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IOR 2011 - 16th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery
- Conference date: 12 Apr 2011 - 14 Apr 2011
- Location: Cambridge, UK
- ISBN: 978-90-73834-07-1
- Published: 12 April 2011
71 results
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Application of Dynamic Gridding Techniques to IOR/EOR Processes
Authors D. W. Van Batenburg, A. H. De Zwart, P. M. Boerrigter, M. Bosch and J. C. VinkThis paper describes applications of a robust nested dynamic grid method that dynamically determines grid modifications in an implicit simulation mode. The implicit nature allows for the use changes of properties in space and time to define refinement/coa
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Water Flooding Simulation by an Adaptive Upscaling – Downscaling Scheme
Authors M. Babaei and P. R. KingThe ever-increasing level of geological details and complexity of reservoir models have created computational difficulties for reservoir simulators so that upscaling of properties such as permeability have become common in petroleum industry. In an upscal
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Mechanistic Pore Scale Modelling of EOR Processes
Authors A. Skauge and S. F. BolandtabaA novel concept for modelling pore-scale phenomena included in several enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods is presented. The approach combines quasi-static invasion percolation models with single-phase dynamic network modelling in order to integrate mecha
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The Design and Optimization of Polymer Flooding Under Uncertainty
Authors A. M. AlSofi and M. J. BluntWe use a streamline-based simulator that accurately captures non-Newtonian rheology and controls numerical dispersion to investigate polymer flooding design. First, we develop and test a parallel design algorithm to optimize polymer floods with respect to
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Effects of Surfactant on Wettability and Oil Recovery in a Pore Network Model
Authors E. Unsal, P. Hammond and M. SchneiderSurfactants may affect oil-water displacement in porous media in two ways, by changing wettability and contact angle, and reducing the interfacial tension. Therefore, in a two phase system, when a wettability-altering surfactant solution is injected, the
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Simulation of Three-phase Flow in Porous Media Including Capillary Pressure Representing Variation in Rock Wettability
Authors A. Be, A. Skauge and M. DelshadThe effect of including a three-phase representation of the flow parameters has been investigated using a three-phase simulator in a black oil modulus. The simulation approaches include the complexity of three-phase flow, relative permeability hysteresis,
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Understanding the Mobile Oil Zone in the Toe-to-heel Air Injection (THAI) Process
Authors M. Greaves, L. L. Dong and S. P. RigbyConventional in situ combustion (ISC) has largely failed to establish itself as a major heavy oil recovery process. The recent field piloting of the THAI process (Toe-to-Heel Air Injection) by Petrobank, in the Athabasca Oil Sands, Canada, seems set to d
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Multiphase Multicomponent Thermal Models and Their Application to In-situ Combustion
Authors F. B. J. Monmont, S. Lovett and N. NikiforakisThis work is concerned with the numerical solution of equations for the simulation of multi-component, two-phase, thermal flows in porous media and its application to model the in-situ combustion process. The basis of the sequential formulation for the n
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Synergism of Physicochemical and Thermal Methods Intended to Improve Oil Recovery from High-viscosity Oil Pools
Authors L. K. Altunina, V. A. Kuvshinov, S. O. Ursegov and M. V. ChertenkovPresented are the results of laboratory research and pilot tests of complex IOR-technologies intended to improve oil recovery from high-viscosity oil pools. The technologies demonstrated synergism of thermal-steam and physicochemical treatments. To improv
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Comparison of Coreflooding Experiments – Steam Injection with Steam & Solvent Injection
More LessThe ES-SAGD process has gained a lot of importance in the recent years because of its benefits over SAGD and VAPEX process. The principle of ES-SAGD is to co-inject solvent (pure or mixture) with steam in order to improve the oil-drainage efficiency and r
