceous time. However, vestiges of Neotethyan MORB remained to the west of the Niğde – Kırşehir microcontinent, forming the basement of the Kırıkkale and Tuz Gölü Basins. Continuing latest Palaeocene – Middle Eocene northward subduction culminated in final continental collision and the development of an Anatolia-wide unconformity, although strong uplift was delayed until Plio-Pleistocene.
-
-
-
Pre-Salt Structures in the Tuz Gölü and Çankırı-Çorum Basins, Central Anatolia: Implications on Oil Explorations
By B. CoşkunFollowing recent oil discoveries of nearly 16 billions barrels of recoverable oils in the allochthonous sub-salt and autochthonous pre-salt structures by Petrobras in Brasil’s offshore areas, these sub and pre-salt structures became very interesting exploration targets in the world. Evaluation of seismic and well data indicate that pre-salt structures exist also in the Tuz Golu and Cankiri-Corum basins in Central Anatolia. In the Tuz Golu basin, previous exploration and drilling activities aimed to test the Caldag reefs, sandstones in the Kirkkavak and Haymana formations, sandstone pinch-outs and fault-related closures at the flanks of the salt structures. In the Cankiri-Corum basin, Malibogazi reefs, sandstones in the Incik formation and structures at the flanks of salt bodies are considered as the main prospects. Of course, all these above structures are obviously very important for oil exploration, but the pre-salt structures, orinated by pull-up movements during the ascension of salt deposits and non-explored in Turkey so far, are excellent oil accumulation sites in these sedimentary basins. Upward movements of salt bodies under the gravity and tectonic forces, for exemple eastward movement of the Menderes Massif and westward displacement of the Kirsehir Massif evidenced by subsurface diabasic intrusion, created fractured anticlinal structures which are very attractive for oil exploration. Evaluation of seismic and well data reveal certain interesting pre-salt structural trends in the Tuz Golu and Cankiri-Corum basins. Evaluations and testing these pre-salt structures in the Tuz Golu and Cankiri-Corum basins and even in the eastern Mediterranean offshore areas, will open a new exploration concept for future oil researches in Turkey.
-
-
-
The Neogene Dynamics of the Balkan Fold-Thrust Belt. Possible Effect on the Hydrocarbon Accumulations
By R. NakovThe Alpine geodynamics of the eastern Balkan Peninsula is determined by several episodes of extension and compression. After the final closing of the Vardar Ocean during the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleogene the main episode of compression and deformation in the Balkan FTB occurred in Middle Eocene time, creating a well expressed fold-thrust pattern. At this time the belt was overthrusted to the north on the Foreland (Moesian Platform). After this main episode of compression, excepting local thrusting in its easternmost part during the Oligocene, the frontal part of the belt was thought to be inactive. Since Late Eocene extension is the main form of deformation. The extension is spread between the Aegean subduction system to the south and the Moesian Platform (the southern edge of the Balkan Range) to the north. During the Neogene, extension has created numerous extensional continental basins (grabens) to the south of the Balkan Range. They occurred in several well distinguished consecutive stages of extension. Instead, to the north of the range was created the marine (Miocene) to brakish (Pliocene) basin which western part belonged to the Central Parathetys (Fore-Carpathian basin) and the eastern to the Eastern Parathetys (Euxinian) basin.
