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5th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society
- Conference date: 10 May 2009 - 16 May 2009
- Location: Belgrade, Serbia
- Published: 10 May 2009
1 - 100 of 134 results
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Crustal Structures Beneath Seismogenetic Zones and Lateral Velocity Contrasts Across Deep Faults of Albania
By R. OrmeniOne-dimensional (1D) velocity models are computed at VELEST software of system SEISAN, inverting re- depths. The interpretation of the obtained 1D velocity models allows us to infer picked P-wave and S-wave arrival time recorded in period of time 2002-2006 by the Albanian, Montenegro, Thessalonica and Macedonia seismic networks. We defined reference velocity models for the Albania for better constrain the hypocentral determination, in particular the hypocentral interesting features on the deep structure of the Albania. Smooth velocity gradients with depth and low P- wave velocities are observed beneath the Albania Orogen. . The interpretation of the obtained 1D velocity models and lateral velocity differences across deep faults of Albania allows us to infer interesting features on the deep structure of the Albania. These results represent a first step towards more detailed Seismotectonic analyses.
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Balkan Seismic-Hydrogepological Project - Proposal for Decision Making
By M. Matova6244 Balkan Seismic-Hydrogepological Project - Proposal for Decision Making M. Matova* (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences) SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 2009The seismotectonic and hydrogeological situation in the Balkan region is complicated. It provokes the manifestations of various seismic-hydrogeological phenomena with negative or positive influence over the geoenvironment and the society. In these conditions the UNESCO-BAS Project “Seismic-hydrogeological vulnerability of geoenvironment and society in the Balkan area” represents a very actual task. It is attractive for the scientific research and for the application in the life. The Project is a multinational
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Investigation of the telluric conductivity anomaly at Magyarmecske: the first assumed buried impact crater in Hungary
More LessThere is an approximately round-shaped high amplitude telluric conductivity anomaly at Magyarmecske, in South-West Hungary. The authors collected and reinvestigated all available geophysical data measured in the area before and based on those they came to the conclusion, that the conductivity anomaly may be well explained as a buried impact crater. They assume that when the impact occurred the target area was covered by a thick coal bearing Carboniferous sedimentary sequence. In that the projectile created a complex impact crater with a diameter of approximately 6-8 km. In the surroundings of the crater the coal was modified by the impact's heat and pressure. Later the impact structure was partly eroded, partly deformed by younger tectonic movements and covered by Neogene sediments of strongly variable thickness.
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Image of the Moho Discontinuity with Receiver Function Analysis
Authors T. Tezel and T. ShibutaniWe tried to determine the velocity discontinuities in the crust and uppermost mantle using receiver function method. After calculation of receiver functions, we convert the time axis to the depth axis and we observed 2-D images up to 80 km depth. This study showed the Moho depth changes place by place between 25 and 35 km in western Turkey.
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Engineering and Environmental Geophysics with terraTEM
By R. HendersonTerraTEM is a very advanced transient electromagnetic survey system using the latest developments in electronics and computing. It was designed by professional geophysicists with many years of experience using TEM instruments and optimising their suitability for field use. Its great range of options makes it a very versatile system suitable for a wide range of applications from near-surface to deep exploration. These applications include environmental, geotechnical, archaeological, groundwater, mineral, geothermal and petroleum surveys. Various options make these applications possible. Examples are presented illustrating the application of terraTEMTM, in particular to ground water investigation, environmental pollution, salt water invasion of a fresh water aquifer and site characterisation. In the first example, the advantage of the faster sampling rate of terraTEMTM, is exemplified in the great detail of the data and hence the excellent resolution of the situation.
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CO2 storage potential of hydrocarbon and coal fields in Poland
By A. Wójcicki6248 CO2 storage potential of hydrocarbon and coal fields in Poland A. Wójcicki* (PBG Geophysical Exploration Company) SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 2009Introduction Selected results of FP6 EU GeoCapacity project (international research project covering most of European countries coordinated by GEUS Denmark) for Poland of a part of the work already completed are presented. These results refer to estimation of country capacity for CO2 storage within hydrocarbon and coal fields. Though these options are regarded as secondary approach to CCS in comparison to CO2 storage within aquifers the use of
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Multimedia GIS: A New Tool For Geotourism
Authors A. Martinis, E. Charou, M. Stefouli and A. Kabassi6249 Multimedia GIS: A New Tool For Geotourism A. Martinis* (Tei of Ionian Islands) E. Charou (IIT NCSR "Demokritos") M. Stefouli (IGME) & A. Kabassi (Tei of Ionian Islands) SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 2009Geotourism is a form of cultural-environmental tourism that can be developed in areas with important geological monuments which can be exploited in order to attract visitors with special interests. The Geotopes are the meeting places of elements recording the geological history of each region. They are the irrefutable witnesses of an everlasting evolution of life on
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Two-Dimensional Inversion of Magnetotelluric Data by Sequential Use of Smoothing Regularized Inversion and Quasi-Newton Inversion
Authors M.E. Candansayar and Y. DinçerMagnetotelluric (MT) method is one of the electromagnetic method with which the very deep underground structure can be investigated. Nowadays, MT data mostly collected each station along a profile and this data set interpreted by the help of two-dimensional inversion algorithm. In this study, to invert MT data sequentially, we suggested to use smoothing regularized inversion and Quasi-Newton inversion algorithm that is called hybrid solution. We compared smoothing regularized inversion, Quasi-Newton and hybrid inversion results for both synthetic data and real data collected for oil exploration in east part of Turkey.
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Geomagnetism and archaeology. Archaeomagnetic dating
By M. Kovacheva6251 Geomagnetism and archaeology. Archaeomagnetic dating M. Kovacheva* (Geophysical Institute - BAS) SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 2009The archaeomagnetism covers periods of time in which the remains of human existence are discovered mainly ovens hearts furnaces ceramics as pottery and bricks remains of ancient dated fires. This is an interdisciplinary study which has developed on the basis of tight collaboration with archaeological community. Palaeo- and archaeomagnetic studies are the only ways of discovering the past geomagnetic field behaviour and they play an important role for contemporary geomagnetic field models. The
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Express technology of geoelectric investigation for exploring mineral water deposits
Authors N.A. Yakymchuk, S.P. Levashov, I.N. Korchagin and D.N. BozhezhaThe results of the integrated geophysical investigations for studying of internal structure of the upper part of a crystalline massif during designing of bridge piers in Zaporozhye are given. It is shown that the geophysical express-methods of the forming short-pulsed electromagnetic field (FSPEF), vertical electric-resonance sounding (VERS), as well as seismic-acoustic and georadar sounding can effectively and operatively to solve specific engineering-geological problems. The geoelectric, seismic-acoustic and georadar investigations on regular and enough a dense network of profiles allow to receive the detailed information about internal structure (fissuring character) of the upper part of a crystalline massif. Practical application of this complex of geophysical methods enables to solve operatively the problems of engineering-geological researches at construction of bridges, overpasses, large industrial constructions, and objects of welfare assignment.
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Geophysical Investigation of Crystalline Massif Structure during Construction of the Bridge Piers
Authors N.A. Yakymchuk, S.P. Levashov, I.N. Korchagin and D.N. BozhezhaDuring 2001-2007 express technology of FSPEF-VERS geoelectric investigations was widely used for the solving of different ecological, engineering-geological and geologic-geophysical problem . In particular, technology was used for searching and mapping of the water-saturated collectors (Levashov et. al., 2005, 2005a). In this article the technology application for lateral exploration of zones of mineral water distribution in the district of city-resort Morshin on Western Ukraine are presented. Field works were executed in September-October, 2005, on three areas (fig.1). The field works were conducted along separate profiles with a step 20-50 m. Through anomalous zones, discovered by a method FSPEF, the profiles of VERS and acoustic sounding are laid. Acoustic measurements investigations were executed with a step 5 m. The depth of VERS and acoustic sounding made 40 m. In separate points VERS was executed to the depths 500 m.
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Magnetotelluric investigation in Thrace Basin, Northwestern Turkey
Authors A.T. Basokur and C. Kaya6254 Magnetotelluric investigation in Thrace Basin Northwestern Turkey A.T. Basokur* (Ankara University) & C. Kaya (Cumhuriyet University) SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 2009Introduction The Thrace basin is one of the most important hydrocarbons (especially natural gas) producing areas of Turkey. The existing drill holes do usually not reach the basement and the depth of investigation of seismic reflection profiles doesn’t provide information about the basement depth. The magnetotelluric method was preferred for the estimation of the sediment thickness in the Thrace basin by reason of its costeffective implementation along lengthy
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Geophysical investigation for the detection of stratigraphy in an area of Agios Nikolaos City, Crete
6255 Geophysical investigation for the detection of stratigraphy in an area of Agios Nikolaos City Crete G. Apostolopoulos* (National Technical University of Athens) K. Pavlopoulos (Harokopio University of Athens) J. Basiakos (NCSR 'Demokritos') K. Leontarakis (National Technical University of Athens) D. Baltoukas (National Technical University of Athens) & K. Theodorakopoulou (NCSR 'Demokritos') SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 2009Introduction The area of the city of Agios Nikolaos east part of Crete Island has a great interest in detecting the paleorelief mainly in the region of a river whish is passing through
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Onshore hydrocarbon exploration in thrust belts regions
Authors E. Prenjasi, S. Kasapi, S. Nazaj and L. Arapi6256 Onshore hydrocarbon exploration in thrust belts regions E. Prenjasi* (Polytechnic University of Tirana) S. Kasapi (Adriatic Nickel Resources) S. Nazaj (Polytechnic University of Tirana) & L. Arapi (Polytechnic University of Tirana) SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 2009Presently the Cretaceous-Eocene carbonate sequence sealed by the Oligocene flysch is the main target of hydrocarbon exploration along Albanides thrust belts. The latter represents a segment of Alpine folding chain situated between Dinarides and Hellenides (Bakia H. et. al. 1987 Prenjasi E. 1992) Enormous geological-geophysical data gained through a lot of field exploration
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Hydrocarbon Exploration under Kruja Zone in Tirana-Rodon Area, Albania
Authors V. Silo, P. Nishani and E. SiloThe region under study includes the half of the northern area of Kruja tectonic zone, partly the Ionian one and the South Adriatic basin, fig. (1). It has continuously been a problematic area as related to tectonic-facial zones particularly to the possibility or no of the continuation of the Ionian zone north of Dumrea salt diapir. The strong overthrust of Kruja zone structures towards west, the presence of the salt diapir and the facial changes of the deposits make up a real difficulty in the clear and one-sided explanation of the relationships between these tectonic units. Based on the studies made as of now and new recent seismic operations, efforts are made, in this study, to further advance the knowledge degree about the geologic-tectonic structure of this problematic region by harmonizing all geologic-geophysical data. The Kruja zone is composed by carbonatics neritic deposits. From tectonic point of wiev, it is composed by some structural ranges. The numerous oil seeps at outcrops and in deep wells have attracted attention for hydrocarbon exploration, so last years a grid dense of seismic lines were carried out. The interpretation results of these seismic data made possible to throw light and to solution more geological problems, like structural form, tectonic style, relation with other units and hydrocarbon migration as well as. The carbonatic sequence of Kruja zone represented with developed tectonic, overthrusted westward and backthrusts in eastern flanks as well as. In this region, the Kruja zone consists of linear anticline structures.