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Cycling Steam Injection Pilot Project – A Case Study with Successful Results
Authors G. A. Carvajal, G. Parra, J. Guevara, A. Suarez and R. TineoA cycling steam injection (CSI) pilot project was executed in vertical and horizontal wells with operational success in Orocual Field, eastern area of Venezuela. The field contains massive resources of heavy oil that have been exploited without thermal pr
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The Contribution of Different Oil Recovery Mechanisms for Heavy and Light Oil During Thermally Assisted Gas-oil Gravity
Authors A. S. Al Rabaani and A. MuggeridgeThermally Assisted Gas-Oil Gravity Drainage (TA-GOGD) is an EOR process for fractured reservoirs. Steam is injected and flows through the high permeability fracture network heating the rock matrix and the oil contained within that matrix. A range of proce
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Investigations into Oil Recovery and Drainage Rates During Vapour Extraction (VAPEX) of Heavy Oils
Authors A. H. Zainee, A. Alkindi and A. MuggeridgeHeavy oil recovery using the Vapour Extraction (VAPEX) process is a promising EOR technique as it is more energy-efficient than thermal recovery processes. It works via similar mechanisms to SAGD but uses solvent vapour to dilute the oil rather than heat
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Investigation of Three-phase Relative Permeabilities and Hysteresis Effects Applicable to Water Alternating Gas Injection
Authors H. Shahverdi, M. Sohrabi, M. Jamiolahmady, M. Fatemi, S. Ireland and G. RobertsonLarge quantities of oil usually remain in oil reservoirs after conventional water floods. A significant part of this remaining oil can still be recovered economically by Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) injection. Accurate numerical simulation of complex three
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Structural Characterization of Porous and Granular Materials
Authors R. Hihinashvili and R. BlumenfeldThe morphological details of permeable porous materials impact significantly their macro-scale properties and in particular transport properties (e.g. permeability). A programme to derive macroscopic behaviour and responses from pore-scale information is
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Detrimental Effect of Wettability and Capillary Forces in Tight Sand and BCGA Reservoirs
Authors I. J. Lakatos, T. Bódi and J. Lakatos-SzabóThe laboratory studies were focused on tight sand gas and BCGA formations with the aim at demonstrating the detrimental effect of wettability and capillary forces on imbibition and drainage phenomena in natural cores derived from depth of 4000-6500 m. Acc
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Visual Investigation of Extra-heavy Oil Recovery by CO²/N2 Foam Injection
Authors A. Emadi, M. Sohrabi, M. Jami, S. Ireland and G. RobertsonCompared to light oil, application of CO2 injection in heavy oil reservoirs has received much less attention. CO2 lacks acceptable sweep efficiency due to a large viscosity contrast between CO2 and heavy oil and the displacement process is almost always i
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Experimental Studies of Unstable Displacement in Carbonate and Sandstone Material
Authors A. Skauge, T. Horgen, B. Noremark and B. VikThis paper is an experimental study of unstable miscible displacement in porous media, focused on viscous fingering instability. Experimental study of viscous unstable miscible displacements, have been made in 2D slabs of Bentheimer sandstone and vuggy ca
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Oil Recovery by Water-alternating-gas (WAG) Injection under Low Gas − oil IFT in Water-wet and Mixed-wet Rocks
Authors S. M. Fatemi, M. Sohrabi, M. Jamiolahmady, S. Ireland and G. RobertsonWe report the results of a comprehensive series of coreflood experiments carried out to investigate the physical mechanisms involved in WAG injection and to quantify the amount of additional oil recovery by WAG injection. A series of experiments were firs
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A Comprehensive Study on Simulation of CO² Injection in Southwest Iran
Authors S. S. Ghorashi, B. A. Habibnia and L. MonghadThere is a consensus among specialists that Carbon dioxide (CO2) flooding is an effective method of enhanced oil recovery. CO2 injection causes oil swelling, reduction in the oil viscosity, oil vaporization and improving oil displacement by miscibility. I
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Precipitation of Asphaltene From Crude Oil Using Filtration Experiments
