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PGCE 2008
- Conference date: 14 Jan 2008 - 15 Jan 2008
- Location: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Published: 14 January 2008
1 - 20 of 79 results
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Structural Controls on Hydrocarbon Migration & Accumulation: An Example Form the Muglad Basin, Sudan
Authors James Will Udo Agany and Hamdan MohamadThe Muglad Rift Basin of the interior Sudan forms an important part of the West and Central African Rift System. It is characterized by thick non-marine clastic sequences of Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous to Tertiary age. So far, well penetration is restricted to the Tertiary section in the deepest parts of the basin. However, more than 15 km of sedimentary section have been inferred from seismic data in the main trough.
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The Prospectivity Of Stratigraphic Traps In Group I Interval, Serok - Laba Barat Area, Block PM 324, Malay Basin
More LessThe Serok – Laba Barat area covers 20km x 20km, is located in open block PM 324 and geologically situated in the central part of the Malay Basin. It is made up of two east-west trending main culminations dissected by north-south trending sealing faults which were sites for typical fault-dependent plays exemplified by its three major discoveries: Serok (1979), Laba (1979), Laba Barat (1990). These discoveries proved significant hydrocarbon accumulations at mainly Groups E, F and H intervals. However most, if not all, of the previous wells drilled in the area did not adequately test the Group I section where nevertheless oil shows were observed.
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Basin Modelling and Petroleum System Analysis of Southern Sulu Sea - East Sabah Basin
By Chan Eng HoeThis paper presents the results basin modelling work done on the southern portion of Sulu Sea – East Sabah Basin. The study area straddles across the international boundary separating Malaysia and Philippine. A compilation of the seismic data, laboratories data and well data was prepared for the project under the agreement of both sides including but not limited to vitrinite reflectance data, temperature data and lithology data etc.
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Application of Development While Exploring (DWE) Approach in Marginal Fields Development in PCPPOC’s Block SK 305, Offshore Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors Foo Wah Yang, Azlan Ghazali, Medy Kurniawan and Bui Ngoc QuangPCPP Operating Company Sdn. Bhd. (PCPPOC), the Joint Operating Company of Sarawak Block SK305 PSC, is owned by a Consortium of Tripartite National Oil Companies, namely PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd. of Malaysia, PERTAMINA of Indonesia and PVEP of Vietnam.
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Utilizing Sequence Stratigraphic Concepts to Define New Plays in NW Sabah Basin
Authors Edy Kurniawan, Nurita Bt Ridwan and Robert Wong Hin FattNW Sabah basin, located in offshore of northwestern Sabah continental margin, is one of the most prolific hydrocarbon producing basins in Malaysia. The basin has been explored the last 110 years since the first exploration well Menombok-1 was drilled in 1897. The sequence stratigraphic study for NW Sabah Basin was conducted since first March 2007 in conjunction with basin evaluation study for this area. The main objective is to identify new hydrocarbon plays and leads other than the conventional play type in the study area with seismic sequence stratigraphic application.
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Using Core and Log Data to Link Depositional Environment with Oil System in Siliciclastic Reservoirs: Case Study from Muglad Basin, Sudan
Authors Yasir Mohamed Abdalla Ghorashi and Saif El Islam SulimanMuglad basin is the major part of Sudan rift system, which in turn, is a main component of West and Central Africa Rift-related System (WCARS). Sedimentary sequences of Muglad rift basin consist of nonmarine sequences of lacustrine and fluvial/alluvial facies of early Cretaceous to late Tertiary age directly rested upon the Precambrian basement. Muglad basin had passed through three sedimentary cycles. First sedimentary cycle began from early Cretaceous and its termination is marked, stratigraphically, by basin wide deposition of the thick sandstone of the Bentiu Formation. Second sedimentary cycle, occurred in late Cretaceous and seen in the widespread deposition of lacustrine and flood plain claystones and siltstones.