-
-
-
Tender Assist Drilling (TAD)
By A. ŞahinPlatform rig is an immobile offshore structure from which development wells are drilled and produced. The degree of a platform rig has an important effect in the field development cost. In offshore, development wells can be drilled by a giant platform rig that can also has production and processing facilities as well as living accommodations for the people. Alternatively, these functions may be conducted on different platforms that are much smaller than a giant platform. This can be achieved by using Tender Assist Drilling (TAD) which has a split drilling unit. The unit that is immobile is a fixed platform and the other unit is mobile that provides logistic to fixed platform. TAD system requires employing a Tender Support Vessel (TVS) during the drilling phase of a well development to provide drilling utilities to the platform drilling equipment package. In the first years of the TAD’s, barges mainly were used as tender to fixed platforms in shallow water and good weather conditions but, it was seen that they easily became inoperable and unsafe in deep water and rough weather. Alternatively, in 1980’s, the use of the tender assist barges in harsh weather, existing mobile offshore drilling units (MODU), Semi-submersible platforms, were converted to Semi-Submersible tender for fixed platform. This study aims to review tender assist drilling (TAD) and its applications in the world. Besides, my goal particularly is to present an application of tender assist drilling performed by Turkish Petroleum Corporation (TPAO) in Turkey. TPAO constructed a fixed platform in Akçakoca Natural Gas Development Field, Düzce and a tender assist barge was chosen for that fixed platform.
-
-
-
MWD&LWD and Stethoscope Applications for Subsea Wells
By F. DumanPore pressure modeling and understanding has great importance while drilling a wild cat well in deep offshore. Not only given fracture and leak off margin is so small, but also keeping well in optimum overbalance condition are vital for the safety. After BP’s Moconda incident in the Gulf of Mexico, now understanding of pore pressure regime as well as nature of the high pressure fluid while drilling becoming more and more critical especially in deep water where the riser and well control devices are apart few hundred meters. In addition deep water environment play its critical role being young deposits and buried not deep from the sea bed, and leak off margins are most of the time in “wellbore breathing” range. Phenomenon variously called “Breathing wellbore” or “Ballooning effect” is a result of slow mud returns while drilling ahead followed by mud returns after the pumps have been turned off, such as during a connection or flow check. Usullay any flows during these periods are cause for a concern as they may be due to influx of formation water, liquid hydrocarbon or gas. Any influx from the formation can result in a well control problem, the magnitude of which is dependent on its volume and composition. On the other hand lithologies under deepwater conditions usually show relatively reduced effective stress, due to reduced lithological column. This translates into narrow mud weight windows, driven mainly by shear failure or pore pressure in over pressured conditions, and by minimum horizontal stress gradients. Drilling operations should consider wellbore collapse, kick and losses as the primary hazards. These should be investigated and predicted during well planning, and should also be appropriately monitored during drilling.
-
-
-
Ultra-Deep Offshore Well Casing Design Process
By B. KayaelDrilling an ultra-deep water well is one of the most challenging tasks that an Exploration and Production Company can undertake. Not only are there technical, logistical and environmental issues, but the high operating costs makes every aspect of the well planning and execution process critical. As in any other well delivery process, the casing design is one of the most important deliverables as this will affect the lead time for procuring equipment, the most likely time estimate for drilling the well and finally the cost. The first step of casing design involves coming up with a robust conductor design as this is the main support structure for the well. Detailed bending studies should be carried out because it will carry hundreds of thousands of pounds. Secondly any possible shallow flow (shallow water and gas flow) should be considered which needs to be isolated by an additional casing string. Once initial studies are done for first two sections, rest of the well design will be mainly limited by pressure gradients (PP and FG). As rule of thumb in a hole section the pore pressure at section TD should not exceed last casing shoe’s fracture gradient. If this happens mud losses will occur which could become a costly event and lead to an influx or kick. To eliminate this risk a detailed PPFG study should be carried out by geological and geophysical experts, because this study will be the guide for planning engineers to make casing design. As nature of offshore environment, the higher the water column the slower the overburden gradient increases as depth increases. This will directly affect the fracture gradient and make it increase slowly also. In case of having any pressure ramp at pore pressure the gap between PP and FG will decrease significantly which will cause more casing or liner strings to be run. In Black Sea region the most complicated casing design up to now had 8 (eight) casing strings starting with 36” conductor and ending with a 7” production liner. The number of strings to be run is affected by geological properties of lithologies, pressure profile of the well and technical limitations. These factors should be examined in detail to make the casing design effective and suitable for well conditions.