Authors X. Xu, J. P. Crawshaw and E. BoekCarbondioxide (CO2) is being increasingly used as an oilfield treatment fluid for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) purposes. The incremental recovery is often increased significantly as supercritical CO2 is miscible with hydrocarbon reservoir fluids. However
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Improvement of Spontaneous Imbibition in Carbonate Rocks by CO²-saturated Brine
Authors I. F. Fjelde, S. M. A. Aasen and J. F. Z. ZutaCarbon dioxide (CO2) can improve the oil recovery from oil reservoirs. When CO2 is mixed with water, CO2 saturated water (carbonated water, CW) can be formed. CW can be formed in tertiary CO2-floods after water injection and if water is injected to reduce
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Sweep Efficiency in CO2 Foam Simulations with Oil
Authors M. K. Liu, A. I. Andrianov and W. R. RossenWe simulate gravity segregation and sweep in foam EOR in miscible and immiscible displacements of oil to investigate the effect of oil on foam sweep and the usefulness of simple models designed to predict the extent of gravity override with foam. Comparis
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Evaluation of Foam for GOR Control
Authors H. Cubillos, P. Bartolome, J. Montes, C. Prieto and P. RomeroThe miscible gas flood in the RFK oil field has matured and, over the years, oil has been produced at an increasing gas oil ratio (GOR). Even though the gas displacement mechanism is miscible, or close to miscible, the poor mobility ratio between injected
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Modeling Gas Trapping and Mobility in Foam EOR
Authors H. O. Balan, M. T. Balhoff, Q. P. Nguyen and W. R. RossenFoam greatly reduces the mobility of gas in porous media, both by increasing the effective viscosity of the gas phase and by trapping a substantial fraction of the gas in place. This property of foam makes it an effective gas diverter in miscible and imm
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Modelling Gas Based EOR Injection Schemes – The Interplay Between Compositional Effects, Relative Permeability Hysteresis
More LessGas injection is a proven enhanced oil recovery method especially for light oil reservoirs. Gas has the ability to enhance hydrocarbon recovery beyond levels possible with primary and secondary recovery methods and leads to high displacement efficiency. H
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CO² EOR and Storage – Lessons Learned from Several Case Studies
Authors R. Berenblyum, A. Shchipanov, L. Surguchev and L. KollbotnWhile CO2 EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) has been studied and used for several decades now the CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) applications are relatively new, yet actively expanding field of research. For both EOR and CCS processes an application to a giv
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The Stability of Pre-formed Foam and the Effect of Gravity Forces During CO²-foam Processes in Fractured Chalk Rock
Authors J. Zuta, I. Fjelde and R. BerenbylumRecent laboratory and mechanistic modeling studies have demonstrated that CO2-foam has the potential to recover additional oil in fractured water flooded chalk rock. The CO2-foam process was carried out in a short core plug by injecting pre-formed foam at
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Water-based EOR from a Low Permeable Fractured Limestone by Wettability Alteration
Authors R. Rostami Ravari, T. Austad and S. StrandWater-based enhanced oil recovery by wettability alteration from chalk at high temperature has been previously verified experimentally in the literature. For the first time, it is reported in this paper, that extra oil recovery can be obtained by a tertia
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Effect of Temperature and Salinity on Wettability: Microscale Study
Authors T. Al-Aulaqi, C. A. Grattoni, Q. J. Fisher, Z. Musina, M. Al-Harrasi and N. KapurThermal EOR has been considered for enhancing oil recovery both in carbonate and sandstone reservoirs. Traditionally, thermal EOR improves recovery by lowering oil viscosity and thereby improving the oil production rate, and with this aim is usually perfo
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From Flask to Field – The Long Road to Development of a New Polymer
Authors B. Leonhardt, F. Visser, E. Lessner, B. Wenzke and J. SchmidtA few years ago Wintershall revived earlier work on an environmentally friendly polymer that is a robust viscosifier even under harsh reservoir conditions. The rheological, mechanical and adsorption characteristics were investigated in core flood experime
