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EAPG/AAPG Special Conference on Chalk
- Conference date: 07 Sep 1994 - 09 Sep 1994
- Location: Copenhagen, Denmark
- ISBN: 978-94-6282-130-9
- Published: 09 September 1994
1 - 20 of 36 results
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Self-sea chalk deposits - A global perspective
Authors D. E. HattinIn 1822, d'Omalius d'Halloy proposed the formal name "Cretaceous" for northwest European
strata previously known as the chalk formation. Had rock of this age first been studied in either the
Southem or Western Hemisphere another name would undoubtedly have been established because chalky
facies neither dominate the Cretaceous System nor are restricted to it.
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Sequence biostratigraphy of European chalks
Authors H. W. Bailey, L. T. Gallagher and F. J. GregoryStratigraphic studies of Late Cretaceous sequences in northwest Europe frequently fail to
identify subtIe changes in both lithofacies and biofacies due to the apparent monotonous nature
of chalk sediments. This results in the non-recognition of many major factors affecting the
stratigraphic succession, well geohistories and the mis-interpretation of regional sequentiaI
history.
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The role of stylolites in the formation of reservoir potential of the upper Cretaceous deposits of North Precaucasian
Authors V. G. KuznetsovCarbonate formation of the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian -
Maastrichtian, in some places Danian) made up of the chalk,
chalk-like limestones and micrices limestones formed in the
diagenesis is widely spread in North Precaucasian.
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Improved chalk reservoir characterization
Authors I. E. I. Øxnevad, L. Bonnell and J-E. NordtvedtA key exercise for planning aspects associated with production of petroleum reservoirs is
modelling and simulation. The adequacy of such simulations depends on good reservoir
characterisations, i.e. good estimates of geological, petrophysical and multiphase flow
properties of reservoir rocks and the reservoir structure as a whole.
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Correlation of laboratory petrophysical measurements to chalk lithofacies and reservoir quality in the Greater Ekofisk Area
Authors J. J. Howard, B. J. Crabtree, D. E. Langley, W. T. Siemers and C. D. CaldwellThe application of results from new petrophysical techniques combined with standard
laboratory petrophysical results, such as porosity and permeability, provides the necessary
information to reveal the origin of differences in reservoir quality between various chalk
lithofacies and to provide additional means to discriminate among them.
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An integrated biostratigraphical approach to the monitoring of horizontal wells through chalk
Authors L. T. Gallagher and H. W. BaileyBiostratigraphical studies of the Late Cretaceous Chalks in North
West European onshore sections have traditionally concentrated
on inception and extinction events and the age dating of
individual outcrop localities.
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A study of the geological and flow characteristics of Gouge-filled fractures and stylolites in a North Sea chalk
Authors H. E. Farrell, D. P. Tobola and B. A. BaldwinCore descriptions of Shetland Group chalks from naturally fractured reservoirs in
the Greater Ekofisk area of the Central Graben, North Sea indicate that the
reservoirs contain a number of discontinuities.
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Correlation structure of porosity and permeability in on- and offshore chalk
Authors P. FrykmanFor carrying out stochastic modelling of reservoir sequences, information on the
correlation structure of the properties modelled is needed. The correlation structure
is usually quantified with variograms describing the correlation ranges in different
directions.
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Mechanics of fracturing and faulting in the Austin chalk - Evidence for natural hydrofracturing from the First Shot field, Texas
Authors K. P. Corbett, J. D. Edman and E. M. Hundley-GoffAll economic production from the Austin Chalk depends on natural fractures to
provide a well connected permeability network and allow effective drainage of
the surrounding low-permeability reservoir rock.
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Influence of in situ stress on permeability of naturally fractured chalk reservoirs
Authors L. W. TeufelFractures are present in almost all chalk reservoirs, but it is only
when these fractures from an interconnectrd network that their affect on
fluid flow becomes important. Fractures not only enhance the overall
permeability of many reservoirs, they create significant permeability anisotropy.
