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ECMOR VIII - 8th European Conference on the Mathematics of Oil Recovery
- Conference date: 03 Sep 2002 - 06 Sep 2002
- Location: Freiberg, Germany
- ISBN: 978-90-73781-24-5
- Published: 03 September 2002
46 results
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3D Geological Model Construction Using a 3D Grid
More LessThis paper describes new approach to modelling geological structuren, using a grid of pillars in 3D. This method allows the creation of faults, horizons and zones within a single 3D grid. The construction of the grid is performed step by step, using the original data directly, as seismic interpretation and well picks
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Atomic Meshes - from Seismic Images to Reservoir Simulation
By D. HaleCombining image processing and optimization techniques, we automatically align a lattice of points (atoms) with horizons and faults in a 3-D seismic image. Connecting these points yields an unstructured space-filling polyhedral (atomic) mesh. This single data structure can integrate multiple tasks, such as seismic interpretation, reservoir characterization, and flow simulation, thereby reducing work cycle omes and errors.
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A New Approach for the Efficient Construction of 3D Geological Models for Reseroir Applications
More LessCurrently the principal problems in the construction of 3D models for reservoir applications are: • The complexity of the model building proces and the difficulty of iterating the process. • The time required defining the model and the computational time to build it. • The accuracy of the geometry and correctness of the topology of the model constructed. This paper describes the details of a new gridding method that is an extension of the POSC-Rescue multiblock approach. The details of the method and lts advantages will be described and discussed.
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Symmetric Positive Definite General Tensor Discretization Operators on Unstructured and Flow Based Grids
More LessThe derivation of algebraic flux continuity conditions for full tensor discretization operators has lead to efficient and robust locally conservative flux continuous finite volume methods for determining the discrete velocity field in subsurface reservoirs e.g [1-8].
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Correlation Function Behaviour in Productive and Nonproductive Layers
Authors I. O. Bayuk, A. A. Vikhorev, J. M. Hooper, Y. A. Kukharenko, B. Roy, J. H. Queen and E. M. ChesnokovA mathematical technique is suggested to calculate the 3-D spatial correlation functions for elasticity tensor components. The technique is based on the expansions of elasticity modulus fluctuations into the Fourier series. This method is applied for field data obtained at the seismic frequency. The results of calculations show the existence of maximum amplitudes and minimum of correlation radius of the correlation functions associated with enhanced inhomogeneities at some depth. It is observed that these depths well correlate with oil and gas location indicated by other independent methods. It is shown that the experimental correlation functions cannot be fitted with accepted accuracy by spherical Gaussian functions.
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Facies Simulation Using Membership Functions and Multi P-Field
Authors L. Labat, A. Shtuka, J. L. Mallet and B. CoureaudStochastic simulation techniques are increasingly used for modelling spatial distribution of categorical attributes (such as rock types) or continuous attributes (such as porosity or permeability). This procedure consists in generating alternative, equally probable 3D realizations, that mimic the heterogeneity expected in the real media and inferred from the available data.
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Stochastic Object-Based Simulation of Turbiditic Channels Constrained by Well, Proportion and High Resolution Seismic Data
By S. ViseurThe challenge of the object-based simulation approach presented in this paper is not only to account for well descriptions and proportion data but also to include channel parts inferred from seismic data analysis into the simulations. Indeed, recent progresses in exploration techniques (sonar images, high resolution seismic data and processing algorithms) enable the study of the detailed morphology of deep marine fans. In turbiditic systems, sinuous channel parts have been observed on high-resolution seismic data. Integrating such data then become essential for building realistic 3D reservoir models upon which field development strategies are based.
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A Geostatistical Approach to History Matching Pressure and Flow Data on Non-Uniform Grids
Authors O. I. Tureyen and J. CaersFine scale heterogeneities can have significant effects on flow performances in subsurface formations. Fine-scale geostatistical realizations generated from well-log and seismic data are required to quantify the impact of such heterogeneities on flow.