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Viscosifying Surfactants for Chemical EOR
Authors G. Degré, M. Morvan, J. Bouillot, A. Zaitoun, R. S. Al-Maamari, A. R. Al-Hashmi and H. H. Al-SharjiThis work describes proprietary surfactant-based viscosifying fluids for Chemical EOR applications. The viscosity is induced by wormlike micelles formed by self-assembled surfactants. Prior to a deeper analysis of fluid flow profile, the viscosity of th
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Fractional Flow Theory for Non-Newtonian Polymer Flooding
Authors A. Venkatraman, R. T. Johns and W. RossenPolymer flooding is a proven enhanced oil recovery method that can significantly improve sweep and oil recovery. Predictions of polymer floods are typically made using numerical simulators, which may or may not include non-Newtonian effects. While simul
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Novel Associative Copolymer with Favorable Properties in Polymer Flooding Applications
Authors R. Reichenbach-Klinke, B. Langlotz, C. Spindler and B. WenzkeNew thickeners based on associative properties are discussed. The new thickeners are anionic, water-soluble copolymers with pendant associative groups. These associative groups are based on a novel, patented chemistry. The viscosity of the new copolymer
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Selecting the “Right” ASP Model by History Matching Core Flood Experiments
Authors V. Karpan, R. Farajzadeh, M. Zarubinska, M. Stoll, H. Dijk and T. MatsuuraIn order to design and analyze Alkaline Surfactant Polymer (ASP) pilots and to generate reliable ASP field forecasts a robust scalable modeling workflow for the ASP process is required. A starting point of such a workflow is to carry out ASP coreflood tes
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Integrated Well and Reservoir Surveillance in the Oman EOR Developments
Authors M. Zwaan, R. Hartmans, J. Saluja, S. Schoofs, G. Rocco, F. Saadi, J. Lopez, J. Ita and T. SoropDescription of the Proposed paper: This paper focuses on the well and reservoir management, including integrated interpretation of EOR surveillance technologies with a discussion of the field development decisions that may depend on this interpretation.
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Low Salinity Waterflood, Endicott, Alaska: Geochemical Study & Field Evidence of Multicomponent Ion Exchange
Authors A. Lager, K. Webb and J. SeccombeThis paper describes the change in brine composition during the first comprehensive inter-well field trial of low-salinity waterflood and the modelling of these changes using geochemical models based on PHREEQC and the history match approach, Top-Down Res
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Low Salinity Enhanced Oil Recovery – Laboratory to Day One Field Implementation – LoSal EOR into the Clair Ridge Project
Authors T. A. Buikema, C. Mair, D. Williams, D. Mercer, K. J. Webb, A. Hewson, C. E. A. Reddick and E. RobbanaAs recorded in the literature and over a ten-year period, there has been significant growth in the body of evidence supporting LoSal EOR as a viable enhanced oil recovery process. Over this period it has been shown that LoSal EOR will recover incremental
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Alkaline-surfactant-polymer Flood – From the Laboratory to the Field
Authors M. Stoll, S. A. A. Al-Harthy, J. Van Wunnik and M. J. FaberRecent years have seen renewed focus on chemical Enhances Oil Recovery. Techniques such as polymer flooding, surfactant flooding or alkali-surfactant-polymer flooding are under evaluation globally for the application in maturing oil fields. Despite extens
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Offshore EOR Implementation – LPS Flooding
Authors T. Skauge, K. Djurhuus, S. Hetland, K. Spildo and A. SkaugeThis paper discusses preparations required for performing an offshore LPS flood (Linked Polymer Solution). Laboratory core floods have demonstrated increased oil recovery by injection of coiled crosslinked polymers at low polymer concentration. LPS consis
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Numerical Interpretation of Single Well Chemical Tracer Tests for ASP Injection
Authors A. H. de Zwart, D. W. van Batenburg, M. Stoll and S. Al-HarthiA series of single well ASP pilots using Single Well Chemical Tracer Tests (SWCTT) have been conducted to estimate the efficiency of Alkaline Surfactant Polymer (ASP) flooding. A SWCTT was done after water injection to establish a baseline remaining oil s
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Evaluation and Implementation of Bright Water™ Technology in a Complex Multilayered Reservoir with Wells Producing