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Constructing digital geologic models of oil-and-gas fields from complex of geophysical technologies
Authors E.P. Atyasheva, E.S. Kiselev, A.V. Zhukov and A.A. SanjarovWe created a technology allowing the study of reservoir properties and oil content of carbonaceous and terrigenous layers in complex reservoirs with tectonic and lithologic screening. The digital geologic model constructed by using such technology is a base for differentiated calculation of oil reserves on commercial categories. When creating an information base to design oil field development, the geologic model constructed in such a way is used for calculation of geologic-technological hydrodynamical models and optimizing development designs. Realization of the technology of constructing 3D geologic model of reserves calculation and use of it, when optimizing development design, are shown on example of one of the fields in the North Caucasus under development.
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Reconnaissance Aerial Geoelectric Investigantions for Oil and Gas within Kostanayskaya Area (Republic of Kazakhstan)
The results of geoelectric studies within perspective for the oil and gas Kostanayskaya area are given. Practically all "deposit" type (DTA) anomalies are revealed and mapped by from airplane. The mapped geoelectric anomalies are authenticated by overland FSPEF survey. The bedding intervals of anomalous polarized layer of the "oil" type are installed within the anomalies by VERS soundings. The geoelectric anomaly maps, the sounding diagrams and columns and correlation cross-sections present the investigation results. For the area structural model construction the detailed soundings were conducted within "Kosagal" DTA for scheduling the project of the prospecting borehole boring. The place for the borehole pawning was recommended. The efficient and economical technology for operative examination with the oil and gas searching purposes of the extensive, removed, difficult of access and perspective for oil and gas territories are created on the base of survey by method of the forming of short-pulsed field from the airplane (AirFSPEF modification). The practical application of this technology on initial stage of the oil and gas searching works allows to accelerate significantly the geological prospecting process for the oil and gas as a whole.
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Geoelectric Investigations for Oil-and-Gas of Deep Horizons of Dnieper-Donets Basin (Ukraine)
Authors N.A. Yakymchuk, S.P. Levashov and I.N. KorchaginThe results of geoelectric investigation for the oil and gas of deep horizons of a geological cross-section in the Dnepr-Donetsk depression are given. The innovative express-technology of "direct" searching and prospecting for hydrocarbon deposits by geoelectric methods are used during this investigation. The technology includes the method of formation of short-pulsed electromagnetic field (FSPEF), flux-meter survey and method of vertical electric-resonance sounding (VERS). Joint use of these methods gives a possibility to find and map on the area the "deposit" type anomalies (DTA), and to define the total thickness and bedding depths of anomalous polarized layer (APL) of the "oil layer", "gas layer", "water-saturated layer" type. The geoelectric investigation on Kobzivske gas-condensate field have confirmed scientifically proved forecasts of experts about probable existence of a deep floor of gas content on depths over 6000 m. The received data are one more confirmation of prospects of oil-and-gas content of DDD deep horizons. Purposeful industrial exploration of those horizons will promote the increase of HC production in Ukraine. The carried out experimental research within Kobzivske gas-condensate field and other areas have shown the efficiency of FSPEF-VERS technology at studying deep horizons of a geological cross-section. The main advantage of this technology consists in efficiency of new experimental field information receiving.
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Soil gas Radon, Indoor Radon and Gamma Dose Rate in Tirana city, ALBANIA
Authors S. Dogjani, L.L. Langore, O. Lika and R. PaciDuring a 3 year period, the Natural Radioactivity Sector of the Geophysics Department has conducted radon concentration measurements in the soil and indoors in Tirana. The measurements have covered a 40 km2 area. Radon measurements have been made in 160 squares. In these 160 squares, we have made 2400 measurements of avRn and 480 measurements of soil permeability. Risk evaluations were made. They were categorized as low, medium and high. Soil measurements have included those of natural radionuclides ( K, U, Th). Radon indoor concentration levels range from 40 Bq/m3 to 1058 Bq/m3. The highest concentration levels have been found in red clay sectors, as identified in the geological map.
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Study of Technogen Contamination spreading in Porto Romano with Geophysical Methods
Authors P. Leka, F. Vinçani and P. Kosho6262 Study of Technogen Contamination spreading in Porto Romano with Geophysical Methods P. Leka* (Polytechnic University of Tirana) F. Vinçani (Polytechnic University of Tirana) & P. Kosho (Polytechnic University of Tirana) SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 2009Introduction Territory near the ex-Chemical Factory in Porto Romano is contaminated by high-risk chemical components composed by Lindan (hexclorant) and Bichromate Na and their remnants accumulated in dump. The important place in the study of technogen contamination spreading near Porto Romano has the Electrometry applying resistivity methods electrical sounding array – Schlumberger with AB
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Informatization of VES Data carried out in Para Adriatic Lowland
Authors F. Vinçani and P. Leka6263 Informatization of VES Data carried out in Para Adriatic Lowland F. Vinçani* (Polytechnic University of Tirana) & P. Leka (Polytechnic University of Tirana) SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 2009Introduction Para Adriatic Lowland is an among most requested territory to live to develop the tourism the market portal market the fishing in sea lagoons and embouchure and to develop the agriculture etc. During the long period in this territory are carried out many electrometric surveys with resistivity methods array electrical sounding Schlumberger with distance of AB electrode until 3000 m.
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Application of surface geophysical methods in groundwater prospecting in the Shkodra region
More Less6264 Application of surface geophysical methods in groundwater prospecting in the Shkodra region I. Jata* (Institute of Geosciences) & S. Kasapi (Adriatic Nickel Company) SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 2009Albania is considered as a rich country in underground waters. Among porous highly wa-ter-bearing rocks we find alluvial river formations represented by gravel and sand.. The-se rocks are mostly found in the low western part of the country such as Shkodra and Nenshkodra Mati and Tirana-Ishem fields Shkumbini and Vjosa valleys and inner depr-essions. Buried gravel formations of these fields form
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Permo-Triassic Evaporites of Southeastern Europe-a new context for hydrocarbon prospectivty
By D. TufekcicPermo-Triassic evaporites in southeastern Europe are usually treated as a neglected child of regional geology. Sometimes they are only briefly mentioned as a possible decollement of the complex tectonics of this area, but rarely as a basinal product worth of primary interest as a distinctive petroleum system. With the advent of a new seismic processing techniques, the key regional lines were recently reprocessed using the wave equation layer replacement method. Not only were seismic images significantly improved, but a new model of the Permo-Triassic evaporite deposition was also defined, pointing to a basin-central evaporite model type of deposition. A regional geophysical analysis of the central and northeastern part of the Adriatic Basin has been integrated with an evaluation of the seismo-stratigraphy of the Permo-Triassic evaporites to provide a geological framework for the basin setting definition. In addition, this study recognizes that the marginal evaporitic units record Permo-Triassic salt tectonics which is characterized by reverse faults associated with the regional salt ridges. This new tectonic model proposed here for the northeastern edges of the Permo-Triassic evaporites of the Adriatic Basin, as an alternative to thrust faults previously suggested, has important implications for hydrocarbon migration and trapping. The study suggestes that the salt repositining and tectonic evolution of the salt basin margin during the Tertiary have the key implications for hydrocarbon prospectivity. At this stage of study the size of the northwestern part of the Permo-Triassic Basin extends across 300x600 km. However, if the circum-Ionian region (Albania and Greece) is included, the size of the basin could be easily twice as large. For the future petroleum exploration of such an enormous and complex basin the prime issue will be the application of innovative seismic tools and further refinement of evaporite stratigraphy.