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Methods for History Matching under Geological Constraints
By J. CaersTwo geostatistical methods for history matching are presented. Both rely on the sequential simulation principle for generating geologically sound realizations. The first method relies on perturbing the sequential simulation through the perturbation of the conditional distribution models; the second method relies on the perturbation of random numbers. We show that both approaches are general in the sense that a large variety of geological scenarios can be generated while history matching. However, the conditional probability method is more efficient due to the ability to change the random path during the history matching procedure. We demonstrate these methods on two synthetic examples: a first example demonstrates how history matching can be performed under a training image based geological model constraint using multiplepoint geostatistics; a second example shows how a combinations with an existing streamline-based history matching algorithm can provide efficient history matching yet maintaining geological consistency.
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Gravity-Geological Modeling System
More LessThe results of gravity anomalous field modern techniques using for solution of complex geological talk are described. Relationship of density values of rocs and its composition and ore perspective is shown. Some recommendations for using authors methods by finding of gold-platinum deposits are given.
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Analysis of Oil Infiltration into Water-Unsaturated Horizontally Layered Porous Media
Authors E. L. Wipfler and S. E. A. T. M. van der ZeeConstant and continuons oil infiltration was considered from a point source into a low permeable horizontal layer of relatively small grain sizes and small pores with an underlying high permeable layer of relatively large grain sizes and large pores. Both porous media have a similar structure, i.e. similar pore structure but different mean pore sizes.
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Hysteresis in Three-Phase Porous Media Flow
Authors B. Plohr, D. Marchesin, P. Bedrikovetsky, J. E. Altoé F. and A. J. De SouzaWe consider a model for immiscible three-phase (e.g., water, oil, and gas) flow in a porous medium. We allow the relative permeability of the gas phase to exhibit hysteresis, in that it varies irreversibly along two extreme paths (the imbibition and drainage curves) that bound a region foliated by reversible paths (scanning curves). By numerically solving one-dimensional flow problems involving simultaneous and alternating injection of water and gas into a rock core, we demonstrate the effects of hysteresis.
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True Three-Phase Capillary Entry Pressures in Pore-Scale Modelling
Authors M. I. J. van Dijke and K. S. SorbieIn pore-scale modelling of three-phase flow it is commonly assumed that three-phase displacements can always be described as combinations of two-phase displacements.
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NAPL Recovery from Low Permeable Layers
Authors A. H. de Zwart, J. Bruining and A. de VriesA one-dimensional model that describes fluid flow from low permeable reservoir parts exposed on one end to steam temperature has been formulated. There is a no flow condition at the other end. Heat penetrates into the low permeable reservoir by conduction. The temperature profile is obtained from an experiment designed to quantify product recovery from indirectly heated reservoir Aarts. Preliminary results show a poor recovery from non-volatile components .
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Porous Media Deposition Damage from Injection of Water with Particles
Severe fall of injectivity in porous rock occurs from the practice in offshore fields of injecting sea water containing organic and urineral inclusions. In general, injection of a poor quality water in a well curtails its injectivity. The injectivity loss is assumed to be due to particle retention in the porous rock .
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On Approximation of Phase Equilibria of Multicomponent Hydrocarbon Mixtures and Prediction of Oil Displacement by Gas Injection
Authors V. M. Entov, F. D. Turetskaya and D. V. VoskovThis study is direct continuation of that presented in [1-7]. Further progress in using splitting of the problem of multicomponent two-phase flow into physicochemical and hydrodynamical parts is reported.
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MPFA for Faults with Crossing Layers and Zig-zag Patterns
Authors G. T. Elgestad, I. Avaatsmark, E. Reiso and H. RemeIn the last years the MPFA control-volume method has been developed for reservoir simulation on general grids.