Authors J. M. Gavilan, J. L. Mustoni, F. Alvarado, P. Denyer, G. Calvo, C. Espina and S. HerreraEvaluation and Implementation of Bright Water™ Technology in a Complex Multilayered Reservoir with Wells Producing under High Water Cut Gavilan, J.M., (Pan-American Energy), Mustoni, J.L., (Pan-American Energy), Alvarado, F., (BP Americas), Denyer, P., (
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Improving Reservoir Sweep Efficiency by Simultaneous Chemical Treatment of Multiple Injection Wells in Alaska
Authors G. Dittman, M. Husband, D. Ohms, F. Alvarado and P. DenyerMilne Point Unit (MPU) is a field under waterflood development on Alaska’s North Slope. As part of a plan to increase oil recovery by improving the sweep efficiency, a unique in-depth waterflood reservoir conformance technology, called Bright Water, has b
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In-depth Water Diversion Using Sodium Silicate – Preparation for Single Well Field Pilot on Snorre
Authors A. Stavland, H. Jonsbråten, O. Vikane, K. Skrettingland and H. FischerThe waterflood sweep efficiency can be increased considerably by in-depth placement of a blocking agent. Sodium silicate is one of the few PLONOR chemicals applicable for water control. This paper highlights key results obtained from a research program on
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Modeling of Alkali Surfactant Polymer Process by Coupling a Multi-purpose Simulator to the Chemistry Package PHREEQC
Authors R. Farajzadeh, T. Matsuura, D. van Batenburg and H. DijkAccurate modeling of an Alkali Surfactant Polymer (ASP) flood requires detailed representation of the geochemistry and, if natural acids are present, the saponification process. Geochemistry and saponification affect the propagation of the injected chemic
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Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Surfactant Flooding in Asphaltenic Oils for EOR Applications
Authors E. S. Boek, M. R. Stukan and P. LigneulSurfactant flooding has recently re-emerged as a suitable method for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). However, to optimize recovery rates, a better and more fundamental understanding of the recovery process is required at the pore scale. Multi-scale reservoir
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Modeling Chemical EOR Processes: From Lab to Reservoir Scale
Authors F. Douarche, D. Rousseau and B. BazinChemical flooding, SP or ASP, is of increasing interest due to the need to increase oil production. Design of chemical processes is very project specific and requires case by case studies including various steps among which reservoir data analysis, chemic
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Simulation of Combined Low Salinity Brine and Surfactant Flooding
Authors A. Skauge, Z. Ghorbani and M. DelshadCore flood studies have been made to investigate the effect of change in brine salinity on oil recovery from waterflood, and in particular the combination of lowered salinity and surfactant flooding. The core flood experiments used Berea core material and
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Adsorption at the Calcite – Liquid Interface with Molecular Precision
Authors I. N. Stocker, K. L. Miller, S. Y. Lee, I. R. Collins, S. M. Clarke, K. J. Webb, C. J. Kinane and A. WildesWaterflooding is now recognised throughout as involving a number of coupled chemical and physical processes, whereby interactions at the surface dominate. Previously published studies have mainly concentrated on sandstone reservoir systems but a significa
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A Strategy for Low Cost, Effective Surfactant Injection
Authors K. Spildo, K. Djurhuus, L. Sun and A. SkaugeIdeally, in a chemical flooding process, one would like to inject a surfactant solution that has good solubility at the relevant conditions (good injectivity), ultralow interfacial tension (efficient oil mobilization) and low loss of surfactant (better ec
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An Experimental Study of Low Salinity Waterflooding and Spontaneous Imbibition
Authors S. Wickramathilaka, J. J. Howard, N. R. Morrow and J. BuckleyMany laboratory experiments and field tests have shown improved oil recovery by decrease in injected brine salinity. Spontaneous imbibition experiments provide additional insights into the mechanisms that control low salinity waterflood performance. Most
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Why Such a Small Low Salinity EOR – Potential from the Snorre Formation?
