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IPTC 2012:International Petroleum Technology Conference
- Conference date: 07 Feb 2012 - 09 Feb 2012
- Location: Bangkok, Thailand
- Published: 07 February 2012
1 - 100 of 358 results
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Investigation of Pore-Scale dispersion in Polymer Flooding
Authors Junjian LI, Hanqiao JIANG and Yuzhang LIULocal displacement in polymer flooding is significantly affected by mixing taking place in the medium. Despite decades of
research on mixing and dispersion, there remain questions about the amount of mixing occurring at pore-scale, especially for
non Newtonian fluid. This study has investigated the local mixing experimentally as well as computationally.
Tracer dispersion in Newtonian and shear-thinning fluids flowing through sand pack has been carried out experimentally
using classical transmission dispersion. Transmission dispersion increases markedly with the shear thinning index of the fluid
at all Peclet numbers.
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First Time Application of Stand Alone Screens with Sliding Sleeves in the Giant Mangala Field, Rajasthan India
Authors Chetan Chavan, Andrew Wenk, Tim McKenzie and Rohit TandonThis paper describes the first time sel ection and successful application of Sliding Sleeve Sand Scree ns in the
open hole completions of the giant Ma ngala field situated in the Barmer Basin in Raja sthan, India which holds
~1.2 billion barrels (bbls) of oil in place.
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Practical Consideration on Operations and Production Management through the deployment of Inflow Control Devices for Horizontal Wells, Bouri Field, Libya
Horizontal well drilling traditionally helps to improve the oil recovery and avoid problems of premature gas/water
breakthrough. In Bouri field, offshore Libya, the main concern of the operator was to establish an advanced method of
controlling gas and water encroachment in a fractured carbonate reservoir characterized by high vertical permeability.
This paper describes the first Inflow Control Device (ICD) installation for Mellitah Oil & Gas, and the first such application
in Libya. It was an integral part of a well completion aimed at evenly distributing inflow in a horizontal well, and at limiting
the negative effects after occurrence of expected gas breakthrough.
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Effect of EOR technology on Wettability and Oil Recovery of Carbonate and Sandstone Formation
Authors Abdulrazag Y. Zekri, Mohamed Nasr and Zaid Al-ArabaiModification of injection water salinity to improve oil recovery is not a new idea and the process has been investigated as far
back as the 70’s prior to the use of other chemical processes to improve oil recovery. In practice in planning water flooding
project oil companies focused only on the compatibility of injection water and formation water issue to eliminate any
possibility of formation damage. Many investigators recently had focused their research on the role of water salinity alteration
to improve oil recovery. A number of possible mechanisms concerning alteration of water flooding salinity have been
proposed in the literature.
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Bayesian Algorithm Opens Way to Wellbore Stability
More LessBreakouts provide valuable information with respect to evaluation of maximum horizontal stress magnitude and also
verification of the geomechanical model built for a field. Caliper and image logs are routinely used to identify borehole
enlargement. However, these methods are limited in their applications in many instances. In addition, good quality image logs
are not usually available in old fields. This led to the need for development of a new approach to identify borehole breakouts.
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Modelling of Asphaltene Precipitation and Deposition during WAG Application
Authors Ahmad Khanifar, Birol Demiral and Nasir DarmanAsphaltene precipitation and deposition from reservoir fluids during oil production life is a serious problem that can cause
plugging in the formation, wellbore and production facilities. Precipitation and deposition may occur during primary
production, during the displacement of reservoir oil by Co2, hydrocarbon gas or WAG application.
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Application of New Hole Cleaning Optimization Method within All Ranges of Hole Inclinations
Authors M. Mohammadsalehi and N. MalekzadahDuring drilling operation, as inclination of well deviates from zero degree in vertical parts to 90 degree in horizontal and
extended reach wells, hole cleaning and cutting removal condition imposes more influence on drilling performance and
encountering associated problems with poor hole cleaning. Some models have been developed to predict the minimum flow
rate required to clean the hole, such as Larsen's model, which works within inclinations from 55 to 90 degree.
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Breaking Oil Recovery Limit in Malaysian Thin Oil Rim Reservoirs: Water Injection Optimization
Authors Keng Seng Chan, Azmukiff M.Kifli and Nasir DarmanThe goal of an oil field development project is to accelerate the hydrocarbon production and maximize the recovery
at a lowest cost. For a thin oil rim reservoir with a large gas cap on top and a strong aquifer below, achieving such
goal can be very challenging since recovery of both oil and gas shall be maximized. A successful project shall
entail plan first to accelerate the oil production maximizing the oil recovery prior to the gas cap blow-down.
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Optimizing Underbalanced Perforation Performance, a New Model to Precise Adjustments of Downhole Condition
Authors Mehdi Mohammadsalehi, Hamidreza Saghafi and Mehdi TeymaarishamasbiPerforating creates a low-permeability crushed zone in the formation around the perforating tunnels that also constitutes a
flow restriction, which can impair the well's productivity or injectivity. A precisely designed underbalanced perforation job
could effectively minimize or remove perforation damages and thus optimizes the production rate.
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Experimental and Analytical Studies on Permeability Reduction of Coal Seam by CO2 Injection
Authors Ferian Anggara, Kyuro Sasaki and Yuichi SugaiPermeability of coal seam have a strong effect on CO2 Enhanced Coal Bed Methane Recovery(CO2-ECBMR) project. In
particular, qualification of permeability reduction due to coal matrix swelling is a key parameter to control CO2 injection
and the project sustainability. Swelling experiments using visualization method were conducted. Crushed samples from
Indonesia Low Rank Coal (LRC) were used and the experiments were carried out up to 10 MPa at 48° C temperature,
resulting CO2 in the supercritical conditions that more appropriate for CO2 injection in the field. Coal swelling which was
represent by upward surface movement of column was assumed as total expanded volume for each particle. With this
assumption, crushed samples were modeled like block coal samples. For three coal samples, the maximum expanded volume
due to the swelling by CO2 adsorption has been evaluated as 0.03 at 10 MPa pressure. Since the swelling results were very
comparable to others, this method has more advantage in term of sample preparation and experiment work compare to block
coal.
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Reconstruction of Relative Sea Level for Burgan-Wara Complex in Greater Burgan Field using an Innovative Approach
Authors Bashar Al-Enezi, Kishore Burman, Kalyan Datta, Erwan Le Guerroué and Jean-Michel FilakThe Albian Cenomanian sea level curve is fairly understood, at the 3rd order, inthe Middle East region. We present here an exhaustive stratigraphic framework for
the Burgan, Mauddud and Wara formations of the Greater Burgan field of Kuwait thatis constrained in terms of accommodation depth of deposition and then
relativebase level variation.28 stratigraphic sequences (of 4th order) are recognized and propagated over 45cored wells throughout the entire field. Each of these
sequences is characterizedin terms of sedimentary facies and fossil / ichnofossils content from detailedcore description.For each sequence, an accommodation
depth of deposition is then assigned takinginto consideration facies changing along the slope of the basin.