-
-
-
A Study on the Mud Losses in the Ultra Deepwater Operations in Black Sea
By A. MazlumIn ultra deep offshore operations, one of the major problems during both well planning and drilling is that pore pressure and fracture pressure gradients are very close. As these gradients come closer, possibility of having losses while drilling increases. One of the important problems of Black Sea offshore operations was losses in which TPAO has one partnership and two operatorships. The mud weights that was considered as sufficient with respect to the expected pressure values exceeded the fracture pressure gradients, which led to revision on previous hydraulic programs. In order to stop those losses, as common in the industry, loss prevention chemicals were used. Moreover, the casing depths were changed after the real time pressure measurements. At first, losses were tired to be cured by monitoring the drilling parameters such as equivalent circulating density (ECD) and penetration rate (ROP) , which are fairly less easy and reduced in cost. Using synthetic or oil based mud in Black Sea should also be considered after experiencing the water based mud. In this study, mud losses; which is one of the major problems in Black Sea ultra deep water operations, will be presented by analyzing the drilling parameters, mud and formation properties.
-
-
-
General View of Oil Exploration-Production Sector in Turkey as a Field of Investment and Its Contribution to Economy
More LessFollowing 1963 when development plans first came to the agenda, unfortunately petroleum sector is not even mentioned in 1, II, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII. Development Plans. The sector is considered as a sub title of mining sector. This situation is a clear indication of viewing petroleum sector which plays an important role in the development of our country. [8] Recognition of the sector has started to be exercised with market laws enacted in 2001 and 2003; first market laws were enacted and sector is identified, and the remaining exploration and production sector has continued in its former position. It is necessary to view the subject in two main axes when examining the activities of exploration and production sector. First is the investments of the licensee which we call the owner of petroleum right, that is, the capital owner. The second is the activities of those producing the services within the licenses, that is, the activities of companies providing technical services. In this paper, 1. Structural changes, status of legislation, breakdown of the activities and the amounts of investments made in the scope of Foreign Direct Investor (FDI) from the point of domestic and foreign countries as of December 2009 in USD currency is examined within the section of historical processes of 1926-2010. 2. Contribution of the investments in the oil exploration and production sector to the country’s economy, comparison of the public and Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) from the point of investments, detailed activities and estimations against these investments, and as a result, reserves which are the assets, and production quantities of the actors of sector are put forth. 3. The factors which influence the investment activities, the reasons of insufficient investment in the sector, the structures and activities of companies operating depending on the competitive power of the sector are assessed concerning the status of the sector and the basins in our country for investment are determined. 4. Identifications and proposals that our country is not sufficiently explored, that there are still unexplored basins, that reserve quantity of 33 identified basins in our country may be around a magnitude of billion barrels, investment amount in 500 licensing for this purpose may sum up to about 20 billion dollars, the way of meeting such an amount as well as the matter of increasing the investments in the sectors are put forth. As a result; it is aimed with this paper to put forth the reality of the necessity to make much more investment because the investments made up to now hasn’t reached the desired level yet.
-
-
-
The Study on Petrophysical Properties of Zonguldak Formation Located in Black Sea Region by Using Well Logs
Authors N. Küçükkuş, T. Ayyıldız and Ö. ŞahintürkThe clastic levels of Zonguldak Formation penetrated by 3 wells drilled between Zonguldak- Amasra, which are located in the Western Black Sea Region, are the main topic of this research. The age of the Zonguldak Formation is Carboniferous. The Çakraz, Zonguldak and Alacaağzı Formations are penetrated in the studied wells. The unit largely consists of economic coalfields. In addition to the coalfields, the unit consists of sandstones, conglomerates and shales. The petropyhsical specifications are studied through using the log datas of Gamma Ray, Caliper, Sonic Interval Transit, Neutron, Bulk Density, Resistivity, and SP, which are taken from the 3 wells that penetrated the Zonguldak Formation. From the well logs, it is detected that there are sandstonesconglomerates, shale and coal as dominant lithology. In the X well which is evaluated through RHOB and PHIN together, 0.21-0.44% porosity rates are obtained in the sandstones between 1490-1530 metres. In the Y well, the datas are notably low excluding some levels which reach up to 0.3%. The values of 0,20-0,67% in the first 20 metres, 0,18-0,44% between 50-74 metres, 0.18-0.44% between 2400-2450 metres are obtained through the Sonic log datas in the Z well. According to the datas obtained, the potential of reservoir rocks in the Zonguldak Formation is poor in the studied wells.