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Some examples of the electric soundings in the investigation and estimation of aquifers in Albania
More Less6266 Some examples of the electric soundings in the investigation and estimation of aquifers in Albania S. Dema* (Albanian Geological Survey) L. Leshi (Albanian Geological Survey) & S. Kasapi (Adriatic Nickel Resources) SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 2009Introduction The aquifer exploration in this regions related with alluvial deposits of Quaternary and with karstic zones of carbonates. Quaternary deposits widely extend in Albania cover all peri-coast zone as well internal hole that are the pathways of flow of the main rivers of the country. The created villages from these river consist
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Sulphide mineralization investigation with geologic - geophysical - geochemical methods at Perlat - Tutriq area, Albania
More Less6267 Sulphide mineralization investigation with geologic - geophysical - geochemical methods at Perlat - Tutriq area Albania L. Leshi* (Albanian Geological Survey) S. Kasapi (Adriatic Nickel Resources) & S. Dema (Albanian Geological Survey) SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 2009Perlat-Shebe-Tutriq Region lies in central part of tectonic area of Mirdita. At Perlat - Tutriq region geophysical – geological - geochemical was applied from the year 1973 to the year 1997 over an area of 30 km 2 focused mainly around Perlat deposit. Integrated methods have consisted at surveying with the method
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The Radon radioactive element and its contamination
More Less6268 The Radon radioactive element and its contamination A. Dodona (Geophysical Center Tirana) & M. Bytyci (University of Pristina) SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 20091. About inner rays on human body (Tables and Fig.) 2. Radoni (Rn – 222 Rn – 220 Rn – 219) natural radioactive element charasteristics and effects. Radioactive elements (radioelements or radionuclides) from part of the global envoirement. Their distribution and mode of occurrence are subject to the same natural laws as non-radioactive elements. Despite the fact that potassium is an essential constituent of cells in
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Iterative building and modification of a conceptual model of the geothermal resource in Llixhat e Elbasanit, Albania
Authors S. Kasapi and S. Bushati6269 The Relationship between Magnetic Susceptibility and Element Ratios of Clay Samples Collected Different Sites of Turkey A. AYDIN* (PAU-Geophysics) I. Cobanoglu (PAU-Geology) & S.B. CELIK (PAU-Geology) SUMMARY In this study the measurements of magnetic susceptibility are taken on the clay samples at the laboratory and the results were correlated with element ratios. The clay samples were collected from 21 different sites of Turkey. The chemical analyses were done using the XRF analysis equipment. High correlation coefficient between magnetic susceptibility measurements and some element ratios are observed. Especially FeOt SiO2 and Al2O3 gave very good correlation coefficient; that are 0.76
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The River Terraces - Indicators of the Neotectonic Movements in Albania
Authors R. Koçi, S. Bushati, J-L. Mugnier and E. PerenjasiFrom the geological point of view, the whole Albanides thrust belts, represent an integral part of the Dinarides-Albanides-Hellenides arc in the framework of the Alpine folding cycle. Albanides situate along the eastern banks of the Adriatic and Ionian seas, between Dinarides in the north and Hellenides in the south, and overthrust onto the Adria microplate. In other words, the arc of Dinarides-Albanides-Hellenides and the Adria microplate move in the opposite directions across their convergent tectonic boundary. The movement of the Adria microplate is among the main data of reading the deformation phenomenon and tectonic stresses generation along the western margin of the Dinarides-Albanides-Hellenides arc and in the whole central Mediterranean [Altiner, Y et al., 2006]. Also, the Apennines belts overthrust eastward onto the Adria microplate. Consequently, the organic movements of the thrust belts towards the Adria microplate have brought about formation of the western asymmetry thrusted structures and few tectonic napes across the Albanides thrust belts [Aliaj et al., 1996] (fig 1). In other words the pressure stresses regime of the convergence in question have generated a complicated tectonic setting of the Albnides in general, and of the external Albanides and pre-Adriatic Depression in particular [Jouanne et al., 2007]. Subsequently, the whole Albanides have an active neo-tectonic regime, expressed through frequent seismic shakes, hard relief, and steep slopes of the river valleys and existence of several levels of terraces formed during Plio-Quaternary to present days (fig 2).
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Use of 2-D resistivity images in search for buried objects at the Rrogozhina archaeological site (Via Egnatia)
Authors S. Kasapi, S. Nenaj, H. Reçi and G.N. TsokasGeophysical technique of 2-D electrical imaging has been used to explore the archaeological features along a part of ancient ViaEgnatia road. With the use of geoelectrical survey, a 200x160m area has been explored using detailed 2-D resistivity measurements. Two tomogaphic profiles 100m long were carried out in order to detect parts of ancient road axis. The main objective of the project was the exploration of buried archeological features and the possibility of existence of any segment of ViaEgnatia Road. This work has been carried out in cooperation with Institute of Archaeology of Albania, which determined the area to be surveyed. The methodology used, consisted in resistivity mapping using the Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) technique, thus obtaining resistivity contour maps at different depths. Geoelectrical data has been collected by staff of Geophysical Center of Tirana, Albania during the year 2005. Geophysical Department of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, gave the appropriate help in data interpretation.
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Using the Seismic methods in the Ionian Zone where Over thrust are present
Authors I. Gjermani and S. Dhima6272 Using the Seismic methods in the Ionian Zone where Over thrust are present I. Gjermani* (Ministry of Economy Trade and Energy) & S. Dhima (Ministry of Economy Trade and Energy) SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 2009Ionian Zone is part of External Albanides and is located in the south-west of Albania. This zone is very rich with oil gas and gas condensate fields some of them are proved and under operation and some are as prospects. This is the main reason why in that zone the geologists have showed much
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Using the seismic methods for contouring the existing oil field in Albania
Authors I. Gjermani, V. Ngresi and K. JanoThe carbonate oil field in Albania are located in Ionian tectonic zone of the external Albanite and on the west side of the country. This article deliver the interpretation of the geology-geophysical on line oilfield anticline structures as well prospected structures for the future exploration such as Selenica-Gorisht-Kucul, Amonica, Amanitia-Ramica, Cakran-Mollaj, Ballsh - Hekal and Visoka, Patos-Verbas The structures where is founded oil in them in Albania are in the northern part of the Kurveleshi Belt. (Fig. 1). From the tectonic point of view the Kurveleshi Belt is the center part of Jonian tectonic zone and characterize with very tectonic active and there are generics and store deposits in the carbonates of Mesozoic. Reprocessing the seismic data, by using the update programmers and the correct layers velocity in the area where backthrust and overthrust are present, has help to much in interpretation the geological model and have certificated the new prospect structure for oil.
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Geological and geophysical advances in a mature hydrocarbon province: Pannonian Basin, Hungary
By I. Györfi6274 Geological and geophysical advances in a mature hydrocarbon province: Pannonian Basin Hungary I. Györfi* (Upstreamers Energy Ltd.) SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 2009The Pannonian Basin is the prototype of continental back-arc extensional basins cf. Bally and Snelson (1980). Since the release of the AAPG Memoir 45 (1988) and during the following two decades the Tertiary evolution of the Pannonian Basin became the subject of numerous studies on local and regional scale. Based on modern geophysical and geological data quantitative approaches attempted to explain: 1) the driving forces of Tertiary
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Geophysical Seismic Signal Processing: Radon Transforms
By Ph.D. Sunjay6275 Geophysical Seismic Signal Processing : Radon Transforms Ph. D. Sunjay* (Banaras Hindu University) SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 2009Introduction Geophysical Seismic Signal Processing (GSSP) is of paramount importance for imaging underground geological structures and is being used all over the world to search for petroleum deposits and to probe the deeper portions of the earth. : Imaging of subsurface is a nonlinear inverse problem.The key challenge that the oil industry must face for hydrocarbon exploration requires the development of state-of-the-art technologies to image subsurface precisely and reconstitute the three-dimensional
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Geophysical Investigation of Hydrogeological Conditions and Salination Processes at the Marathon - Kao Souli Basin (NE Attica, Greece)
Authors G. Sideris, P. Sotiropoulos, A. Tzanis, S. Chailas, C. Kranis and P. KarmisThis work presents the results of gravity, TEM and geological surveys conducted in the area of Marathon - Kato Souli Plain, as part of an effort to study its hydrogeological characteristics. The gravity survey offered a rather detailed image of the alpine basement and together with surface geological observations, insight into the post-alpine tectonic processes that have controlled the development of the area. The TEM survey produced detailed three-dimensional images of the aquifer systems and salination conditions. The results have shown that (a) the alpine basement is located much deeper than previously thought and, (b) that the sea water intrusion takes place both near sea level and at depth. The depth and morphology of the alpine basement are believed to have been fashioned by faults that either have not been active during the Quaternary, or are buried under thick terrestrial and alluvial deposits. Sea water intrusion forms at least two distinct salination horizons, presumably as a result of intersecting faulting structures that facilitate horizontal and vertical transportation of sea water between permeable formations. The vertical alternation of permeable-impermeable rock formations may be attributed to (alpine) folding, which results in vertical repetition of the same lithological units, in this case karstified marbles.
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Scenarios for Integrated and Cascade Use of Geothermal Energy of Low Enthalpy in Albania
By A. Frasheri6277 Scenarios for Integrated and Cascade Use of Geothermal Energy of Low Enthalpy in Albania A. Frasheri* (Faculty of Geology and Mining) SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 20091. INTRODUCTION In Albania rich in geothermal resources of low enthalpy and mineral waters new technologies of direct use of geothermal energy are still undeveloped. Large numbers of geothermal energy of low enthalpy resources a lot of mineral water sources and some CO2 gas reservoirs represent the base for a successful application of modern technologies in Albania to achieve economic effectiveness and success
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Albanides, a Typical Part of the Alpine Mediterranean Folded Belt, in the Light of the Geophysical Studies
Authors A. Frasheri and S. BushatiThe Albanides represent the assemblage of the geological structures in the territory of Albania, and together with the Dinarides at the North and the Hellenides at the South, have formed the southern branch of the Mediterranean Alpine Belt. The structural analysis of the Albanides and in the Albanian Adriatic Shelf according to the complex geophysical studies, in the framework of the integrated interpretation with geological information, is presented. There are analyzed also a hydrographical phenomenon in the South Adriatic Sea area, which are correlated with Albanides geological setting.