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Operational QA/QC: What You See is Not Necessarily What You Get
Authors M. Rylance and W. J. GiffinOne of the principle constraints to successful fracturing and stimulation, outside North America and a few select regions;
remains the very poor QA/QC that is unfortunately the industry yardstick in low volume areas. This paper will describe a
rigorous approach to the operational QA/QC which allows an operator to: provide assurance on the ability to effectively
perform a treatment, maximise the opportunity for a successful intervention, ensure efficient delivery of data and minimise
the overall costs.
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An Original Technique to Characterize Naturally Fractured Reservoirs fromPressure Transient Analyses
More LessThis new technique is introduced to characterize all kinds of naturally fractured (secondary porosity) reservoirs, including
carbonates, basements, and clastics on the Megascopic scale of well testing delineation. The technique is based on an original
view of pressure transient data (buildup). In fact, this technique bridges between the Macro, Meso, and Megascopic scales of
reservoir characterizations.
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Skin Calculation and Other Applications with New Sonic Measurement in the Gulf of Thailand
Authors Long Jiang and Suwit PabchandaSince the first sonic logging tool used for the petroleum industry in 1950s, we have seen many generations of acoustic
measurements. The hardware and software changes made over the decades focused mainly on the improvements of
compressional and shear measurements which are one dimensional in the near-wellbore region. To understand the complicated
reservoirs today, there is a need to look at the compressional and shear slowness in three dimensions.
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International LNG Prospects 2011 and Beyond
Authors Chau Tran, Bruce Cassidy, Marisa Pierce, Xiuli Wang and Michael J. EconomidesBy far, the most important recent development in the state of international liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade has been the
collapse of natural gas prices following the economic crisis of 2008. Prices for LNG have dropped from over $12/MMBtu to
less than $8/MMBtu in the traditional markets of Asia and as low as $4/MMBtu in the United States. This situation has been
discouraging new LNG developments.
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Perturbation of Homogeneous Thermal Conductivity Distribution in Some Carbonates by Stylolites
More LessStylolites are partings within rocks that exhibit complex mutual column and socket interdigitization. These features can exhibit
pronounced roughness on several scales. Stylolites, under deep-burial conditions, could permit circulation of undersaturated
fluids and become reservoirs allowing also deep commercial gas production. However, the impact of stylolites on variations in
thermal conductivity in carbonates is not well-known. This study was undertaken to investigate the heterogeneity in thermal
conductivity in a variety of carbonate specimens containing different types of stylolites.
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Natural Gas Hydrates as an Energy Source - Revisited
Authors Xiuli Wang and Michael J. EconomidesThe success of shale gas, mostly resulting from the deployment of technology to an energy source that was known but
considered until recently inaccessible, has rekindled, by analogy, an interest in natural gas hydrates whose volume dwarfs any
other energy source on earth.
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A Novel Approach To Effluent Treatment In Gas-To-Liquid (GTL)
More LessStringent environmental regulations and higher costs of effluent treatments in oil and gas process industries have necessitated
research into ways to improve the operating procedures in effluent treatment plant.
In Gas-to-liquid (GTL) plant, a significant quantity of reaction water is produced and various chemicals are used as
intermediate treatment chemicals. The reaction water is contaminated by these chemicals which impair the pH and the related
properties of the water. The pH has to be controlled before the water is re-used or released to the environment.
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Deep Fluid Diversion for Profile Control and Oil Displacement Technologies
Authors Liu He and Xu HanbingThrough 50 years of water injection production, Daqing Oilfield has developed matched chemical and mechanical zonal
injection and production technologies. However, due to residue oil scattering here and there, and serious low effective and
non-effective circulations happening in high watercut period, the existing profile modification system can hardly meet
reservoir requirements. In later high watercut stage, to enhance water flooding recovery rate is our new challenge. Based on
profile control technology, we’ve developed low cost, long efficiency deep fluid conversion profile control and oil
displacement technologies, and high efficiency fine control water injection technologies, which contribute to the accuracy of
water injection, and recovery rate rise of 2-3% in reservoirs with watercut above 90%.
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Advances in Subsea Wet Gas Compression Technologies
Authors Mads Hjelmeland, Arne B. Olsen and Rudi MarjohanSubsea pumping- and metering represent technologies which may contribute to simplifying and enabling developments of
marginal, and remotely located oil & gas fields. The Asia Pacific region has already seen several subsea implementations of
the multiphase technologies over the last years which include both subsea boosting- and metering. The multiphase
technologies are particularly suitable for offshore- and subsea operations, and offer the operators a cost- effective solution.
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Measuring and Controlling Torsional Vibrations and Stick-Slip in a Viscous-Damped Drillstring Model
Authors E. Omojuwa, S. Osisanya and R. AhmedFailure of drillstring components due to torsional stresses are caused by torsional vibrations. This paper
investigates the response of the drillstring to torsional vibrations through analysis on an elemental stepped-shaft
drillstring model in a damped medium. The paper directs its analysis to the stick-slip motion which is the most
common form of torsional vibrations in drillstrings; stick-slip motion is defined as the continuous stopping and
release of the bit/BHA due to the irregular downhole rotation prompted by the existing relationship between the
frictional torque and the torque applied from the surface to free the bit.
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Developing New Petroleum Engineers in a Non-Operating Environment
Authors M.I.B. Ibrahim, A.I. Almuhanna and K. Amiri-GarroussiThe paper will briefly explain aspe cts of career development for a new young engineering graduate to become a
petroleum engineer in an international subsidiary of a National Oil Company in a non-operating environment.
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Effects of Syn-depositional Tectonics on Platform Geometry and Reservoir Characters in Miocene Carbonate Platforms of Central Luconia, Sarawak
Authors Ting King King, Bernard J. Pierson, Omar Al-Jaaidi and Paul HagueIt is commonly assumed that the Miocene carbonate platforms of Central Luconia, Sarawak developed and grew on a stable
substratum. This paper documents evidence of syn-depositional tectonic movements in the ‘Mega Platform’ in the northern
part of the Central Luconia Basin. Detailed 3D seismic interpretation techniques consisting of spectral decomposition,
acoustic impedance opacity rendering, and structurally oriented semblance filtering were used to better constrain geological
processes affecting, controlling and modifying the evolution and demise of the platform.
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First Application of Gasified Fluid Drilling in Pakistan
Authors Muhammad Asrar and Shahid MajeedThis paper presents the planning phase, operational results and future recommendations of first well d rilled with
Gasified Fluid Drilling technique in Pakistan.
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Leveraging Emerging Technologies to Increase Production from Unconventional Reservoirs: Case Study of India
Authors Yogesh Kumar Choudhary and Arunesh KumarWith a sustained growth rate of 6.2%, India is set to become the third largest economy following the USA and Chinaby 2035.