Authors A. J. Reinholdtsen, A. R. RezaeiDoust, S. Strand and T. AustadTwo cores from the Lunde formation in the Snorre field have been tested at reservoir temperature for enhanced oil recovery by the low saline water injection technique. In both cases, the cores were cleaned by successive flooding with toluene, methanol, an
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Holistic Benefits of Low Salinity Waterflooding
More LessThe benefit attributed to the application of low salinity waterflood recovery, compared with conventional waterflooding using high salinity brines (predominantly seawater and produced waters), is improved oil recovery. In addition, there is often a focus
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Systematic Investigation of the Effect of Temperature During Aging and Low Salinity Flooding of Berea Sandstone and Minn
More LessLow salinity waterflooding has been widely studied during the last decade by various research groups as one of the most inexpensive enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method. Many studies have confirmed that this method can increase the waterflooding efficiency
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Low Salinity Oil Recovery – Increasing Understanding of the Underlying Mechanisms of Double Layer Expansion
Authors S. Y. Lee, K. J. Webb, I. R. Collins, A. Lager, S. M. Clarke, M. O‘Sullivan and A. F. RouthWater injection has been used to increase oil recovery since the late 19th century. For over 100 years, the mechanisms behind this incremental oil recovery have been thought as physical, i.e. the injection of water maintains reservoir pressure and sweeps
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Laboratory Investigation on Wettability Alteration: Impact on Low Salinity Waterflooding Performance
Authors N. J. Hadia, O. Torsæter and M. T. TweheyoThis paper presents the changes in wetting conditions of Berea outcrops after low salinity waterfloodng (LSW) and its relation with the improved oil recovery. Coreflooding experiments were performed on neutral- and water- wet Berea core plugs of different
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Designing Gas Injection Projects for Major Oilfields
Authors A. Elsharkawy and O. Al-AmairWith the escalating oil demand and maturity of most of the giant oil fields in the world, especially in the Middle East; the techniques for improving oil recovery have become more feasible and essential. Kuwait-long-term strategy is to increase oil produ
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Huff & Puff Gas Injection Pilot Project – A Case Study with Successful Results
Authors G. A. Carvajal, G. Parra, J. Guevara, R. Tineo and J. SanchezInjecting gas, shut-in well and producing oil using a single well technique (huff & puff) was used as a pilot project to accelerate the oil recovery factor in compartmentalized reservoirs at Orocual Field, eastern area of Venezuela. The pilot project expe
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Effect of Arrangement of Wells on the Performance of Toe-to-Heel Steam Flooding
Authors S. M. Fatemi and B. YadaliFor steam injection, one alternative injector-producer arrangement is to replace the Vertical (V) Producer (P) in conventional steam flooding with Horizontal (H) producer(s) at the bottom of formation. Steam injection using this well arrangement has been
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Gas Methods of Enhanced Oil Recovery on the Oil Fields of South Iraq
Authors A. Kotenev, M. Mohammad and Y. KotenevGeological studies of oil and gas fields in South Iraq, from our point of you, revealed the possibility of successful application of gas injection into the structure crest zone in order to increase oil recovery. Analysis of geological structures of oil de
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Improvement of Oil and Gas Recovery by Optimal Well Placement
Authors S. S. Arsenyev-Obraztsov, A. I. Ermolaev, A. M. Kuvichko, G. Naevdal and A. ShafieiradIn this paper a study of optimal well placement algorithm based on Boolean programming (integer programming with Boolean unknowns only) and its influence on oil and gas recovery is considered. Because the structure of a reservoir is often complicated it i
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Computer Model of Componentwise Gel Injection
By I. KuvshinovModeling results, which allow making a conclusion about potentialities of componentwise gel injection, for avoiding of an early gelation near the wellbore in hot wells, are presented in the article. Standard methods of gel injection imply using of homogen
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Simulation of Hydrocarbon Gas Injection for Enhanced Oil Recovery in a Sector Model of Eastern Paydar Reservoir