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Niobrara chalk production, Silo Field, Denver Basin, Wyoming, USA - A wrench-fault fractured reservoir
Authors R. J. Weimer, S. A. Sonnenberg, J-M. Coates and D. ThornSilo field, discovered in 1980 and located in the northem part of the Denver basin,
Wyoming (Figure 1), produces from the fractured Niobrara Formation (Upper Cretaceous) at
depths ranging from 7,600 to 8,500 ft (2,318 to 2,593 m). Cumulative production from 40
vertical wells at Silo is in excess of 1.3 million BO.
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3D Seismic fractured reservoir characterization, Silo Field, Wyoming
Authors T. L. DavisSilo field, Wyoming, was the original site of research by the Reservoir Characterization Project
(RCP) at Colorado School of Mines into the application of multicomponent 3-D seismic surveys to
characterize the fractured chalk reservoir. These surveys, the first of their kind, resulted in the
accurate prediction of the dominant open fracture direction and the location of enhanced fracture
permeability zones in the reservoir. Results of the multicomponent 3-D seismic program at Silo field
led to horizontal drilling in the field which has confirmed the seismic characterization (Figure 1).
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Direct detection of fracture swarms in chalk reservoirs
Authors M. C. MuellerIt is now possible to identify fracture swarms in chalk reservoirs, by using surface seismic
data, in particular by utilizing the properties of shear-waves travelling in anisotropic
rocks.
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Modelling the seismic response of highly porous chalk
Authors A. Uldall and M. R. ØdumIn the late 1980'ies it was discovered on seismic data and
synthetic seismograms that the seismic phase of the Top Chalk
reflection response changed from the crestal gas zone to the waterbearing
flanks.
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3D Reservoir modelling of the flank areas of the Ekofisk Field
Authors G. Skotte and A. FritsenThe Ekofisk field has been producing from high porosity, low permeability, fractured chalk for
more than twenty years. About 180 MSm³ of oil has been produced, and current forecasts
estimate more than 150 MSm³ of remaining recoverable oil within the field.
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Reservoir characterization and management studies of the Tor Field, Norway
Authors H. Hermansen, D. B. Neff, H. Wedege and D. J. Ebbs jr.The Tor Field was discovered in late 1970. First production commenced in June, 1978 with 5 wells drilled from
a fixed 18 slot platform (Figure 1). After additional development drilling, peak oil production of 100,000 BOPD
was achieved in 1980, but has since declined to the current rate of 6,000 BOPD.
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Reservoir compaction and surface subsidence during hydrocarbon production from the chalk
Authors M. Jones, E. Mathiesen and C. MagnusProduction of hydrocarbon fluids from the Ekofisk and Valhall oil fields has resulted in substantial
subsidence of the sea floor immediately above the reservoirs which has been caused by compaction of
the weak chalks that constitute the reservoir rock (Figure 1).
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The Austin Chalk of Brookeland Field (East Texas, USA) - Importance of an integrated interdisciplinary approach in exploiting a classic fractured reservoir
Authors D. J. Hooks and S. S. HubbardThe Upper Cretaceous Austin Chalk produces along the Gulf of Mexico coast, United
States, from secondary porosity and permeability created through fracturing. Several large fields,
including Giddings (222 MMBO, 76 BCF) and Pearsall (104 MMBO, 15 BCF) were developed
utilizing mostly vertical wells.
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Mechanical properties of chalk in laboratory and field scale
Authors A. KrogsbøllIn many geological and engineering problems we need to transform information from one scale to
another. It is often data collected from cores (laboratory scale) which are used to evaluate various
problems in field scale or geological scale.
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On chalk fabrics and their influence on deformation behaviour
Authors N. M. Kageson-Loe, R. N. Mortimore, M. E. Jones and S. WillisThe deformation of high porosity chalks has become a major factor in understanding their performance as
hydrocarbon reservoirs. Chalks with porosities in excess of 30% readily undergo large volumetric strains when
subject to fluid production and pore pressure depletion in many cases passing through a phase transition from
elastic to ductile compaction behaviour with commensurate large increases in compressibility.
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