In accordance with the growth rate, it is estimated that India's import dependence is likely to increase from the current level
of 72% to approximately 90% by 2035. With a large dependency on imports to meet commercial energy requirements, the
demand/supply gap in oil and gas in Indiawill inevitably grow.Unconventional energy resources are becoming increasingly
more important in the quest for energy security because of the continuing decline of production from proven reserves (4 to
6% decline has been observed in mature fields), accompanied by the increasing price of crude oil and natural gas. Potential
sources of unconventional energyin India, proven or speculated, are coalbed methane (CBM), shale oil/gas, tight gas, and gas
hydrates.
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Monobore Solid Expandable Liners – Redesigning Wells for a More Economical and Operational Benefit
Authors Asim Siddiqui and Patrick YorkSolid expandables liners have historically been viewed as contingency liners when operators encounter trouble zones, whether
due to setting a conventional casing string high or covering unstable or loss of circulation zones or to improve drilling
margins. In that event, the method of operation changes from drilling the well to saving it and still reaching total depth (TD)
with the designed production string. At this point the expandable liner typically is run in a high-risk situation when the
operator is attempting to save the well. It is more beneficial to design expandable system(s) in a hole section further up the
wellbore where the liner would be run in a much lower risk environment.
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Optimized Planning and Placement of Horizontal Wells Improved Well Productivity and Controlled Water Cut in Umm Gudair Field, Kuwait
Authors T.K. Banerjee, Eman H.E.Fadli, Fazal Ahmed, T. Al-Khalifa and Nasser FaisalMinagish Oolite reservoir of Umm Gudair field, West Kuwait is a cretaceous carbonate reservoir having active
aquifer support. Maintaining plateau rate of production with infill drilling is constrained by increasing water cut due
to absence of effective stratified layers. Many of the traditional water shut off techniques and selective perforations
were partially successful in delaying upward movement of water in wells. But the recent horizontal drilling activity
initiated in past 6 years has improved productivity and reduced water cuts in wells.
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Burgan Multilateral Campaign: A Success Story in Development of a Complex Siliciclastis Reservoir in Kuwait
The multilateral well technology was used for the first time in Albian Third Sand reservoir of the super-giant Greater Burgan
Field of Kuwait. The reservoir is on production for more than 60 years with conventional development techniques. The
multilateral drilling technology was adopted particularly for exploiting the heterogeneous and complex units within Third Sand
Upper member of Burgan Formation.
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Extending Formation Tester Performance to a Higher Temperature Limit
Exploration and development wells are increasingly drilled to deeper depths and lower porosities, in hotter formations.
These conditions increase the challenges for Formation Tester’s (FT’s) to acquire accurate formation pressures in a timely
and cost efficient manner. One of the most important constraints on current FT acquisition is the downhole formation
temperature.
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Experiment and Simulation of Indigenous Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (IMEOR)
More LessUnder the laboratory simulation of HTHP reservoir (65
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Combining Conventional and Wireline Formation Testing for Improved Reservoir Characterization
Authors S. Ramaswami, H. Elshahawi and A. El BattawyWell testing has long been a valuable tool for the petroleum industry. The practice continues to be widely used today, but an
increasing number of situations arise in which conventional well tests can be impractical due to cost, logistical or
environmental constraints. For instance, in Arctic areas, weather conditions may dictate a time window beyond which
operations must cease. In such cases, a wireline formation tester (WFT) test may present a viable alternative to acquire
formation fluid samples and pressure transient data (WFT-PTA).
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Improving SAGD Performance Combining with CSS
Authors E. Ghanbari, S. Mighani, E. Shaabani and R. Alipour Yeganeh MarandThere are large resources of heavy oil reservoir with high viscosity that cannot be produced by natural depletion. The main
obstacle to produce from these large deposits of heavy oil and bitumen resources is the high viscosity of these oils. This large
amount of oil can be produced considerably by thermal EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) methods. The Steam Assisted Gravity
Drainage (SAGD) and Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS) process has been found as a promising EOR process to recover
bitumen and heavy oils.
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Application of Permanent Reservoir Monitoring Data (DTS* & PDG*) in a Mature Offshore Malaysian Oilfield, for Production Optimisation and Workover Control
Authors K.F. Gordon Goh, M.Z. Zaini, T.K. M.Gee, P. A. Whitney, A. S. Molavi and M.M. SalimPermanent Downhole Reservoir Monitoring and Surveillance is becoming fundamental for optimal reservoir management,
without the requirement to re-enter the well. In order to identify zonal allocation from multi layer reservoirs, DTS and zonal
PDG data have been integrated to provide a cost effective alternative to conventional wireline logging (e.g. PLT), thereby
mitigating oil deferment and intervention risks.
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Avoiding Sustained Casing Pressure in Gas wells using Self Healing Cement
Khuff gas reservoir is one of the most challenging gas fields in the Middle East; in the past several wells suffered from
sustained casing pressure due to the downhole stresses and other contributing factors.
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A Reservoir Management Tool for an Omani Fractured Carbonate Reservoir: A Case Study
More LessThis paper presents a case study of developing a reservoir management tool (a water coning
correlation) to monitor the oil rim thickness and position in a giant densely fractured carbonate
reservoir in Northern Oman. The production mechanism in the field is Gas Oil Gravity Drainage
(GOGD), with crestal gas injection to maintain the reservoir pressure and dedicated aquifer pumpoff
wells to control the oil rim position.
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Exposure to Phosphate-based Completion Brine under HPHT Laboratory Conditions Causes Significant Gas Permeability Reduction in Sandstone Cores
More LessHigh-density potassium phosphate and potassium/cesium formate brines were tested in an advanced core flood test rig for their
compatibility with low-permeability sandstone containing simulated formation water under HPHT conditions. The tests were
carried out at a temperature of 175oC (347 oF) and pore pressure of 5,800 psi. Compatibility was determined by comparing the
relative gas permeability of the cores before and after exposure to the brines under HPHT conditions.
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How New Measurement, Tomographic and Visualisation Techniques Help Operators Improve Recovery in Older and Smaller Fields
More LessTwo of the biggest challenges operators face today is improving recovery from older fields; and making smaller
fields economically viable. Today more than 70% of oil and gas production comes from fields over 30 years old
and in regions, such as the North Sea, there has been a proliferation of smaller, producing fields.
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Integrated Reservoir Characterization And Development Through An Improved Workflow Approach To Couple A Three Dimensional Seismic Study Results And Reservoir Numerical Simulation: Revealing The Effect Of Structural Features In La Victoria Field
Authors K. Castillo, M. C. Urdaneta and Y. AskoulA detailed seismic interpretation for reservoir characterization is a powerful tool to obtain information in the interwell
area for the purposes of field m anagement and development. This paper presents a workflow approach to
characterize La Victoria Field reservoirs, which belongs to Apure State in the Southwest of Venezuela, particularly
Escandalosa M Sand of Escandalosa Formation. The available 3D seismic data have been used to predict smallscale
faults as well as presence of internal compartments where undrained zones or bypassed oil might be located
in a mature oilfield. Additionally, reservoir engineering techniques as numerical simulation helped to verify reservoir
parameters estimated by history match ing in a black oil simulator, such as the sealing character of some faults,
identified from seismic interpretation.