-
-
-
Two Way Competition, Resource vs Market
By M. KorucuAs we all know, Turkey is in the proximity of two oil and gas rich regions, namely CIS and Middle East. Considerable volumes of those resources produced in these areas have already been contracted by the relevant resource rich countries. These countries are working on the alternative evacuation options for their remaining resources by considering an optimum balance between maksimizing the monetary values of their resources and keeping a political equilibrium among the major players. Having such vast resources, both areas are under close attention of major consumers, global players and other resource rich rivals. While the consumers are struggling for their energy security, sustainability and diversification, the rivals (other producers) are trying to increase their powerfull strategic position as a supplier and at least keep the current status quo of the energy dependency of the consumers. In this context, there are ongoing substantial bilateral and multilateral discussions among the regional / global players leading to important political developments in the region, which would also ultimately define the routes of the resources in line with the strategies of the relevant players.
-
-
-
Evaluation of Turkish Natural Gas Law and Applications
More LessIn the presentation, sector activities which are now dominated by private companies through licences issued by Energy Market Regulatory Authority are reviewed. Licences issued by Energy Market Regulatory Authority for import, export, wholesale, storage, transmission, CNG, distribution activities are considered in quantitative terms and from the point of ownership. The problems encountered due to implementation of Law No 4646 and limitation of activities of public companies are examined and changes planned to be made in Law No 4646 are evaluated. Proposals for forming a vertical integrated public structure in petroleum and natural gas sector are made. Proposals are made for changes in existing applications.
-
-
-
Design of an Ideal Petroleum Law: Economic Approach
By F. DemirmenPetroleum laws, otherwise known as “upstream fiscal systems” in the industry, are known to \frequently cause conflicts of interest between the host government and the contracting oil company. These conflicts arise after major changes in oil price, fiscal regime, or production rate. As a result, host governments frequently resort to revision of the fiscal system (in the “middle of the game”) to the displeasure of the contracting company; or the contracting company pleads for changes in the terms to accommodate “changing circumstances.” The petroleum law suffers instability, and neither the interests of the host government nor those of the contracting company are served. Such situations arise either from poor understanding of the objectives of a petroleum law or, more frequently, form insufficient flexibility of the petroleum law. Apart from generalities such as “meeting national interests,” an ideal petroleum law is one that: (1) encourages exploration, (2) promotes development of small as well as large petroleum reserves, (3) allows special incentives for difficult-to-explore or difficult-to-develop situations, and (4) enables equitable sharing of economic benefits between the host government and the contractor under different circumstances including oil-price and field or production outcomes. Equitable sharing of economic benefits is the most contentious issue. It is best judged from the relationship between the Government Take and the investor’s Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Equitable sharing will materialize if the Government Take and the contractor IRR show positive correlation under different scenarios of profitability. The best way to achieve an ideal petroleum law is through economic modeling. Economic models constructed to represent various scenarios, e.g., reserves, capex, oil price, can be evaluated under the proposed contractual terms. The inefficiencies can then be removed by adjusting the fiscal terms, e.g., income tax rate. The approach can be viewed as a form of fiscal simulation. The models should depict host-country situations (mainly “geology” and cost structure) as realistically as possible. The Production Sharing System, but not Royalty/Tax or Service System, is best suited for economic modeling to achieve flexibility. As an example, it will be shown that Turkey’s Draft Petroleum Law No. 5574 is economically inefficient, hence far from ideal.