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The Regularization IMPES Algorithms of the Reservoir Simulation in Inhomogenoius Media
Authors A. K. Pergament, S. B. Popov, Y. B. Radvogin and M. Y. ZaslavskyThe multi-component three-phase flow in inhomogeneous media has been considered. The methods are adapted to the multiprocessors computer MVS-1000 (64 Alpha processors, 800 MHz and 512 MB memory each). The explicit schemes have been preferred because they are more comfortable for parallel computations.
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Coupling Finite Volume and Boundary Element Methods for Flow Modelling
Authors L. Jeannin, R. Basquet and Y. DingFlow modelling in heterogeneous media is a great challenge, especially in the presence of wells or hydraulic fractures.
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Stochastic Resolution of Oil Displacement by Water in Randomly Heterogeneous Media
Authors M. Gabbouhy and D. GuerillotWe present a new stochastic numerical method for application to random porous media problems. This approach is fully stochastic as it couples both particle position and permeability realizations and enables us to calculate solution in only one simulation
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A Black-Oil Reservoir Simulator for Hexahedral Multiblock Grids
Authors S. H. Lee, P. Jenny, H. A. Tchelepi and C. WolfsteinerA black oil reservoir simulator was developed for hexahedral multi-block grids. An object-oriented approach for the design and implementation of the simulator was adopted. We discuss the general features and object-oriented (O/O) design of the simulator.
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The Development of an Optimal Grid Coarsening Scheme Utilizing the Dynamic Properties of the Fine-Scale Flow Data
Authors N. H. Darman, G. E. Pickup and K. S. SorbieThe accuracy of upscaling procedures can be improved by using non-uniform grid cells at the coarse scale level. Several researchers have investigated objective methods of selecting the optimal coarse grid configuration for a particular fine grid model 1-2. However, all of these works neglect the effect of fluid force balances and always assumed the model to be in viscous dominated flow. This paper describes a new optimal grid-coarsening scheme for two-phase flow in porous media based on the quantitative use of fine-scale simulation data. The main idea of this approach is to use fine-grid fluctuating moments to guide the choice of the coarse grid structure. These quantities are derived from the volume average saturation equation for different fluid force balances i.e. viscous, gravity and capillary. It is shown that this approach results in a more accurate prediction of quantities such as total oil recovery and fluid production ratio in coarse grid models.
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Steady-State 2-Phase Upscaling in Macro-Anisotropic Reservoirs
Authors G. A. Virnovsky, A. Lohne and H. KleppeIn a heterogeneous reservoir containing 2 liquid phases, e.g., oil and water, the flow rate in combination with small to medium scale heterogeneities in both absolute permeability and capillarity defines dynamic capillary entrapment of oil and water.
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A Method for Static-Based Up-Gridding
Authors R. M. Younis and J. CaersA method for up-gridding geostatistical reservoir models is proposed. The method generates well-adapted coarse-grid grids for a given realization and target coarse-scale dimensions. While most current grid generation methods are based on either local or global dynamic (flow rate dependent) measures, in this paper, we show that the inclusion of both local and global static information, can greatly improve computational cost while maintaining accurate flow response.
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Two-Phase Flow Through Fractured Porous Media
Authors P. M. Adler, I. I. Bogdanov, V. V. Mourzenko and J. -F. ThovertTwo-phase flow in fractured porous media is investigated by means of a direct and complete numerical solution of the flow equations in a three-dimensional porous medium straddled by a fracture network. The numerical model applies to arbitrary fracture network geometry, and to arbitrary distributions of permeabilities in the porous matrix and in the fractures. Calculations relative to two sets of networks are presented. An approximate model can be proposed to derive the macroscopic relative permeabilities. The macroscopic capillary pressure is not significantly different from the one of the porous medium only.
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Macrodispersion Approach for Upscaling of Two-Phase, Immiscible Flow in Heterogeneous Porous Media
Authors V. Artus and B. NoetingerThis paper focuses on upscaling of immiscible flow in porous media. It is currently admitted that classical pseudoization methods suffer lome limitations, mainly due to the fact that numerical and physical coarsening are coupled within this framework. In order to overcome this problem, we look at the analytical form of upscaled transport equations, reserving the grid blocks coarsening to a subsequent step.