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Structural Reliability: Assessing the Condition and Reliability of Casing in Compacting Reservoirs
Authors Prasongsit Chantose, Paolo Gardoni, Jerome Schubert and Catalin TeodoriuCasing has a higher likelihood of failure in compacting reservoir than in a typical reservoir. Casing fails because reservoir
compaction induces compression and shear stresses onto it. The compaction occurs as reservoir pressure depletes during
production. High compacted reservoirs typically are composed of unconsolidated, overpressured rocks such as chalk,
diatomite, and sandstone. Pore pressure depletion increases effective stress, which is the rock matrix stress pushing upward
against overburden pressure. Effective stress may exceed rock compressive strength, inducing compaction. Wells in
compacting reservoirs are likely to fail and to have high deformation rates.
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A Combination of Perforating Technologies to Maximize Well Productivity and Minimize Rig Time
Authors Nishant Chadha, Carlos Baumann, Harvey Williams and Ryosuke YokoteIn this paper we describe the challenges and the techniques used to deliver zero perforation skin wells in the
Blacktip gas field offshore Australia. We describe the software models used to evaluate both the well perforation design and
the operational risks, and the approach used to reduce rig time. Software modelling based on historical experimental data and
newly developed rock perforating models, showed that cleanup with dynamic underbalance would deliver the highest well
productivity. Minimum rig time utilization was achieved with wireline conveyed guns.
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Effective Permeability 3D Model Unlock the Uncertainty Production in Low Perm Fluvial-deltaic Reservoirs, Nilam Field, Kutai Basin, Indonesia
Authors Jose Benito Corbellini, Ratno Adi, I Made Sutha, Luhut Gultom, D. Hazman and Amireno SoenoroNilam Field is located in Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, which even more than 40 years of exploitation, these fluvial
deltaic reservoirs, of age Early-Middle Miocene, still have significant reserves of gas, that occur in poor quality reservoir rocks
in structural, stratigraphic or combination traps, that were not entirely examined. This case history describes some works
carried out in this field over these low permeability reservoirs, locally known as G's sandstones, in order to understand the root
of the erratic production results, evaluate the formation damage, identify the potential areas and present the right solution for
recovering the undeveloped accumulations.
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Reducing Safety Incidents While Lifting and Handling Drilling Jars: A Case Study
Authors Chad D. Evans, P.E. Rienk Reitsma and Euan RamsayThe handling of drilling jars can present safety hazards when they are being serviced, transported, loaded or
unloaded, handled on the rig floor, run in hole or racked in the derrick. Dangers are especially prevalent if the drilling jar is
not equipped with a mechanical locking device. These tools present a potential hazard to personnel because of the possibility
of inadvertently activating the jar.
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Hydrogen Imbalance in Petroleum Source
More LessThe average molar hydrogen concentration relative to carbon is always higher in petroleum than the source organic matter
and thus it becomes a serious concern for the theory of organic origin. On the other hand, abiogenic theory of petroleum
generation do not have this problem because hydrogen is available even deep inside the earth either due to serpentinization or
by chemical reactions of freshly cut ferromagnesian mineral surface with water.
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Enhancing the Interpretation of Rift Structures in Sudan Using AVO Analysis and Seismic Inversion
Authors Mohamed Mahgoub and Eswaran PadmanabhanUncertainty in structural complexities and rock heterogeneities is a major challenge that controls oil exploration
and drilling operations in the rift basins of Sudan.
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Inferring Reservoir Interwell Dynamic Connectivity Based On Signal Processing Method
Authors Jian Hou, Zhenquan Li, Yejun Liu, Yanhui Zhang, Chuanfei Wang and Fuquan LuoA reservoir can be considered as a complete system, which includes injectors, producers and the flow channels between them.
Injection rate is a stimulus of the system while produced rate is a response. However, there are time lag and attenuation
occurring between stimulus and response, because of the influence of reservoir porous media.
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Utilising GHV Management in Field Development Planning
Authors C. Wiboonkij-Arphakul, Ing Jye Tsai and C. JablownowskiThis paper discusses the challenges of integrating into an existing gas field a marginal field with poor gas quality that would
otherwise be left stranded.
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Exploiting the Synergies by Combining Multilateral Well Intervention Techniques with Real Time Downhole Measurements - Lessons Learned from Trilateral Horizontal Well Stimulation in the Partitioned Zone
Authors Jamal Al-Rubaiyea, Adel Attiea, Fahad S. Al-Hadyani, Ikhsan Nugraha and Zafer ErkolMultilateral wells pose a unique challenge to operators when planning for any intervention. Correctly accessing and
uniformly acidizing all laterals continues to be chall enging. While lack of reli able downhole data and knowl edge
about naturally fractured zones or po or correlation between porosity and permeability in carbonates limit the
effectiveness of a stimulation treatment; sometimes the inability to access all laterals even prevents the lateral from
being acidized at all. These limitations in acidizing, therefore, provide lower than expected gains.
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Implementation of Next Generation Intelligent Downhole Production Control in Multiple Dipping Sandstones Reservoirs, Offshore East Malaysia
The ‘S’ field, located offshore East Malaysia, consists of multiple-dipping heterogeneous sandstone reservoirs with
unconsolidated formation. These multi-stacked reservoirs have an overall 40m thick oil column with marginal Oil-Initial-In-
Place (OIIP). A large gas cap, i.e. twice the OIIP equivalent, also exists. Scenarios of zonal gas-out leaving huge oil bypass
and moderate aquifer strength with inevitable water invasion cautioned the asset team to consider intelligent zonal flow
control especially in its horizontal producing wells.
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Performance Evaluation And Mechanism Analysis Of HPAM Solution With Broad-distribution Relative Molecular Mass
Authors Xiangguo Lu, Huanjun Liu, Shuxia Wang and Xiaoyan WangBroad distribution relative molecular weight HPAM (“B-HPAM” for short) was produced by mixing with three kinds of
different HPAM at different weight ratios, whose viscosity-average molecular weight were 19×106, 25×106, 35×106,
respectively. During the chemical flooding stage, the small flow resistance in high permeability formation led the HPAM
solution to flow through easily. Firstly the larger polymer clews absorbed in the larger pore throat and then the smaller clews
absorbed in the smaller pore throat. Enlarged the swept volume and enhanced oil recovery. Therefore, it was a promising
profile control method.
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Multi-Azimuth, Coil Shooting And Dual Sensor Streamer Acquisition: Step Change Seismic Imaging Results In Deep Water Indonesia
Authors M. Buia, E. Tozzi, A. Ravasio and P. BrownWhile wide-azimuth seismic surveys represent a routine in land environments, in marine environments things go differently.