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Gamma spectrometry analyses of georadiometrical rock samples
More LessThe gamma-spectrometric method realizes the separate determination of U(Ra), Th and K. In Laboratory conditions has been reached the determination of U(Ra). The beginning from the content 2 ppm and rfom 1% for K. For this purpose it has been used the 1 and 4 channel gamma-spectrometric analyzer with Nal(Tl) scintillation counter crystal. Detector of a 103 cm (Ø = 50 x 50 mm). The arrangament for laboratory conditions has for a measurement geometry with a vessel of "marinali" type 200 cmm volume. The study of main factors which influence in the gamma spectrometric measurements, name the technical, physical, geometrical and time parameters has been carried out. Calibration has been made with radioactive pattern speared from natural samples which have been chemically analysed before. In the table are displayed Calibration Data significative for laboratory conditions. Geometry measurements detector sample ? 4 ?, in regime: spectrum stabilization. Gamma spectrometics determination of uranium, thorium and potassium in rock samples are presented on table and figure.
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Some Aspects of the Radio Geochemical Situations in the Coastal Area, (Durrës-Kepi Rodonit)
By A. Dodona6280 Some Aspects of the Radio Geochemical Situations in the Coastal Area (Durrës-Kepi Rodonit) A. Dodona* (Geophysical Center Tirana) SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 2009From geo-radiometric studies carried out through gamma-surveys and radiometricemanometric profiles and gamma-spectrometric analyze by soil-rocky samplings and watery ensure that in this area the natural radioelements mainly of uran-radium (U- Ra) series of Thorium series (Th) of potassium element (K) (K 40 – radioisotope≈0.012%K) and radioactive elements of atmospheric rainfalls are present. Geological structure of zone is consisted of Neogene’s deposits and mainly of quaternary clay-sandy-conglomerates
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The Geological-Geophysical Interpretation of the Albania Onshore Quaternary Loose Deposits on the Benefit of Civil Constructions
More LessThis paper intends to give the characterization of Quaternary loose deposits, in the Albania onshore by evaluating lithological-geologic parameters, depositional environments and the tectonic subsidence. The main objectives are: The lithologic-facial zone by mapping of lithologic composition and facies distribution, The Quaternary basin analyses by interpreting depositional sequences of third order, where system tracts (lowstand, shelf wedge, transgressive and highstand) are individualized and The present fluvial processes and delta configuration (west Albania river system).
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The Geological Setting and Explorations in Albanides Region
More LessAlbanides region is a hard studied area, from the geological point of view, where the contribution of regional seismic line and new processing ones have been of great importance. The object of this article is to give an analyze of geological setting, tectonic mechanism and hydrocarbon prospect. Based on new geological and seismic data, a new interpretation is accomplished to evaluate the possible carbonate structures for oil exploration and new targets in neogenic structured for gas discoveries... The paper is a brief summary of a regional study, in which many problems about stratigraphy, geodynamic, hydrocarbon potential and the exploration discovering ways are in details treated.
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Sequence monitoring
By J. Knezevic6283 Sequence monitoring J. Knezevic* (Union University) SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 2009On the basis of relation between period of sampling and period of fluctuation observed phenomenon geophysical monitoring could be: a)continual monitoring b)sequence monitoring. Natural phenomenon are of continual character so the signal of that phenomena is continual time function -continual signal. The ideal case for continual monitoring would be when velocity of sampling is at least 100 times bigger then Nikvist frequency. In real case continual monitoring contains acquisition made by the sampling velociti with frequency that is
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Application of the Geosolar Method in Purpose to Define Hydrogeological Characteristics of the Ground
Authors A. Novitović and A. Šestak6284 Application of the Geosolar Method in Purpose to Define Hydrogeological Characteristics of the Ground A. Novitovic* (Eko Solar d.o.o.) & A. Sestak (Eko Solar d.o.o.) SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 2009This paper describes some results of hydrogeological characteristics such as depth of ground waters and lithology achieved with GEOSOLAR method. The basics of method and mechanism of practical implementation are also exposed. INTRODUCTION Having in mind increased use of alternative methods in different fields of science objective of this paper is to show use of GEOSOLAR method as a
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Landslide and its investigation by the geotechnical and electrical resistance tomography (ERT) methods in Tirana area, Albania
More LessThis paper present some consideration on the landslides phenomena occurred closed to Tirana capital city, Albania, from which is destroyed the main water supply pipe line and road, that connected several villages with Tirana. It is located in the north east part of Tirana. Landslide is mainly controlled by the interaction of numerous factors, both natural and human-induced. They are the geomorphology, lithology, geodynamic phenomena (tectonics), hydrogeologym physical-mechanical properties of rocks and soils,as well as, manmade works related to excavation and exploitation of raw material as stone-quarry.
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Geotechnical and geophysical investigations in problematic soils of Sukthi area, Albania
More LessBetween Tirana and Durresi town in Albania is planed to construct a cement grinding plant with silos, mill construction magazino, compressors room and office. The studied area consist of soft-firm soils with a thickness that varies from 85.0m up to 105.0m. In this paper we wrote some considerations according to geotechnical characteristics, Shallow Seismic and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) measurements of the studied area. Finally we would like to give some conclussions and recomendations. Seeing, that constructed site consist of soft-firm soils and great thickness, it was necessary to know the bedrocks, because of the foundations of engineering's objects. At first we carried out the geotechnical study, where are done 24 boreholes with depth range from 30.0m up to 60.0m, taking 35 undisturbed samples and 10 disturbed samples to analyses in laboratory for determination of mechanical and physical parameters by ASTM standards and 227 SPT. From the designers of the project was calculated for several engineering object a minimum bearing capacity from 6.0 kg/cm2. Therefore, we need to know the depth of bedrocks for any solution of using of deep foundations (pilot). That's why we completed the geophysical measurements-Apparent Resistivity method with Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), which determinate the litological situation of bedrocks. Finally, from completion laboratories and in situ test, fields works, as well as, geophysical measurements we determined 12 geotechnical layers of soils and bed rocks as well.
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A Revised Parametric Model of Local Magnitude for Albanian Seismological Network
By E. Dushi6287 A new local magnitude parametric relation for Albanian Seismological Network E. Dushi* (Polytechnic University of Tirana) SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 2009Seismicity of Albania is characterized by small and medium size earthquakes with mainly shallow hypocenters hardly passing 35 km of depth. Heterogeneity of the crust leads to a greater scatter witch is the main reason for seismic wave amplitudes decrease and consequently of radiated seismic energy attenuation with variation of distance and azimuth. Using the correction coefficients δ = 0.1 for ∆=0-80 km and δ=0.4 for ∆ up
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High Resolution Acoustic Mapping of Gassy Sediments and Gas Related Structures in Izmir Gulf, Aegean Sea
Authors D. Dondurur, M.G. Drahor, G. Çifçi, H. Mert Küçük, S. Coşkun, S. Gürçay and P. Özer6288 High Resolution Acoustic Mapping of Gassy Sediments and Gas Related Structures in Izmir Gulf Aegean Sea D. Dondurur* (Dokuz Eylül University) M.G. Drahor (Dokuz Eylül University) G. Çifçi (Dokuz Eylül University) H. Mert Küçük (Dokuz Eylül University) S. Coskun (Dokuz Eylül University) S. Gürçay (Dokuz Eylül University) & P. Özer (Dokuz Eylül University) SUMMARY 5 th Congress of Balkan Geophysical Society — Belgrade Serbia 10 – 16 May 2009The Gulf of İzmir is a semi-enclosed basin which extends E-W direction to the East and N-S direction to the West. Water depth changes from 20 m in the inner gulf
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Geological-gephysical study of landslide on Drini Valley, Albania
Authors V.A. Azizaj, S.D. Dema and S.K.K. KasapiThe study is concentrated in: 1. To determine the fissure over "Balance Shafts" of Koman Hydropawer, direction of the fissure and its dip. 2. To determine colluviums thickness of landslide over turbine room.
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ERT Survey at the Wall of Acropolis of Athens
Authors G.N. Tsokas and P.I. TsourlosA non destructive ERT survey at the south wall of Acropolis at Athens is described. The survey aimed to investigate the area behind the wall mainly to image the ways that the water is drained downwards from the Acropolis hill. This is major threat for the integrity of the monument evidenced already by the distortion of the wall. Several technical issues were encountered performing a survey on a wall. Further, modifications to the inversion algorithm had to be implemented. The results comprise images of the water ways.
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Correlation of Curie point depths, heat flow data and geothermal modeling for Bulgarian territory
Authors P. Trifonova, Z. Zhelev, T. Petrova and N. PetkovThe basal depth of the magnetic layer (Curie point depths) of Bulgarian territory was calculated using interpretation of geomagnetic field observation and a map of the variations of this border was produced for the first time. The magnetic layer bottom thus obtained has “normal” (28-32km) values in the Moesian platform and central part of Bulgaria which are the relatively stable part of Bulgaria. Several second order anomalous regions are delineated. They have small amplitude (2-4km) and in the main correspond to areas with recognized geothermal anomalies. In the southern part, calculated depths gradually reach the minimal values of the derived Curie isotherm (up to 14-16km) with relatively high gradient. Heat flow anomalous regions are placed mostly above the CPD gradient zones rather than CPD minimums which could be explained with the complicated neotectonic structure of that region. According to the results from geothermal modeling and Paleomagnetic investigations, magnetic layer’s bottom of the Bulgarian territory corresponds to different Curie temperatures. They vary from about 300oC around Kazanluk, 425oC around Dospat up to 550-600oC in the Moesian platform, West and east Balkan unit.
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Geobiological Approaches in Assessment of Tsunami Deposits
Authors B. Alpar, S. Unlu, Y. Altinok and N. OzerThe scope of this study is 1) to understand further the historical tsunamis which affected the study area using paleotsunami trenches and mechanic cores, 2) to provide clues to the question which of the earthquakes in the Rhodes Pass are tsunamigenic, and 3) to provide new data inputs to the next important aspects such as modelling or characterization of the tsunamigenic sources which make the main tasks for tsunami hunting in the Eastern Mediterranean. Yet there have been relatively few studies of the processes associated with tsunami sediment transport, their deposition and nature.