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Generation of Low-Order Reservoir Models Using POD, Emperical Grammians and Subspace Identification
Authors R. Markovinovic, E. L. Geurtsen, T. Heijn and J. D. JansenIn this paper we present a number of data-driven approaches to obtain non-linear low-order models of heterogeneous reservoirs. Relying on the `proper orthogonal decomposition' (POD) method of snapshots, the proposed approaches scale-up an existing high-order dynamic reservoir model to a model of lower order.
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Filtration-Flow Effects and Variants of Constructing Nonlinear Filtration Laws in the Case of Violation of the Darcy Law with Isotropic Filtration Properties
Authors V. M. Maksimov and N. M. DmitrievNumerous experimental studies have established not only the possibility of using the Darcy law but also limits of its applicability. In the proces of these investigations, the Darcy law was shown to be valid for both isotropic and anisotropic media, but it is fulfilled merely within a certain range of flow velocities. Thus, the upper and lower boundaries for the applicability of the Darcy law can be indicated. The upper boundary is caused by the manifestation of inertial forces at high velocities, while the lower one, by physicochemical effects for interaction of a fluid with a solid skeleton and by non-Newtonian rheological properties of the fluid. In this study, we consider the generalizations of the Darcy law with isotropic filtration properties at high filtration rates.
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Upscaling of Permeability in the Well Vicinity on Distorted Gridblocks
By Y. DingUpscaling of absolute permeability has been long standing discussed. It is generally recognized that the main difficulty in permeability upscaling is the dependence of upscaling results on flow boundary conditions, which leads to a non-unique solution.
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Representation of Fractured Wells to Numerical Modeling Post-Fracturing Production from Tight Reservoirs
Authors T. Friedel, A. Nakrassov, A. Behr, G. Mtchedlishvili and F. HaefnerThe work presents a comparison study of different approaches to numerical modeling fractured wells in tight reservoirs. The simulation results were compared against the analytical solutions for an infinite and finite conductivity vertical fracture. The own method which combines elements of known approaches has been verified as advantageous in terms of compromise between the simulation accuracy and number of needed gridblocks.
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A Combined Orthomin and GMRES Linear Solver for Use in Reservoir Simulation
More LessThis paper summarizes the Orthomin¹ and GMRES² linear solvers. It presents a mapping from the Orthomin residual basis over to the GMRES basis that is used to switch solvers dynamically during the linear solve step in a reservoir simulator. This mapping enables a combined algorithm to adapt easily to problem complexity .
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Parallel Computing Using a Commercial Reservoir Simulator
Authors P. I. Crumpton, P. A. Fjerstad and J. BergeThis paper demonstrates that simulation of models of up to 10 million cells can be performed by means of parallel simulation. This allows both geologists and reservoir engineers to include more realistic geological detail for better and more reliable production optimization.
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Acceleration of the Fully Implicit Solution by Domain Decomposition and its Application in Black-Oil and Compositional Simulation
Authors L. Ganzer, A. Harrer and Z. E. HeinemannGenerally the Newton-Raphson method is applied to solve the non-linear equation system, where convergence depends on a small subset of slowly converging blocks. The use of adaptive implicitness can accelerate simulation runs in a way that not all blocks are treated fully implicit.
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Mathematical Aspects of a Fast IMFES Formulation for Solving Three-Phase Black Oil Equations
Authors S. Buitrago and H. KlieNowadays, there is an increasing demand to perform fast reservoir simulation studies. This has been mainly driven by the need to model larger reservoirs (consisting of millions of gridblocks) and to perform as many realizations as possible in order to quantify the uncertainty associated to the exploitation plans.