Conventional offshore 3D acquisition is still being performed mainly using narrow azimuth streamer configurations, even in
structurally complex areas. Attempts at breaking this paradigm have been recently made by the industry with good results,
through the acquisition of some unconventional “Multi Azimuth” (MAZ), “Wide Azimuth” (WAZ), “Rich Azimuth” (RAZ)
and Coil Shooting marine surveys. Here we are presenting planning, acquisition and processing results of the advanced marine
surveys, a Multi-Azimuth and a Coil shooting (Full azimuth), recently acquired by Eni e&p in Indonesia. We are also
presenting a 2D test and successive 3D acquisition of a broad bandwidth (dual sensor) seismic in West Timor area, aimed at
exploiting sub thrust geology. At the end we demonstrate that advanced acquisition techniques effectively provide improved
geophysical images and more geological insight for exploration compared to traditional techniques.
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Reservoir Fluid Sampling of a Wide Spectrum of Fluid Types Under Different Conditions: Issues, Challenges, and Solutions
More LessReservoir fluid PVT is the basis for efficient reservoir development plans, appropriate facilities, and plant design and
operation and plays a vital role throughout the production life of the reservoir. Acquisition of representative high quality insitu
reservoir fluid samples is the first step in this process and requires special attention. The challenges of acquiring
representative samples depend on a number of factors, including the type of the fluid being sampled, the initial reservoir
conditions, and the formation properties.
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The Socioeconomic Repercussions of Achieving Energy Independence
By L.A. AlcoserThis paper presents an innovative technique for the analysis and evaluation of the benefit realized to a country’s economy
based on achieving energy independence. Noble Energy has recently discovered and is currently developing a substantial
natural gas find located offshore Israel. Israel has previously had no petroleum presence and has had to solely rely on energy
rich neighbors for energy. Noble Energy’s find and subsequent development is of such magnitude that Israel is poised to
transition directly from entirely energy dependent to energy independent.
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Evaluation of Time-Domain Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Method for Detecting Hydrocarbon Targets in East Malaysia Environment
The time-domain Controlled Sou rce Electromagnetic (tCSEM) method is emerging as a practical tool fo r oil an d
gas exploration on land and shallow marine environments (Wright et al., 2 002; Ziolkowski et al., 2 007). In
particular, it can overcome the airwave interference problem faced by frequency-domain CSEM method in shallow
water (Weiss, 2007).
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A New Method to Identify Proppant Location in Induced Fractures
Authors Robert J. Duenckel, Harry D. Smith Jr., JiangPing Hao, DaKang Gao, Terry Palisch and Xiaogang HanA new technique is discussed and tested in this work for proppant placement determination. A high thermal neutron capture
compound (HTNCC) is inseparably incorporated into a ceramic proppant during manufacturing in sufficiently low
concentration that it does not affect proppant properties. Proppant is detected using standard compensated neutron tools or
pulsed neutron tools, with detection based on the high thermal neutron absorptive properties of the compound relative to
downhole constituents. Compared to the traditional radioactive tracer (RA) techniques, the new detectable proppant is not
radioactive so there are no HSE or regulatory issues. Additionally, since the high thermal neutron absorbing compound is
placed in the proppant during the process of manufacturing, there is no requirement for special handling or mixing processes
at the well site.
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From Core to Geomodel Integrated Reservoir Characterization: Example of a Carbonate Gas Field
Authors Michel REBELLE, Fabrice COCHET, Christine DUVAL, Bruno CALINE, Cédric MABILLE and Claude GAPILLOUA carbonate gas field is presently described throughout an integrated study from sedimentary context to geological
model.
Petro-Geological Groups (PGG), integrated combination of sedimentology, diagenesis, petrophysics and log
responses, are supporting the maps and trends for the geomodel population.
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Development and Performance of an Eco-Friendly Cross-Linked Polymer System for Water Shut-Off Technique
Authors Baisali Sengupta and V.P.Sharma and G. UdayabhanuExcessive water production is a serious issue to be dealt with during oil production from reservoirs. The use of gel as the
water shutoff agent has been widely reported in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) for the development of mature oil fields.
Polymer gels are used successfully in many reservoirs all over the world, but the problem lies in finding the suitable and
economical polymer for the harsh reservoir conditions of high temperatures and salinity.
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Oil and Condensate Types in Cenozoic Basins Offshore Vietnam: Composition and Derivation
Authors H.I. Petersen, H.P. Nytoft, M.B.W. Fyhn, N.T. Dau, H.T. Huong, J.A. Bojesen-Koefoed and L.H. NielsenThe Vietnamese shelf contains several petroleum-producing Cenozoic rift basins, including the Song Hong, Cuu Long, Nam
Con Son, and Malay-Cho Thu basins. This study describes geochemical data of oils and condensates from these basins,
including new data from the Song Hong and Malay-Tho Chu basins, and demonstrates the variability in composition and
source of the petroleum.
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Growth and Demise of Neogene Central Vietnamese Carbonate Platforms: The Effect of South China Sea-Opening and Onshore Uplift
Authors Michael B. Fyhn, Lars H. Nielsen and Henrik I. PetersenNeogene carbonate platforms cover as much as 70,000 km2 of the central Vietnamese South China Sea margin.
The margin is little explored, and so far, exploration has focussed on Miocene carbonates with a number of oil and
gas discoveries made. Carbonate growth initiated during the Early Miocene following Eocene-Oligocene
continental rifting. Early carbonate deposition took place on two regional platforms separated by a narrow
depression that marks the trail of the East Vietnamese Boundary Fault Zone (EVBFZ).
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The Pulse Water Injection Research and Application in Offshore Oilfield
Authors Wang Yunxian, Liu Ming, Yang Qinghong, Feng Xin, Zhou Tiyao, Wang Lirong, Li Tingli, Zhang Jianmin, Zhang Lan, Hu Young, Zhai Guangfu, Liu Peng and Li FenghuiIn this paper, the pulse water injection, one of green and cheap EOR techniques, is achieved by simply changing the water
injection intensity and sequence. The factor sensitive analysis is made by 2-D&3-D reservoir mechanism simulation model.
Based on the mechanism simulation model, the influence factors of pulse water injection are studied.
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Evolution of Geosteering Technology Helped in Successive Development of a Brown Field - Case Study from Mumbai High
Authors S.K. Anand, J. Kumbhar, U. Singh, C. Majumdar and J. SinghMumbai High, a highly heterogeneous multi-layered carbonate sequence with shale intercalation, played a critical
role to quench the energy thirst of a big developing country like India. Mumbai High field is divided into two blocks
i.e., Mumbai High North (MHN) and Mumbai High South (MHS) by a major WNW-ESE trending graben containing
impermeable shale.
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Ensuring Global Offshore Workforce Safety and Competence by Integrating National Regulatory Frameworks with International Industry Standards
More LessGovernments of develo ping oil a nd gas provinces are committed to en sure that their nati ons maximise all the
benefits of b eing a hydrocarbon producing country. They seek to be progressive where best practice in skills,
qualifications and workforce development is adopted. They seek global recognition for their commitment to building
a safe and skilled workforce for their oil and gas industry using world class standards.