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Electrical survey for detailed characterizing of underground karst: Example from Iskar River (Western Bulgaria)
Authors S. Shanov, A. Mitev, A. Benderev, K. Kostov and B. MihailovaThe study was done using the method of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) for determination of the space characteristics of the underground karst in the gorge area along Iskar River in Western Balkan Mountain (Bulgaria). The method is very flexible to be use for measurements on difficult terrains, where is not possible to make the standard drilling. For the present investigation the computer program IPI2WIN has been used. One of the advantages of IPI2WIN software is the possibility to export as a file for 2D processing and interpretation the VES records from sites along a profile. In this manner the interpretation using the software RES2DINV can be done. The results obtained by the geophysical studies have confirmed the hypothesis for the existence of karst cavities that are not known and not discovered on the relelef.
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Seismofacial analysis – new trends in Geophysical Institute, Belgrade (Serbia)
By D.J. CiricIn oil&gas industry today analyzes of seismic facies are standard procedure as part of interpretation in oil & gas exploration. Test example which is made in Geophysical institute, will be present some of new possibilities which we can do in new workflow. According to the case-study for 3D block Kikinda-varoš, palleo-channels presence was justified, as well as seismo-facial analysis of the reservoir performed. That is of particular importance for planning horizontal boreholes at this area. On the basis of all mentioned issues, it can be concluded that this procedure has to be developed in the future and used at various projects, in order to define reservoirs and locate boreholes more precisely.
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Inversion of the Corrected Resistivity Pseudosections of the Near Surface Targets
By S. YilmazThe resistivity pseudosections due to the influence of terrain surface variations can be resulted by erroneous interpretation of the subsurface structure. In this study, to take into account the topographic effects in resistivity surveys is used the normalization process that uses the correction factors for a homogeneous earth model in the forward modeling manner. For this purpose, the finite element method is used to determine terrain effect in dc resistivity data. Thereafter, resistivity pseudosection data are inverted using the damping least-squares technique to estimate the resistivities of blocks in an inversion model. The normalization process used to remove the terrain effects in resistivity pseudosections reveals the response of the real subsurface structure. The inversion of the data produces reliable results in the final inversion model.
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Application of Autoregressive (AR) Extrapolation Technique to Enhance the Deconvolution of Seismic Data
By H. KarsliAutoregressive (AR) extrapolation technique has been widely used to replace missing or corrupted samples in signal processing. In a similar fashion, it can be used to enhance quality of results from deconvolution which is main step in seismic data processing. It is well known that deconvolution is a process universally applied to seismic data to extent bandwidth of seismic data. However, lower and higher frequencies of the seismic data are missing even if it is deconvolved. In this paper I apply AR extrapolation technique to recover missing frequencies of deconvolved seismic data. This technique described is performed in spectral domain and is useful to successfully retrieve a broad-band seismic data. Synthetic and field data examples show that it increases resolution and yields a more interpretable seismic section.
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Stress induced azimuthally anisotropic reservoir - AVO modeling
Authors M. Brajanovski, B. Gurevich, D. Nadri and M. UrosevicThe analysis of rock anisotropy in terms of seismic velocities and within the context of rock physics (Biot-Gassmann theory of poroelasticity) provides important information for the evaluation of the stress state (tensors) of rocks, detection of the directions of formation weaknesses, helps in the estimation of overall permeability and failure prediction. Understanding the influence of stress and pore pressure on seismic velocities is important for 4-D reflection seismic interpretation, AVO analysis and reservoir modeling. Laboratory measurements were carried out on spherical shale samples from the overburden under confining stress up to 400 MPa, by means of ultrasonic soundings in 132 independent directions. Such an approach enables the estimation of 3-D elastic anisotropy. Since the sandstones were partly unconsolidated, it was not possible to take ultrasonic measurements. To overcome this, we developed a method for stress induced azimuthal anisotropy estimation using only cross-dipole logging data. These results give the possibility for anisotropic correction in AVO analysis.
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Modelling the anomalous gravity effect in the range of the Mirovo salt diapir and the surrounding area
Authors R. Radichev, S. Dimovski and E. Zaneva-DobranovaThe performed study of detailed gravity survey data in the range of the Mirovo salt diapir and the surrounding area and the analysis of various possible anomalous effects caused by different combinations of synthetic models lead to the conclusion that the specifics in the gravity field distribution can be justified by the presence of a second anomalous source (the so-called Manastir salt body). This possibility is well-grounded from a genesis point of view.
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Seismic attenuation in partially saturated fractured aquifers
Authors M. Brajanovski and T. MüllerA conceptually simple superposition model is presented for dispersion and attenuation of compressional waves in fractured porous rocks that are saturated by a mixture of two pore fluids. These two different types of heterogeneities are described by four parameters: The fracture spacing (fracture density) and fracture weakness characterizing the fractured medium; the correlation length and degree of saturation characterizing the fluid patches that are embedded between the fractures. This model is employed to explain the relatively strong P-wave velocity dispersion found for a limestone reservoir. We conclude that the mechanism of wave-induced flow may well explain large P-wave dispersion and attenuation in heterogeneous porous media.
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Deterministic deconvolution for GPR data in t-f domain
Authors N. Economou and A. VafidisA deterministic deconvolution for of GPR data is implemented using the S-transform. This method utilizes narrow time windows in t-f domain and sets spectral balancing as a precondition. The algorithm, tested on synthetic and real data, produces very promising results. Its application on GPR data from a sandbox experiment showed that temporal resolution of GPR data can be equally increased to reveal reflected waves travelling in high and/or low loss media.
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Geological and geomorphological potentials of development of eco-tourism on the south-western slopes of the Old Mountain
Authors A. Mladenovic and M. VanicResearch has been conducted on this part of The Old Mountain in order to establish geological characteristics, using geological mapping method combined with remote sensing, paleontological, hydro geological and structural geology method. The terrain is characterized as complexly composed regarding its geological setting. Higher part of the terrain is made of metamorphic rocks, where the most frequent of them are schist and phyllite, rarely amphibolite and gneiss. Diorites can be seen like eruptive breach in these rocks. The terrain up to the Visocica River is made of limestone, marl and sandstone from Mesozoic. The lowest part of the terrain is made of red sandstone from Permian. In tectonic view three bigger parts there can be seen. Sprouts of diorites, phyllite and amphibolite, which are rare there, and sprout of limestone where fold form can be seen, are represented as especially interesting geological objects on this terrain. Except this, deposit of marine fossils from Jurassic, and gorges of the Visocica and the Rosomacka River are represented as interesting. The most interesting hydro geological objects are the most generous fountainhead and karst depression Ponor, with specific underground flows. This map gives a simple review of geological characteristics of this terrain.
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Geophysical Investigation for Finding Out the Causes Leading to the Degradation of the Tunnel Structure
Authors V. Ciszkowski, M. Georgescu, L. Bogateanu, A. Ienciu and N. DanThis paper shows the possibility of using the geophysical methods (seismic and electrometric) for ground investigation in order to establish the causes leading to the degradation in time of the structure of railway and road tunnels.
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Sensing the Earth's low ionosphere during solar flares, using VLF signals and GOES solar X-ray data
By A. KolarskiSimultaneous analysis of the effects of M2.5-class solar flare event on VLF signal amplitude and phase delay variations for the GQD/22.1 kHz and NAA/24.0 kHz signal traces was carried out. Solar flare data were taken from GOES12 satellite one-minute listings. The VLF data recordings were performed at the Institute of Physics, Belgrade, Serbia, by the AbsPAL system. It was found that a single solar flare event changes the lower ionosphere electron density height profile, in dependence of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide characteristics. The values of the parameters sharpness and reflection height during flare conditions have been evaluated for two traces considered.
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Common Reflection Angle Migration for improved prediction of structure and reservoir in structurally complexe regime
Authors R. Oezsen and C. GregoryWe present a new seismic subsurface imaging technology for generating high-resolution, amplitude preserved angle dependent reflectivity gathers and image volumes in the local angle domain. Such local angle domain common image gathers can be obtained from a multi arrival, ray based Common Reflection Angle Migration (CRAM) creating a uniform illumination at the image points from all directions. In order to improve initial velocity models, residual move-outs associated with CRAM gathers on the subsurface image points are measured by automatic picking of horizontal or vertical semblances along the geological horizons, smoothed and used in vertical and/or tomographic update. Anisotropy parameters are successfully tested using CRAM on land and transition zone data sets, examples of isotropic and anisotropic CRAM imaging results are shown in comparison with conventional Kirchhoff Migration.
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Some New Results of the Analysis of the Lanzarote (Canary Islands) Magnetic Anomaly with Elementary Sources-Final Dipols
Authors Zh. P. Zhelev, T. Petrova, F. Montesinos, R. Vieira, J. Arnoso and A. CamachoObtaining the main parameters (location and magnetudes) of the sources of the Lanzarote (Canary Islands) Geomagnetic anomaly with elementary sources through optimization. Interesting results are obtained.
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Use of Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves in Near Surface Investigations for Housing Purposes
Authors A.E. Babacan and K. GelisliIn the last few years, many soil investigations have been carried out to determine the response of the subsurface structure to dynamic strengths in areas where multi-storey buildings are thought to be constructed. The calculation of the shear wave velocity, the information about the dynamic elastic properties of the underground layers obtained from these velocities and soil response are fundamental in these studies. Although the shear wave velocity is found by using different methods, the difficulties which appear during these applications have prompted scientists to search for alternative methods. One of these methods is the multi-channel analysis surface wave. Surface wave measurements were taken to calculate shear wave velocities using the seismic refraction method along three profiles in Trabzon where a housing project has been planned. Since Sera Lake Landslide has already occurred near the study area, geophysical investigation is necessary in this potentially dangerous area. Dispersion curves were obtained from f-k transformation applied to shot gathers. 1-D Shear wave velocity was determined by performing the non-linear least square method on these curves. Interpretation of the resulting data will help the geophysicist to conclude whether the area is building land or not.