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Computational Science Issues in Modeling Oil and Gas Production
Authors M. F. Wheeler, M. Peszynska and B. RivièreWe address major computational science issues arising in modeling oil and gas production. We describe a new methodology based on mortar spaces which allow for multiple models and for dynamic upscaling not requiring pseudo functions. Also, we introduce a new Discontinuous Galerkin discretization which is higher-order, locally conservative and allows for non-conforming grids.
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Direct Conditioning of Fine-Scale Facies Models to Dynamic Data by Combining Gradual Deformation and Numerical Upscaling Techniques
Authors T. Schaaf, M. Mezghani and G. ChaventUpdating reservoir models through dynamic data integration requires the solution of an inverse problem that may be computationally intensive for multi-million cells geological models. History matching is commonly performed using upscaled flow simulation models without updating the original fine grid geological model. In this way, the drawback is that the consistency with the geostatistical parameters is no longer ensured.
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Using Genetic Algorithms to Invert Numerical Simulations
More LessThe use of automated inversion methods to condition numerical reservoir models to both static data (well-logs) and dynamic data (production data) is becoming more important. It is essential that any methodology should be: robust to problems in the numerical simulation; able to handle all of the different classes of variables present; and be efficient both in terms of the number of simulations required and the wall-clock time taken.
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Adaptive Selection of Parameterization for Reservoir History Matching
Authors A. -A. Grimstad, H. Krüger, T. Mannseth, G. Nævdal and H. UrkedalWe consider estimation of the absolute permeability, and enforce regularization by seeking to select the parameter space such that over-parameterization is avoided.
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Choosing Objective Function for Conditioning on Production Data
Authors R. Hauge, O. J. Arntzen and H. SolengIn this paper we consider the problem of choosing an objective function, or likelihood function, when conditioning a stochastic reservoir model on production data. We argue for a pragmatic approach where the objective function also should be judged upon its predictive value. To find candidates for objective functions, we propose that the correlation structure of production data under the prior distribution should be taken into consideration. Three different objective functions are compared; two of them are based on prior correlations while the third is a weighted sum of squares. We show by a realistic example that taking advantage of the correlation structure may increase the predictive value.
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Stochastic Approach to Optimization of Well Spacing in Lenticular Reservoir
Authors R. D. Kanevskaya, A. I. Vereskov and S. V. KorobkinThe new approach to simulation lenticular reservoirs using Boolean sets is presented. The probabilistic description of the lens system includes the shape and the sizes of the area, the shape of lenses, probability densities of lens location and of their sizes, total number of lenses in the domain. Connections between the system of lenses and the system of welk are studied.
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Uncertainty Propagation in the Well Log Interpretation Process
Authors F. Verga, D. Viberti and M. GonfaliniThe log interpretation proces is based on data acquired under environmental and thermodynamic conditions which may potentially affect the accuracy and the precision of the measurement system. All the possible sources of errors should be recognized and classified as systematic errors or random errors. Systematic errors should be corrected before interpretation whereas random errors propagation should be accounted for in the calculation process to evaluate the uncertainty associated to the final results.
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Prediction under Uncertainty in Reservoir Modeling
Authors M. Christie, S. Subbey and M. SambridgeReservoir simulation is routinely employed in the prediction of reservoir performance under different depletion and operating scenarios. Usually, a single history matched model, conditioned to production data, is obtained. The model is then used to forecast future production profiles. Since the history match is non-unique, this is essentially an inverse problem. Hence the forecast production profiles are uncertain, although this uncertainty is not usually quantified.
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In Situ Combustion Modeling in Porous Media Using Lattice Boltzmann Methods
By C. RediIn site combustion is a very complex proces which takes place in irregular porous structures not accessible by conventional computational fluid dynamics tools. After the process and the goveming equations have been presented the numerical method used to solve this problem is briefly introduced. The Lattice Boltzmann method is perfectly suited for fluid flow simulations in irregular structures. A multi channel geometry is considered to show the ability of the Lattice Boltzmann method to deal with fluid flow and heat transfer problems occurring in combustion processes. Finally results of the simulation of an in site combustion in an irregular porous structure are presented.
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