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Validating of Reservoir Connectivity and Compartmentalization Through the Use of the CO2 Compositional Gradient, Mass Transportation Simulation, and Asphaltene Analysis
More than 40% of the world's conventional gas reserves are in reservoirs that contain significant amounts of H2S and CO2.
The presence of these gases results in a number of challenges for the Field Development Plan (FDP). For a field with multiple
fault blocks with unknown fault transmissivity, a key challenge is to understand the field connectivity and
compartmentalization which impacts the ability to drain the reserves.
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Well Productivity Prediction for Laminated Reservoirs Using Borehole Electrical Image Logs
Authors S. Chokthanyawat, S. Daungkaew and S. AthichanagornDue to increasing costs in hydrocarbon exploration, formation evaluation needs to be efficient in order to avoid excessive
expenditures. Proper reservoir characterization in thinly laminated reservoirs is a key to successful field development. These
thinly laminated reservoirs are complex due to their vertical heterogeneity. As a result, there is low resistivity contrast between
water and hydrocarbon bearing zones when standard resistivity logs are used. Thus, it is crucial to deploy a high resolution
formation evaluation in order to capture reservoir pay and detect hydrocarbon zones.
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New Phase of Formation Evaluation in the Gulf of Thailand
More LessThe Songkhla field in the southern Gulf of Thailand was put on production by CEC International (Thailand) in early 2009.
As with any relatively small field development, it was important to optimize capital investment and formation evaluation
technologies selected in order to minimize risk and total cost by making the proper field development decisions.
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Successful CTU Catenary and Well Test Operation on BY Drilling Platform
Field BY Coiled Tubing (CTU) Operation comprised of 2 wells to be cleaned out and perforated that are A1 and A4.
These two wells target reservoir was untapped and has good potential of increasing gas production rate from BY
Field.
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Seismic Amplitude Loss Compensation for Future Seismic Reservoir Characterization Studies in Peciko Field - Indonesia
Authors R. Brahmantio, A. Kusuma, F. Bertini, J. Dufour, B. Paternoster and S. LeclairThis paper describes a post-stack methodology to compensate the amplitude loss prior to commencing further seismic
reservoir characterization studies in Peciko field. The available 3D seismic data shows that the high frequency part (25-55 Hz)
of the seismic signal contributes more significantly to the variability of extracted wavelet amplitude than the low frequency
part (5-25 Hz) and within the high frequency part, the amplitudes of the extracted wavelets correlate positively with the RMS
amplitude of seismic traces from which the wavelets have been extracted.
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Challenges in Determination of Water Content and Condensed Water in a Multi-stacked Sour Gas Field with High CO2 Content Offshore Malaysia
Authors Wong Tiong Hui, Rahim Masoudi, Jared Philpot and Mohamad OthmanThe amount of condensed water should be carefully estimated in gas development plans, especially for fields with high CO2
content. This may affect the design of the well, surface facilities such as water treatment equipment and CO2 removal units,
and flow assurance and corrosion control strategies. However, reliable prediction of the water content of gas with high CO2
level in contact with formation brine is still a challenge.
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Targeted Completions Change Economics in Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors Charles H. Smith and Eli MenendezOne of the greatest challenges in any horizontal completion is the need to have efficient completion techniques that will
minimize the cost of the completion. Traditional techniques that only rely on systematic perforation and fracture treating
techniques do not allow the operator to accomplish any understanding of the problems involved in these completions.
Horizontal completions are achieved by perforating at periodic intervals and applying the same fracture treatment to each one
of the perforated segments of the well.
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Kick Mechanisms and Unique Well Control Practices in Vugular Deepwater Carbonates
More LessThe standard well control training drillers receive in the industry prepares them to respond to an influx that occurs during
underbalanced conditions. The mechanism through which hydrocarbon may enter the wellbore following a vugular loss can
differ from this. One potential result is that the influx may not be detected as early as that which occurs during a
conventional underbalanced condition. The purpose of this paper is to provide a model to explain the unique mechanism
through which kicks may occur following vugular losses, as well as effective recognition and response practices that are
consistent with that model.
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Concepts in Gas Compressor Station Configuration
Authors Rainer Kurz and Matt LubomirskyThe number of compressors installed in each compressor station of a pipeline system, as well as their arrangement, has a
significant impact on the availability, fuel consumption and capacity of the system. This paper discusses the impact of the
type and arrangement of turbomachinery equipment used in compressor stations.
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Managing Export Manifold to Ensure Gas Deliverability
Authors A. Priambudi, R.N. Baraba, N.W. Tranggono and B. AryantoThe Badak Export Manifold (BEM) is a complex manifold to gather the entire gas delivery from upstream fields and to
deliver hydrocarbons to Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant and to domestic commercial sites, manufacturing fertilizers and
chemicals. Besides the function as gas processing facilities, the duties of the export manifold are to maintain pressure,
distribute gas flow, implement off take logic during shut down and coordinate gas delivery. The BEM is the beginning of
four main pipelines work in parallel configuration to allow flexibility of the gas delivery and to maintain gas composition
within acceptable specification.
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Risk Based Inspection (RBI) of Aboveground Storage Tanks to Improve Asset Integrity
More LessKuwait Oil Company (KOC) has 85 crude oil aboveground storage tanks in its Tankfarms for the storage of crude oil prior to
export. These tanks have storage capacities ranging from 162,000 to 597,500 bbl. (US). Hydrocarbons leaks / spillages
resulting from tank failures, if any, could be very expensive and could pose serious fire hazards apart from major
environmental issues. Therefore, in order to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the tanks to prevent any impending
failure, KOC decided to adopt Risk Based Inspection (RBI) approach to evaluate the risks associated.
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Riserless Vertical Drilling Operations using Downhole Motors in the Nankai-Trough Seismogenic Zone
Authors Y. Shinmoto, Y. Kido and K. WadaThe Nankai-Trough, which is located south of the main island of Honshu, Japan and extends 900 km offshore, is a
subduction zone with large amounts of deformed trench sediments with seismic activity and a good example of an
accretionary prism. At extreme ocean depths, water forms ice that has, in some instances, trapped methane in its crystalline
lattice, forming gas hydrates so that the Nankai-Trough contains a large amount of gas hydrate formations.
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3D-VSP and Surface Full-azimuth Seismic Integrated Study in Daqing Oil Field
Authors Yanpeng Li, Yun Ling, Yuanzhong Chen, Jun Gao, Gang Xu and Fangdong ChuAlong with the progress of VSP techniques, especially the improvement of downhole geophone manufacture and VSP data
processing methods, now the survey mode has developed from zero offset VSP, offset VSP to Walkaway-VSP, Walkaround-
VSP and 3D-VSP corresponding to different geological objectives. VSP techniques have obtained partial success in parameter
estimation, high precision imaging and reservoir characterization, but obtained dataset is range limited and imaging still need
to be improved. In order to broaden the range of survey and expand the advantages of VSP to surface seismic, large array 3DVSP
and full-azimuth surface seismic survey were carry out in XJWZ area of Daqing oil field.