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Turkey's Disaster Archive System
By D. AkinTurkey, due to its geological, topographical and meteorological conditions, is often faced with major natural disasters. In those regions which experience natural disasters, losses are increasing more and more because of population density and extent of economical activities. In order to create a more resistant society against natural disasters, it is necessary to be successful in every phase of the disaster management. Therefore the importance of knowledge about the previous disaster events, which researchers and decision-makers should have, is increasing. In developing countries which have poor social memory such as Turkey, this issue is very significant. In order to awaken the social memory, these events should be archived. In the global world, an archive is a very important knowledge base which sheds light on the future from a record of the past. Decision-makers, researchers and executives should build their policies and strategies on this knowledge. In recent years, public archives have been opened to researchers in the internet. Therefore, the General Directorate of Disaster Affairs (GDDA) is aiming at contributing to this process by developing a National Disaster Archive System. This project was given priority to earthquakes, landslides, floods, avalanches, rock falls, which affect Turkey most. The GDDA archive contains more than 18.000 disaster files that have been scanned, and nearly 4500 files which meet these archive’s criteria have been transferred to the system. In the next phase, we will be in contact with other institutions; and natural and technological disaster data, which are in the archives of these institutions, will be entered into the system as well. In conclusion, an archive system, which could be accessible by researchers from at home and abroad, developed. In this paper, information about the aim, scope, targets, types of the archives, archives criteria of the Turkish National Disaster Archive System (TNDAS) were presented.
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The Relationship between Magnetic Susceptibility and Element Ratios of Clay Samples Collected Different Sites of Turkey
Authors A. Aydin, I. Cobanoglu and S.B. CelikIn this study, the measurements of magnetic susceptibility are taken on the clay samples at the laboratory and the results were correlated with oxide element ratios. The clay samples were collected from 21 different sites of Turkey. The chemical analyses were done using the XRF analysis equipment. High correlation coefficient between magnetic susceptibility measurements and some element ratios are observed. Especially FeOt, SiO2 and Al2O3 gave very good correlation coefficient; that are 0.76, 0.81 and 0.61 respectively. Good correlation between magnetic susceptibility and pH values which is 0.70 is also obtained. Data of MS and its frequency dependence are also presented, and their relation with the chemical analyses results is discussed.
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Pollution Analysis with Magnetic Susceptibility Measurements in Denizli, Turkey
By A. AydinIt was showed the relation between the contents of heavy metals and the magnetic susceptibility and the distributions of the pollutions in the surface soil in part of Denizli, Turkey. We saw the pollution sources and distributions dimensions which are one of the most important environmental threats. Distributions of heavy metal pollution in the area were tried to show by using 111 field measurements, 111 field samples and 50 near road samples. It was used showing the distribution of heavy metallic elements deposited from exhaust gases and fumes chimney in area near the high way and around. Figure1 shows that the dot shows the position of magnetic susceptibility samples points, the contour maps of low and high magnetic susceptibility and frequency dependent and it is given that the contour maps of Cr and Pb, the dots shows the position of samples in Figure 2. It was showed the pollutant distributions after mapping the data of magnetic susceptibility and showed their sources to assess environmental threats. Magnetic susceptibility method is cheaper and less time-consuming against chemical methods. We showed that it is enough only using magnetic susceptibility measurements could provide heavy metal pollution distribution in residential areas.
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Geophysics...........Earth & Ocean Sciences
By A.E. AdebayoGeneric Mapping Tools (GMT) version 3 has been released and is available free of charge via Internet. The package contains all software source codes, manual pages, and documentation as well as the new shoreline databases. Over the last 4 years we have received many helpful suggestions and bug reports from GMT users. For Version 3 these bugs have been fixed, and some of the easier suggestions for improving version 2.1.4 have been incorporated. In compiling GMT version 3, we have leaped several difficult hurdles to make three major improvements.
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Feasibility of Underground Stress Estimation by Combined Use of Time-Lapse P-P and P-S Seismic Data
More LessIn the following discussion a new methodology is developed which relates seismic travel time changes to subsurface stress variation. Rock saturation state which has a combined effect with pressure on seismic data is assumed to be irrelevant since time lapse seismic here is not intended for oil reservoir monitoring but to examine if it can be used as a tool to monitor subsurface stress variation around seismically active faults. This technique is based on empirical relationship between rock stress and velocity that is derived during laboratory ultrasound core measurements. The relationship is then theoretically connected to seismic P-P and P-S travel times to develop a relationship between seismic travel time variation and changes in stress magnitude. When common values of stresses are applied in the equation, promising seismic P-P and P-S travel time sensitivity is observed. This strong sensitivity of time-lapse seismic travel times to stress variation can be used to monitor stress condition at hazardous area around faults.
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Evaluation of ambient noise levels at selected digital stations of the Bulgarian National Seismological Network (BNSN)
Authors L.D. Dimitrova and S.B. NikolovaAn evaluation of the ambient seismic noise for five digital broadband BNSN (Bulgarian National Seismological Network) stations is presented. The Power Spectral Density (PSD) and Probability Density Function (PDF) are calculated using data from winter month (February 2006) when high noise level is observed. The method applied allows using data contaminated with earthquakes and other “disturbing” signals due to their low-level probability of occurrence. Selection of seismic stations was done in order to comprise different site conditions, which highly influence the ambient seismic noise. The results obtained are of substantial importance for evaluation of the existing seismic broadband station performance as well as for the site selection for new stations.
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Bati Raman Oilfield, PNN™ Tool Application Cased Study
Authors M.J. Jakelic and A.P. PreglejBatı Raman field is the largest oilfield in Turkey, having an estimated 1.85 billion barrels of heavy oil reserves. It contains low-pressure, low gravity (10-13° API) oil at an average depth of 1300 m (4300 ft). The field was first put into production in 1961 and had produced 1.5 % of its reserves by 1986, when Production Company began immiscible CO2 gas injection. Since year 2000 production rate is drastically declining and the company seeks the ways to increase CO2 sweep efficiency. The expectation from the analysis done with PNN™ Tool was to locate CO2, estimate water saturation, detect unswept zones, and determine contribution of the perforations to the production. Logging task was to locate CO2, estimate water saturation, detect unswept zones, and determine contribution of the perforations to the production. Using processing and presentation of data it was possible to evaluate PNN water saturation (SWPNN), PNN porosity water (PORWPNN) and oil reserves. Measured intervals cover predominantly limestone and dolomitic limestone reservoirs, both containing some shale. Comparing saturations from the Open Hole and PNN measurements, it is notable that more producible oil is still present in the formation.
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Active and passive seismic integration by 3D tomography
Authors A.L. Vesnaver and L. LovisaMicroseismicity is better observed when receivers are located in wells, because the ambient noise is much lower. On the other hand, the standard Wadati’s method is not reliable for estimating the time origin in that case, as the Vp/Vs ratio can not be assumed to be constant for all events. This problem can be fixed adding further receivers at the Earth surface for the time origin estimation. Finally, using jointly surface and borehole receivers, we can better locate the hypocentres, illuminate the reservoir by seismic tomography and highlight possible fluid pathways. The enhanced Earth’s images so obtained can enhance processes as hydrocarbon production, gas storage and CO2 sequestration.
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The Period and Amplification Map of Bartin by Means Ambient Noise Measurements
Authors M. Mirzaoglu and D.P. SahinbazThis paper describes the results of the study of ambient noise measurements at Bartın, which is located in Northwestern part of Turkey. Seismic noise measurements were carried out in the interested area at 200 sites. Short periods (less than 1 second) were taken into account at the main peak in the spectral ratio between the horizontal and the vertical components. Two maps showing the spatial variations of the predominant periods and seismic amplification according to Nakamura technique in the investigated area were drawn. The analysis results show that within the investigated area, Northern part of East-west trending Bartın creek and in additions to that Western and Eastern part of North-west trending Bartın creek have shown relatively high predominant periods and high seismic amplification. This result is well-adjusted with the geological effect on seismic amplification.
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National Strong Motion Network of Turkey
Authors M. Akif Alkan, T. Kuru, S. Karakisa, A. Apak, D. Kokbudak, E. Cakir, S. Altiok, H. Albayrak, Y. Iravul and B. TuzelStrong Motion Network of Turkey was established in 1973 at Earthquake Research Department under the Ministry of Public Works and Settlement General Directorate of Disaster Affairs.The first strong ground motion had been recorded in 1976 and all the earthquakes of the year 1976 have been recorded by our network.
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An Approach of Socio-Environmental-Economic Aspects towards Geothermal Sustainability
More LessSustainability is a slice of those three different aspects which have close relationship each other towards integrate of its essence. It might not the first study that is keenly focusing on the sustainability case, it also shows the specification of each aspect and the whole relationship as an integrating system. Each aspect then spread into social progress, environmental protection, and economic growth. Later, they will be sliced become eco-efficiency (economic-environmental), socio-economic, and socio-environmental. From its interaction, there will be a point as sustainability in geothermal system.
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Geothermal Potentials of the Banja Luka Region
Authors B. Ivankovic and P. BegovicIn the past decade, the demand for new energy sources is getting momentum, and many efforts are being made in an attempt to develop new sources of energy and their more efficient exploitation. Banja Luka is located in the west of Republika Srpska (B&H), and within a radius of 20 kilometres three zones of discharge of thermo mineral water have been detected. The aim of this paper is to point out to the geothermal potential of the Banja Luka region as well as to provide direction for further research and the possibilities of the multipurpose use of those waters.
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2D Inversion of Magnetotelluric Data by Sequential Use of Smoothing Regularized Inversion and Quasi-Newton Inversion
More LessMagnetotelluric (MT) method is one of the electromagnetic method with which the very deep underground structure can be investigated. Nowadays, MT data mostly collected each station along a profile and this data set interpreted by the help of two-dimensional inversion algorithm. In this study, to invert MT data sequentially, we suggested to use smoothing regularized inversion and Quasi-Newton inversion algorithm that is called hybrid solution. We compared smoothing regularized inversion, Quasi-Newton and hybrid inversion results for both synthetic data and real data collected for oil exploration in east part of Turkey.