Authors L. Monghad, B. A. Habibnia and S. S. GhorashiA numerical model has been developed for simulation of gas injection processes for enhanced oil recovery in a sector model of Eastern Paydar reservoir, located in a central oil field in Iran. The model incorporates two main elements. The first one is a fl
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Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques in Development of Bottom Water-drive Reservoirs
By A. PoushevOil reservoirs with bottom water drive have the advantage of a high oil recovery due to energy support from the aquifer. However, over time the encroachment of the water into the producing oil well caused by the pressure drawdown around the wellbore creat
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Reservoir Management Technical Limit Study (RMTL) – A Novel Approach to Understand Potential of a Reservoir
Authors M. Albahar, E. AlMaragi, D. Kamal and A. BoraReservoir Management Technical Limit (RMTL) process is a structured, facilitated ,documented process at which multi-disciplinary reservoir sub-surface team and selected third party expert review the depletion plan for a reservoir. The review team works sy
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Dissolution Behaviour of a Binary Mixture in a Capillary Tube
Authors M. S. P. Stevar and A. VorobevWe develop a pore-level physical model for the process of miscible displacement through porous media. Using the network model, the current task is reduced to the study of the dissolution dynamics of a binary mixture within a single capillary tube. Tubes o
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Prospect of In – situ Combustion Applying as IOR Process on Russkoe Field
Authors M. A. Chudinov and G. M. NemirovichThe main oil deposits of Russkoye Field relate to the anisotropic reservoir with both sizeable gas cap and bottom water. The additional issue for petroleum engineering is heavy oil (0.91-0.94 g/cm3) with unique oil properties, high viscosity (140-360 mPa
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Numerical Assessment of Cold and Hot-Water Floods for a Heavy-Oil Sandstone Reservoir in Middle East
Authors H. Alajmi and P. R. KingA combination of growing energy demand and oil price has been stimulating interests in both heavy oil (HO) resources and the methods of exploiting them. The vast volumes of these resources notwithstanding, their low reservoir-scale mobility precludes expl
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Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Wettability and Drainage Rate on Tertiary Oil Recovery in Fractured Media
Authors P. Maroufi, M. Escrochi, S. Ayatollahi and A. JahanmiriVertical displacement of oil by gas is the most efficient known method for oil recovery from naturally fractured reservoirs. Unlike the homogeneous media, the ultimate oil recovery by gravity drainage in fractured media is very dependent on the production
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Improved Oil Recovery in the Process of Underground Gas Storage Creation in Depleted Reef Oil Fields
Authors M. K. Kotenev, Y. A. K. Kotenev and D. V. VarlamovSome of substantial impedimental factors on economics development have been limitation in available energy resources brought by outmoded facilities, excessive usage of energy, etc. In the volume of consumed fuel gas makes up 86 %, what proves urgency of d
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Improved Oil Recovery in Carbonates by Modified Seawater – Optimal Ionic Composition and Salinity
Authors S. J. Fathi, T. Austad and S. StrandNot only the concentration of the active ions Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO42 is important for wettability alteration in a water-based EOR process, but also the amount of non-active salt, Na+ and Cl-, has an impact on the wettability alteration. Removing NaCl from the composition of the seawater improved the oil recovery about 10% of OOIP compared to seawater. In this work, we have modified the seawater depleted in NaCl by adjusting the concentration of the potential determining ions Ca2+ and SO42-. Outcrop chalk cores were used as the porous medium with an initial formation brine of 10%, saturated and aged in a crude oil with AN=2.0 mgKOH/g. The oil displacement tests were performed at 100 and 120oC by spontaneous imbibition of the optimized seawater. The concentration of SO42- in the imbibing brine had the largest effect on the oil recovery. When the concentration of SO42- in the seawater depleted in NaCl was increased four times, the ultimate oil recovery increased by about 20% of OOIP compared to the seawater depleted in NaCl. The amount of Ca2+ in the seawater depleted in NaCl had no significant effect on the oil recovery at 100 oC, but small improvements were observed at 120oC.
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