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Establishing and Enhancing Reservoir Injectivity in the B8/32 asset, Gulf of Thailand
Authors Pongpak Taksaudom, Mark J. Ogier and Mauricio VillegasB8/32 is an oil and gas asset located offshore in the Gulf of Thailand. The asset consists of two main operating areas known
as Benchamas and Tantawan fields. These fields are divided into several sub-operating areas where the wellhead platforms
have been installed e.g. BEWA, BEWB, TAWA, TAWB, etc. Waterflooding has been in operation since late 2000 and has
continued to increase with the increase of proven reservoir connectivity.
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Conversion of Olefins in LPG through Hydrogenation
Authors Gurulakshmanan G, Balaji V and Ganesh DThe objective is to remove undesirable components namely olefins present in the Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stream in order to match the
quality pertaining to environmental aspects and safet y requirements which are achieved by processing the unsaturated hydrocarbons to the
saturated hydrocarbon product.
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Geophysical Reservoir Characterisation and Modeling of Marrat Carbonate Reservoir in Minagish Field, West Kuwait
As a part of an integrated field development study, comprehensive seismic interpretation, velocity modeling and inversion
were carried out for the Minagish Marrat reservoir. The geophysical lithology-porosity effects were imaged and quantified
for the first time, and used for detailed reservoir characterization and 3D geological modeling.
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Seismic Exploration for Tight Gas Sand: A Case Study in Sulige Gasfield
Authors Yijun Zhou, Chaoquan Peng, Lingbang Zeng, Min Qiang, Qingjia Tong, Hongwei Li and Xinhua ZhangSulige Gasfield is the biggest gasfield found so far in China. The pay zone is He8 formation of lower-Permian. It is braided
river sediment and the main reservoir is tight sandstone. The seismic exploration faces the challenges of thin bed, tight gassand
and strong lateral heterogeneities.
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Workflows for Quantitative 4D Seismic Data Integration: A Case Study.
This paper describes the full cycle of 4D seismic data integration comprised of workflows related to 4D data analysis, quality
control of reservoir models and reservoir model updating using both 4D seismic and well production data. These workflows
are applied to a deepwater field, where high quality 4D seismic data is available. In the first step, we analyze 4D seismic data
and extract multiple attributes to image changes in reservoir properties. Next, we apply different workflows which link 4D
seismic data with the reservoir model. Finally, we update the reservoir model automatically by simultaneously honoring the
4D seismic and well production data. We use a novel approach which incorporates 4D seismic amplitude differences without
explicitly modeling the full physics in a joint history matching workflow.
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Carbon Dioxide Storage Potential in the North Sea
Authors Nalinee Chamwudhiprecha and Martin J BluntThe feasibility of carbon dioxide (CO2) injection into an extensive aquifer in the North Sea is assessed. The impact of seal
permeability, horizontal permeability, perforation interval, number of wells, aquifer size and cap rock size on the effectiveness
of large-scale storage is assessed. A compositional numerical simulation is performed in the period of 50 years (30 years of
injection and 20 years post-injection). We study volumes equivalent to the emissions of a large power station in the UK, 10
Mtonnes/year and find the necessary aquifer dimensions, cap rock size and horizontal permeability to allow safe storage
assuming that the pressure increases by no more than 10%.
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Recent Step-out Exploration in the Greater Sirikit East Area, Sirikit Oil Field, Onshore Thailand, a Model for Overlooked Area
Greater Sirikit East (GSE) Field represents recent step-out exploration success in the east of Sirikit Main Field. Sirikit Main
was discovered in 1981 and remains the largest field in the basin, with surrounding smaller fields: Sirikit West (northwest,
1983), Thap Raet (north, 1988), Sirikit East (northeast, 1992) and Nong Jig (southwest, 1999).
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Nam Con Son Basin Analysis: The Old and New
By Kevin MeyerRecent drilling results and activity has created a renewed interest in the Nam Con Son basin in Southern offshore Vietnam.
This renewed interest follows several phases of exploration in the Nam Con Son Basin in which initial drilling and data
collection allowed for the definition of a tectonic and stratigraphic definition of the Nam Con Son Basin.
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An Effective Approach for Automatic Rock-Typing and Calibration Using Single-Well Models
Authors Sachin Sharma, Alexis Carrillat and Torsten FriedelRock-typing is an essential ingredient for any static or dynamic modeling; it is the link between depo- or lithofacies and their
pore geometries and the fluid flow properties. The rock types determine porosity-permeability transforms and initial water
saturation in static models and govern properties that directly impact fluid flow behavior (such as relative permeabilities or
rock compressibilities). With this in mind, they are guiding elements for most decisions on well and infill-well placement
today, at least wherever reservoir models are used.
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Predicting Marginal Marine Reservoir Architecture: Examples from Asian Shoreline Systems
Authors Boyan K. Vakarelov and R. Bruce AinsworthSequence stratigraphy is often used to link coastal depositional style to specific systems tracts. Even though such an approach
has merit, it is argued that other variables, such as basin setting, distance from a shelf edge, local physiography and shoreline
shape are more useful for predicting shoreline architecture, especially when it comes to the effects of waves and tides. This is
because shorelines in different systems tracts can be exposed to similar combinations of processes, which have a first order
dependence on the shape of the marine basin fronting them.
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A Case Study of Pre-stack Depth Migration Application over a Salt Dome Area
Authors Hongjun Zhang, Junbiao Ping, Feng Yang, Junbiao Ping, Qi He and Hongtao ChenThere is a variety of salt domes with complex shapes in our work area. As high-velocity geologic units, subsurface salt
domes bring about a series of problems for seismic data processing in time domain and interpretation in the seismic
exploration. For example, false images of subsalt structure, abnormal stack velocity field, and difficult time-depth conversion
of structural mapping, are all caused by complex wave-fields from irregular salt domes.
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Detection of Cross-flows Behind Casing before Perforations, and Cement Isolation Diagnosis Based on Temperature Analysis (TUNU field, Indonesia)
More LessIn multilayered depleted gas fields, cement isolation is essential to avoid water or gas cross-flows
behind casing, and possible subsequent detrimental effects after perforation, which usually
require long and expensive remedial actions.
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A Novel Method for Life-Cycle Production Performance Forecast Based on Dynamic Analogs
More LessConventional production performance forecast by reservoir simulation is very time-consuming. Another major drawback of
such an approach is the huge uncertainties in the forecast results owing to data limitation, especially at the field appraisal and
development planning stages. As an efficient alternative to reservoir simulation, a novel life-cycle performance forecast
method is developed which integrates dynamic information from analog reservoirs with decline curve analysis. The output of
the forecast provides essential information for field development planning.