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Tsunami investigations in the Black Sea (Bulgarian experience to the EU SCHEMA Project)
Authors B.K. Ranguelov and G.H. MardirosianSCHEMA is the acronym of the Scenarios for Hazard-induced Emergencies Management Contract No: 030963 with EC of the PF6 Priorities (Space). Duration – 36 months, 12 Partners organizations from France, Portugal, England, Italy, Greece, Morocco, Turkey and Bulgaria The Project is constructed by several working packages - Lessons learn by the previous experience - 5 test site areas are under investigation - Morocco: Rabat region; Bulgaria : Varna region on Black sea – Balchik town is a representative sample; France : Mandelieu , Cote D’Azur; Portugal : Setubal; Italy : Catania, Sicily. The main task of the Project is to satisfy the end-users requirements about the possible prevention and protection actions to the population of the threaten test sites.
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The most ancient salt production factory in Europe and the oldest seismic event documented to the region of Provadia
Authors B.K. Ranguelov and V. NikolovAbout 5400 BC, the Neolithic people started to produce salt to meet their needs, at a place called now Provadia. A large salt body served as a source of this prehistoric factory, that produced the most important and vital product of the early farmers. This unique site in Europe excavated by the team of Prof. Vassil Nikolov shows the history of this place. Huge industry was developed and functioned more then 1000 years. Thick walled pots and hearths for the brine evaporation have intensively been produced, and can be seen now. It is possible to consider the prehistoric earthquake that occurred about 7000 years ago and destroyed the Chalcolithic dry-stone fortifications as a natural hazard interrupting for some time the salt production. A lot of facts, evidences and a hypothesis about such an event are presented to support this conjecture.
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Classifications, Management and Aerospace Methods for Natural Hazards Studies
Authors B.K. Ranguelov, N. Marinova, G.H. Mardirosian and E.N. SpassovThe last year’s world hazardous events (tsunamis, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, etc.), generated a lot of discussions about the effectiveness of the space research technologies. The introduction of the high technologies in the everyday practice, fast communication systems and recent hardware and software, allows considering that early warning systems can play an important role in the population protection and safety. The concept of the destructive potential is introduced and several classifications about the different natural hazards and their possible negative influences are constructed.
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Use PNN tool for revealing and definition of polluting zones on example from Zeitz und Bitterfeld in Germany.
Authors P. Buckup, P. Dietrich and K. BuckupThe pulse-neutron-neutron (PNN) technology offers new perspectives for pollution control. In case studies polluting components of different character are detected and quantified. By mean of several measurements the changings of pollution are monitored real time in control wells under in-situ conditions.
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Seismic magnitude of lithomedia and seismic effect due to blasting explosions
More LessWith „seismic magnitude of lithomedia” is defined the maximal possible (source) amplitude of a monolith from a lithomedium. The generation of seismic effect due to blastic explosions follows the process of „crack-like deformation of the blasted monolith”, with the following regularities: each (monolith of) lithomedia has a „characteristic boundary particule velocity of seismic vibration”, below which there is no plastic deformation and above which there is no elastic transfer of stress waves. The boundary particule velocity of seismic vibration is the strength characteristic of lithomedium. It is not depend from the power of the generator of seismic effect (earthquake, explosition, blows,...), and can be defined in dependance to the lithomedia. Analogously with expression of the destructiveness of hard rocks with blasting, it is also suitable to express the seismic magnitude of a lithomedium in correlation with the seismoacoustic impendance of the blasted lithomedium. With establishment of a „correlative relationship” between seismic magnitudes of lithomedia and acoustic impedances of the sames lithomedia on upgrade the defining and operating with distribution of seismic effect due to blasting.
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Earthquake scenarios: cases study for the cities of Ruse and Vratsa
Authors D. Solakov, S. Simeonova, I. Alexandrova, I. Popova and G. GeorgievaThe present study deals with deterministic seismic scenario generation based on macroseimic intensities, generated by damaging, real earthquakes of the past. The both cities scenarios are representation of the severity of ground shaking over an urban area. The work on scenarios was guided by the perception that usable and realistic ground motion maps had to be produced for urban areas. The differences in local geological and geotechnical characteristics, and urban features of the cities has made it necessary to apply different alternative of the approach sufficiently flexible to account for the basic factors in the different situations. Such scenarios are intended as a basic input for developing detailed earthquake damage scenarios for the cities and can be used in earthquake-safe town and infrastructure planning.
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Influence of Renewable Energy Sources on Community Development, Politics and Aims
By M. PetrovicEndanger of an environment is permanent process that causes far reaching consequences, and at the same time is the generator of economic, sanitarian, psychological and physiological problems of the modern World. Frame of the sustainable development is more modern approach to the consideration of ecological problems. At that, organizations should be dealing with those activities that synchronize nature of the activity with nature laws, all with an aim to preserve natural resources, i.e. environment. Main idea of writing this paper is to stimulate greater use of renewable sources in Serbia (energy potential of over 3,0 M t en per year with potential of small hydroelectric power stations of more than 0,4 M t en) and to highlight importance of sustainable development concept, that would indulge modern needs, in favor of the needs of the future. Application of renewable energy sources reduces use of fossil fuels, and can be very favorable for the reduction of undesirable impacts on the environment. Total energy consumption World wide is over 14 terawatts per year, and from that amount renewable energy sources make 14% of energy supply in the World which is not enough but is necessary condition for sustainable energy development.
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Integrated geophysical investigations in the area of Bulgarian Antactic Base at the Livingston Island
Authors P. Stavrev, N. Krastev, R. Raditchev, V. Stanchev and G. SchwambornResults from geophysical measurements in Hurd Peninsula of Livingston Island are presented along with an analysis and interpretation of the data acquired. The geophysical complex includes electromagnetic sounding (EMs), gravimetry, magnitometry and magnetic gradiometry. These methods are applied in an area between the sea coast and hills around, where metasedimentary complex of the Mауers Bluff formation outcrops, crossed by dykes and in part of the terrain covered by snow and thick ice layer. Useful methodical experience and interesting field data are obtained from the carried out geophysical works. They contribute significantly to a fast distant bedrock mapping and deep geologic structures investigations in the severe Antarctic conditions.
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Schematic map of volcanic centres and intrusive bodies in Eastern Srednogorie and Eastern Rhodopes
Authors A. Tsvetkov and H. TzankovOn the base of integrated geophysical data a scheme of the gravity and magnetic anomalies of the volcanic centres and intrusive bodies in the Srednogorie and Rhodope eastern parts in 1:500 000 scale is created. The outcrops of the magmatic bodies according to the Geological Map of Bulgaria and other data are shown on the scheme. The magmatic bodies for which quantitative interpretation, according to magnetic and gravity data, has been performed are illustrated and the calculated parameters – depths towards upper surface and lower limit or depths towards centre of mass are shown. The geological and geophysical information used for the above-mentioned regions allows a number of volcanic-plutonic, volcanic and plutonic centres and bodies to be determined. Some of these structures, better pronounced in the geophysical fields, are characterized.
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Complex investigation of the recent geodynamics in the region of Krupnik-Kresna
Authors G. Georgieva, I. Radev, I. Popova, E. Mihaylov, G. Marinov, M. Ilieva, K. Matev and M. AtanassovaThe region of Krupnik and Kresna is situated in seismic active part of Bulgaria. The present activity is proved during the earthquake in 1904 and up to now the region is the most active in the territory of Bulgaria. The strongest earthquakes in Europe occurred in April 1904 with magnitude about 7,8. It was preceded from a strong foreshock with magnitude 7,1. In 2006 started a Young Scientist Project “Complex investigation of the recent geodynamics in the region of Krupnik-Kresna”. During the project there were made some seismic and gravimetric measurements in the region.
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Sofia's Palaeomagnetic laboratory achievements in archaeomagnetism
By M. KovachevaThe paper represents the results of longstanding archaeomagnetic studies in the Palaeomagnetic laboratory of Geophysical Institute, BAS. These studies are the only way of discovering the past geomagnetic field behaviour and they play an important role for contemporary geomagnetic field models. Revealing the geomagnetic secular variations and their spatial distribution over the Earth’s globe is also of interest for the dynamics of geomagnetic field. The searched characteristics are: declination (D) and inclination (I) given in degrees and the absolute value of the geomagnetic field intensity F, given in μT. The Bulgarian data set covers mostly fully the last 8000 years and represents the longest set of archaeomagnetic determinations in the world. The accumulation of data is a long process requiring the addition of new sites, revision and refinement. We have sampled also some archaeological sites from former Yugoslavia, the data of which are included in our database. These data are the result of a fruitful collaboration between Geomagnetic Institute in Grocka and the Geophysical Institute in Sofia in the area of paleo- and archaeomagnetism some 40 years ago. The highest achievement of the study is that it is brought to practical application for dating in archaeology. Example is given.
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Spatial variations of seismicity rate precursor to the Erzurum (Turkey) earthquake sequences on March 25 and 28, 2004
More LessWe focused in this study on the detection of seismic quiescence situation prior to the Erzurum (Turkey) earthquake sequences. We used the instrumental catalogue of KOERI from 1970 up to 2005 for the region 38.8º-41.0ºN and 40.2º-43.2ºE. The catalogue includes 1481 crustal events of MD magnitude equal and greater than 2.2, with depths less than 70 km. The completeness magnitude for Erzurum region is 3.0 and the number of events exceeding this magnitude level is 1000. In the first step, we declustered the catalogue using the Reasenberg algorithm. 28 % of the events were removed and the number of these events was reduced to 719. Spatial variation of statistical Z-value is mapped with gridding method at the nodes of a 0.02º grid spacing for every one year between 1995 and 2001 by ZMAP software. We found that the MW=5.5 Erzurum earthquakes on March 25 (at 21:30:50 UTC) and 28 (06:51:09 UTC), 2004 followed an outstanding seismic quiescence with a decrease of the seismicity rate, Zmax=4.0 level at 1999.2, starting 5.04 years before the main shocks near the earthquake regions.