-
-
-
The Petroleum Law/Regulation Systems of Turkey and the World and Its Importance
By N.Ö. ÇiftçiIn today’s world, the fierce competition witnessed in petroleum sector can only be coped with a petroleum policy and financial policy systems having well designed legal basis. The governments and the petroleum investors may achieve the development goals through long lasting and durable relations in a comprehensible, stable and reliable legal ground. Energy is the leading factor among the most important factors that determine a country’s economy, and the basic purpose of all these efforts is to carry the public welfare to the highest level by increasing the economic strength of the country. The day by day increase of energy requirement in our country, the global changes and the liberal market regulations as well as the requirement for determination of the players, rules, audit processes and the authorities during the process from exploration and production of Petroleum until it reaches to the consumer have revealed the need for introduction of a new legal regulation. In this context, understanding the legal development of the Petroleum Sector in our country and in the world is extremely important for comprehending the innovations experienced and for finding legal solutions to the problems encountered in the sector.
-
-
-
Some Suggestions with Regard to a New Turkish Petroleum Law
More LessNew Turkish Petroleum Draft Law numbered 5574 was prepared to change the existing Petroleum Law of 6326 with effective date of 1954 and with the reasoning of alignment with European Union acquis; exploration, development and production of Turkey’s petroleum resources in a fast, effective manner and in alignment with today’s market conditions. However, with the new proposed law, it seems unrealistic to reach the expected results while guarding the national interests; therefore, a hybrid model as used in some countries in the world is suggested. With this model, several suggestions are made with regard to: transparent, objective and competetive environment for licensing procedures in which only technically and financially pre-qualified companies participate; realization of significant exploration investments, auditing, and sanctions to be applied, in case of commercial discovery, sharing of the profit between the investor and the state fairly.
-
-
-
The Interpretation and Recommendations on the Draft Oil Law of # 5574
By O. KonyaThe maximum use of domestic resources and export goal of minimizing the import oil of the dependency have been discussed on different platforms and have long been trafficked. The underground resources as oil & gas occupy an important place in our natural resources. Exploration, production and marketing are in the scope of the regulations of the “oil law” which was about the spoken one of the topics and conversations during the past years but; the topics were squeezed between with the law currently in force dated 1954, No. 6326 and the draft oil law dated 2007, No.5574. Turkey’s oil activities; M.T.A. was played as a national company’s role until of the year 1954 and 1954 after this task is undertaken by T.P.A.O., with domestic and foreign private companies in the oil Law No. 6326 any oil-related activity was opened in front of. Naturally, from the international oil/gas agreements the expectation of the parties is to obtain profit. To maximize the resources of the Government with the national values, private oil companies (domestic-foreign) will want to obtain the maximum profit. If the private companies have low vision on profit, or who are seeing their detachment from making investment, they should be far away from investment. In this context; with the changes in the oil law to be made public in the industry thought and needs to be analyzed in conjunction with the reorganization of the national company. This study of the Oil with the law dated 1954, No. 6326 and 2007, No. 6326 Draft Oil Law that in the case of contradictions and restructuring of the TPAO’s are discussed.
-
-
-
Turkey and the European Union’s Fuel Prices and Taxes
By Ü. AydınTurkey and the European Union’s Fuel Prices and Taxes Turkey’s economic development within the basic entries is among the energy sources of oil which is expected to continue the importance of maintaining the position today and in the future. Oil and products meet 30% of the need for energy of the country which are used from production to consumption. We import almost 100% of the consumption and the domestic oil prices has been affected in the same way leading to movements in world oil prices, according to the fall of world oil prices in 2010, comparison to 2009, the pump prices was not fallen by the same amount in Turkey as a controversy. The pump prices of oil products are mostly consisted of taxes, oil and oil product prices are affected as well as the exchange rates in the world prices and refinery output prices of fuel products, Special consumption tax (PCT) and obtained through value added tax (VAT). In this study; fuel pump sales prices in our country, analysis of PCT and VAT and our country’s tax revenues from fuel taxes is compared and searched with the EU countries. The fuel prices in Turkey are quite high compared to in EU countries.
-