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Assessment of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of Thailand
More LessThe U.S. Geological Survey estimated mean volumes of 1.6 billion barrels of undiscovered
conventional oil and 17 trillion cubic feet of undiscovered conventional natural gas in three geologic
provinces of Thailand using a geology-based methodology. Most of the undiscovered conventional oil
and gas resource is estimated to be in the offshore Thai Basin Province.
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Sichuan Basin Shale Gas, China: Exploring the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale
Authors Claudia J. Hackbarth, Danny Soo and Navpreet SinghThe Peoples Republic of China (PRC) has set ambitious targets to increase its domestic supply of clean-burning
natural gas.
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The Path to a Real-Time Optimized, Integrated Gas Network - Smart Fields Applied
Authors D. Göbel, R. Cramer, Ron Briers, Jan De Boer, Frank Lai and M. HooimeijerThis paper describes the successful application of Real-Time Optimization by Shell Malaysia E&P on the
Integrated Gas Production System in Sarawak, implementing models for real-time monitoring and optimization of
wells and facilities on a gas production network spanning more than 100 wells on more than 40 platforms across
a number of different Production Sharing Contracts. We highlight how Digital Oil Field practices enable fieldbased
data to be turned into information, support decision making, and lead to actions that ensure production is
optimized continuously.
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Stratigraphic Traps in Distal Lacustrine Delta, A Case History from Greater Sirikit East Field, Phitsanulok Basin, Central Plain, Thailand
Greater Sirikit East oil and gas field is located just to the east of the Sirikit Main field in the S1 concession, Phitsanulok
Basin, Thailand. The main reservoirs are fluvio-deltaic Lan Krabu formation members of K, L and M that interfinger with the
open lacustrine Chumsaeng formation. Hydrocarbon traps in the field can be grouped into structural and stratigraphic traps.
Numerous small structural closures have been proven to be hydrocarbon bearing. Delineation and development well drillings
have also proven the working stratigraphic trap system in the absence of structural trap. In some structural closure, observed
hydrocarbon column heights from well data exceed their relevant structural spill point, invoking the larger working
stratigraphic trap system responsible for the hydrocarbon accumulation.
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PP & PS Wave Image and Joint Stochastic Prestack Inversion in the Same PP Time Scale Domain
Authors Zhiwen Deng, Mrinal K. Sen, Uxin Wang and Xuming BaiConverted wave (Sv-wave) velocity analysis approach is always a difficult problem in 3C seismic data processing.
Conventional 3C velocity and image are generally computed in different time scales; PP wave is processed with PP time scale
and PS wave with PS time scale. PP and PS wave data are basically processed separately causing errors in horizon calibration
between PP and PS waves.
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Effectiveness of Digital Rock Physical Laboratories In Characterisation Of Heterogenous And Complex Carbonates- A Synthesis
Authors Prasanta Kumar Mishra and Bibi Hussain AkbarThe digital rock physics laboratories following the CT and micro CT scan techniques are
in forefront and claim to carry out an accurate pore to core scale characterization of
carbonate rocks with minimum possible time lapse.
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Constrained Anisotropy Estimation for PSDM Velocity Model Building and Refinement
Authors Maurizio Ferla, Patrizia Cibin, Erika Gentile, Emanuela Battistutti and Leutscher JohanIn this study a new stable and geologically plausible anisotropic inversion methodology is proposed for building and refining
the velocity model for pre-stack depth migration workflow (PSDM). We describe an unconventional constrained inversion
technique for the evaluation of the interval Thomsen anisotropic parameters ε and δ.
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Feasibility of an EOR MicroPilot for Low-Salinity Water Flooding
Authors Morten Kristensen, Cosan Ayan, Raghu Ramamoorthy and Koksal CigOver the past decade low-salinity water flooding has emerged as a viable enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method. Both
laboratory tests and field trials have shown that injecting chemically modified water instead of seawater can lead to
incremental oil recoveries. Although much research has been conducted, the governing physical and chemical mechanisms for
this increase in recovery are not yet agreed upon, but are generally believed to involve some form of interaction between the
rock, oil, and brine leading to changes in wettability, oil/water interfacial tension, or both.
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Prediction of Oil and Gas Reservoir Properties using Support Vector Machines
Authors Fatai Anifowose, AbdAzeem Ewenla and Safiriyu EludioraArtificial Intelligence techniques have been used in petroleum engineering to predict various reservoir properties such as
porosity, permeability, water saturation, lithofacie and wellbore stability. The most extensively used of these techniques is
Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). More recent techniques such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) have featured in the
literature with better performance indices. However, SVM has not been widely embraced in petroleum engineering as a
possibly better alternative to ANN. ANN has been reported to have a lot of limitations such as its lack of global optima. On the
other hand, SVM has been introduced as a generalization of the Tikhonov Regularization procedure that ensures its global
optima and offers ease of training.
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Virtual Measurement Value During Start-up of Major Offshore Projects
Authors R. Cramer, N. Griffiths, P. Kinghorn, D. Schotanus, John Brutz and Klaus MuellerHow can you effectively manage the wells if you do not continuously know what they are producing? This is even more the case when the wells are being
started up for the first time.
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Multiples, Diffractions and Diffracted Multiples in the South China Sea: How Dense Does Our Acquisition Geometry Need to Be?
Authors Rosemary K Quinn and Lynn ComeauxMultiples, diffractions and their multiples are a common feature of marine seismic data. In some areas of the South China Sea,
the residual multiples are a significant problem as they are coincident with the reservoir section. In such cases, we need to
devote additional resources to further attenuate the multiples, particularly the diffracted multiples. The challenge is to assess
how much effort is sufficient and whether that effort is required during data acquisition, data processing, or both?
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Malaysia East Belumut Field: Doubling a Marginal Field's Reserves by Understanding the Application of "Enabling" Technology
Authors Ong Tee Suan, Mark Lambert, Barry Goodin and Mohamad OthmanSuccessful application of enabling technologies in the phased development of Malaysia’s marginal East Belumut field
resulted in reserves doubling between Field Development approval in 2006 and post development in 2010. The field
development has multiple challenges given the thin-oil column (46 feet) entirely within the transition zone, unfavorable crude
quality, a large gas-cap and extensive bottom water, a large but low relief structure, and a shallow poorly consolidated
sandstone reservoir.
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Karst Modeling of a Miocene Carbonate Build-Up in Central Luconia, SE Asia: Challenges in Seismic Characterisation and Geological Model Building
Authors Elvis Chung, Ting King King and Omar AlJaaidiThe development of the Central Luconia carbonate build-ups were strongly influenced by the interplay between eustatic sealevel
and basinal tectonics. The Alpha field addressed here is one of the seismically best imaged isolated carbonate platforms
in Central Luconia and dendritic features, interpreted as karst, were found to be very prominent throughout the field. Karst is a
diagenetic facies, an overprint in sub-aerially exposed carbonate bodies produced and controlled by dissolution and migration
of calcium carbonate in meteoric waters.
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