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Aftershock probability evaluation for recent Turkey earthquakes based on Gutenberg-Richter and Modified Omori Formulae
More LessA statistical model of aftershock occurrence probability based on the combination of Gutenberg-Richter and modified Omori formulae is used in this study in order to predict how many large aftershocks should follow small main shocks and in order to evaluate aftershock probability that a randomly chosen earthquake is greater than or equal to a certain magnitude of aftershock. For this purpose, we made an application using eleven aftershock sequences in which occurred Turkey between 2003 and 2005.
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Regional set of dislocations in the Earth's crust of Bulgaria according to gravity data
Authors P. Stavrev, D. Solakov, S. Simeonova and P. TrifonovaRegional set of dislocation in the Earth’s crust is outlined using the magnitude of total horizontal gradient calculated from the new rectified Bouguer gravity grid of 1x1 km along the territory of Bulgaria. The constructed map of steep gradient anomalies serves as a basis in more detailed analysis and interpretation of faults, flexures, thrust and block structures in cooperation with geological, seismological and other geophysical data. Many of these structures cross the state boundaries so a gravity-gradient-map compilation along the territory of Balkans may improve interpretation results in a regional scale.
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Stability Investigations of Rock Slopes in the Sumela Monastery (Maçka-Trabzon, Northeastern Turkey)
Authors K. Gelisli and A.E. BabacanThe Sumela Monastery was established on a cliff at the foots of Karadağ dominating Altındere valley in the county of Maçka in Trabzon, northeastern Turkey. With its great historical and touristic importance, the monastery is visited by approximately 180.000 local and foreign tourists every year. Mass movement on form rock fall occurred in 2001 on the south slope and some social facilities of the monastery and communication roads were damaged. The geological and geotechnical characteristics of the rock slope were investigated and rock fall hazard analyzed. In the rock samples obtained from the study area, uniaxial compressive strength and point load strength were calculated in the laboratory and, by using the scanline survey method in the site, discontinuity and rock mass characteristics were determined. In situ compressional wave velocities were determined by using the seismic refraction method and ultrasonic wave velocities were measured in laboratory on the rock samples. Rock classifications were made, which helped to find the weathering degree, Q index, Rock Quality Designation (RQD) values and Rock Mass Rating System (RMR) values for the Sumela Monastery rock slope.
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Importance of Geovalidation: A Case Study of Choka area (Northern Banat)
Authors D. Radivojevic and R. PesaljIn this paper it will be shown the importance of geovalidation for interpretation of seismic data. The procedure was performed on the territory of Choka (northern Banat). Well shoot surveys were not obtained at any well on Choka area. Synthetic seismogram is done based up on measuring of acoustic log, density log, and borehole velocities obtained from checkshot measurements on well CBj-1. Besides direct evidence of stratigraphy, electric log markers were also used for age determination. Electric log marker X has a very characteristic well log values in all wells. Electric log marker X is a very imposing on the most seismic section and allows very easy tracking in the area. This feature is used for interpretation of Pannonian that in this area is not distinguishable. Pannonian physical properties as well as the manner in which this horizon were interpreted are known as interpretation of "phantom" horizon. Without proceedings of geovalidation it would be impossible to do the exact interpretation of top of Pannonian sediments. These sediments represent the main source rocks in Vojvodina. Additionally, they sometimes can be presented with reservoir rocks. The importance of knowing their distribution is priceless in aspect of hydrocarbons evaluation.
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Some Application of Wavelet Transform In Seismic Data Processing
Authors T. Sretenovic, M. Cvetkovic, K.J. Marfurt, N. Pralica and S. Chávez-PérezGround-roll, swell noise, guided waves and random noise are just some of most persistent types of noise in land, marine and OBC data and can be hard to remove with traditional methods. Many different techniques based on Fourier transforms are used to suppress noise in exploration seismology. Wavelet Transform presents a new tool to aid seismic processing and they have been successfully applied for compressing and de-noising purposes. For pre-stack filtering, 1D and 2D Wavelet Transform-based filters have been proposed by Deigahn and Watts (1998), Yu et al. (2002), Yu and Garossino (2005) and Abdul-Jauward and Khene (2000). In this paper we reproduce some of the algorithms used in the research community, and further test and develop them. We use both 1D and 2D Stationary Wavelet Transform-based filters to suppress ground-roll, acquisition footprints and random noise. We also consider resolution enhancement in wavelet transform domain, with some observations and preliminary results. Because most of these techniques are applied on post-migration data they present very inexpensive and computationally efficient solutions. Any new information about structures and subtle geological information that can be derived after application of this type of technique can lead to new discoveries (Countiss, 2002).
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Application of Passeis: an open-source seismic data processing package
By H. ZhengAs an in-house, free of charge and open-source processing and visualization package focusing on passive seismic data, Passeis is developed based on the Matlab Graphical User Interface (GUI). The software package can be employed by both academic and industry environments due to its flexibility. It can be executed by running Matlab 7.5.0 (2007b) or higher versions under both Linux and Windows operating systems. A total of 63 modules have been integrated into the current version, which can be roughly casted into the following 10 module-groups: Input and Output, Traces, Data, Frequency, Correlation, Source, Model, Modeling, Coordinate and Interpretation. Although Passeis initially has been designed to handle the long-recorded passive seismic data (especially within the low frequency range), it is still applicable for any kind of seismic data. The key power of Passeis is its robust core and open environment which permits the user to easily and quickly build his/her own modules into Passeis by using the module template. These features are very important when developing software tailored for passive seismic data processing and visualization because most of present methods or ideas for handling such data are basically immature. A numerical experiment of combining seismic interferometry with time-reversal modeling (TRM) to image (actually is locating) the possible low-frequency underground noise burst associated with a reservoir, has been addressed in this paper as an application of Passeis
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Monitoring of CO2 sequestration in ultrasonic laboratory
Authors D. Sijacic, K.H.A.A. Wolf, R. Arts, K.H.A.A. Wolf and R. ArtsPotential of time-lapse crosswell tomography in monitoring CO2 underground storage is tested in a case of specific geological setting – thin coalbed seams. In contrast to tick reservoirs of sandstone aquifers, thin coal seams are difficult to image. In first European pilot project of CO2 injection in thin coal seams (RECOPOL) seismic monitoring was not successful. In laboratory, using ultrasonic measurements we investigate possible reasons and main problems. Furthermore, we test two different theories (ray and finite-frequency wave theory) underlying imaging method and their performance in monitoring of CO2 injection.
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A Wireless Sensor Network for Seismic Activity Registration
More LessThe scientific requirements for reliable data collection and precision event detection are the main features of the geophysical monitoring. The main contribution of this paper is an evaluation of the Wireless Sensor Network as a scientific instrument, bringing it up to the standards of existing instrumentation in terms of the quality and accuracy of the recorded signals and quantity of the captured data. We perform a detailed study of the sensor network's data using a direct comparison to a standalone data logger, as well as an investigation of seismic and acoustic wave data pass through the the network.
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Migration of Material in the Tectonosphere and Riftgene Structure of the Lithosphere
More LessThe tectonic processes in the lithosphere can be considered within the "system of migration of the material into the tectonosphere ". These processes go on in a complex “closed circle” in which the following 3 general processes of migration of material in the tectonosphere are differentiated: • Migration of "the mantle in the lithosphere" (upwards migration); • Migration of "the lithosphere in the lithosphere" (horizontal migration); • Migration of "the lithosphere in the mantle: (downwards migration). The cycle of migration of material is closed by "migration of the mantle in the mantle", which is carried out within the convection flows in the mantle. The migration of the material results in "structuring of the lithosphere" from a finite number of rift-systems, equal to the number of rifts in the lithosphere". The evolution of a rift-system includes a magmatic cycle (from basic plutonites to finishing acidic magmatism), syngene and orogene processes and subsequent sedimentation.
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Determination of the Groundwater-Surface Water Relationship by Using Electrical Resistivity Tests at Develi Closed Basin
By F.E. YildizDeveli Closed Basin is located at the southern of Kayseri City in Turkey. Develi Closed Basin is the sub-basin of Kızılırmak Basin. Generally flood irrigation has been used in this basin, surface water resources are not sufficient to cover irrigation water requirement so groundwater is used for the irrigation. There is excess groundwater abstraction at this basin. If there is any relation between groundwater and surface water of Sultansazligi then this cause water scarcity at the wetland so this study introduces the studies about the determination of surface water groundwater intrusion
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Granite and granodiorite identification using spectral unmixing techniques
Authors D. Borisova, B. Banushev and H. NikolovThe development of efficient technologies for data analysis is one of the most challenging issues that the remote sensing community is facing. Matters of data reduction, processing algorithms accuracy, information amount, cost and time saving determines the efficiency of data analysis. The importance of this issue is directly connected with the ever-increasing quantity of data provided by numerous airborne, field and laboratory operated sensors, with their synergistic use as well as with the accuracy of data processing algorithms and results verification. We present here some results from a study of different spectral unmixing techniques over two similar rock types such as granite and granodiorite in relation to objects type and proportions determination. Experimental data from field and laboratory spectral reflectance measurements in the visible and near infrared band are used. Various decomposition methods (linear unmixing, clustering) are applied and evaluated. Spectral linear unmixing is efficient approach to the spectral decomposition of multichannel remotely sensed data. A main problem to its process is that the number of spectral components (has to be correctly distinguished. Therefore, the evaluating of the possibility of using spectral mixture decomposition in relation to their type and proportion determination for subpixel identification is described.
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