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Depositional Setting and History of Cored Intervals RS 8 Reservoir Block 1, South Caspian Sea, Turkmenistan
Authors David Ince, Gordon Yeomans and Graham BlackbournPETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd. has been actively exploring and developing the Block 1 area of the Central Caspian Sea, Offshore Turkmenistan for the past 10 years and to date has drilled 16 wells of which five have been cored, providing a near complete coverage of the RS8 reservoir section. The information derived form analysis of the cores provides invaluable control over the static and dynamic models developed to assess reserves and predict likely reservoir behaviour.
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A Geocellular Modeling Approach to Characterization of Fluvial Stacked Reservoirs – Northern Fields, Block PM-3 CAA, Malay Basin
More Less3D geocellular modeling is becoming commonplace in today's sub-surface workflows. This short paper outlines, with examples, an approach to modeling reservoir morphology from seismic data and limited well information in the pre-development phase of a project.
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Sequence of Slope Instability and Healing: Key to Predicting Deep-Water Reservoir Distribution in NW Borneo
Drilling results in deep-water Sabah acreage have proved the presence of sizeable turbidite reservoirs in the NW Borneo basin-slope environment. The reservoir distribution and quality, however, show significant spatial and temporal variation. Spatial Heterogeneity is related to different source terrains, shelf dynamics and the location of entry points into the upper slope. The temporal heterogeneity is ultimately linked to the episodes of tectonic deformation and subsequent geomorphologic healing by gravity flow deposition.
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Seismically Driven Reservoir Characterization Using an Innovative Integrated Approach: Application to a Fractured Reservoir
Authors Abdel M Zellou, Soren Christensen, Tanja Ebbe Dalgaard and Gary RobinsonThis paper presents an innovative integrated workflow applied to the characterization of a fractured chalk reservoir in the Danish North Sea. The methodology uses simultaneous integration of geophysical, geological and engineering data to produce an improved reservoir description. Integrating dynamic flow data with the geophysical and geologic information in 3D, reservoir properties - porosity and effective permeability- are generated using artificial intelligence tools. The strength of this technique lies in the fact that property modeling is not constrained to match upscaled well data and consequently these data serve to validate the outcome.
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The West Crocker Formation (Early Oligocene to Middle Miocene) in the Kota Kinabalu Area, Sabah: Facies, Sedimentary Processes and Depositional Setting
Authors Nizam A. Bakar, Abdul Hadi Abd Rahman and Mazlan MadonThe West Crocker Formation in Kota Kinabalu area in Sabah is one of the best exposed examples of deepwater sedimentary sequence in Malaysia. This paper describes and documents the detailed facies characteristics and sedimentology of outcrops, and proposes a depositional framework for the West Crocker Formation in the Kota Kinabalu area.
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Structural Evolution of Mehar/Mazarani Fold Belt Area, Pakistan
Authors Shamim Haider Ali and Ramly ManjaPCPL is the operator of the Mehar Block since 29th December 1999. The area in geological terms represents the first line of fold belt coming out of foredeep to the east. The current interpretation of the Kirthar Fold Belt (KFB) is of thick-skinned tectonics involving preexisting extensional faults developed during late cretaceous times (Dr. J Warburton, Nov. 2000)and Mehar - Mazarani Fold Belt (MMFB) is part of the KFB . However, in order to develop a better understanding of the evolution of the MMFB, it is desirable to develop an understanding of the configuration of the basement and overlying sediments through times. An attempt is being made to integrate surface geology, well data, 2D seismic data and other parts of the Pakistan basin as analogue to build a model that would help in understanding the relationship between the structural geology and stratigraphy of area through time. This would eventually help in determining new Play fairway of this area.
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Mid-Miocene Unconformity
More LessThe Mid-Miocene Unconformity (MMU) is recognized throughout the South China Sea passive margin. It marks the end of rifting that created the marginal basin. It is understood to represent the break-up unconformity when active rifting gave way to sea-floor spreading in the contiguous southwest extension of the abyssal plain. Anomalies are not constrained in this part of the abyssal plain because the oceanic domain is very narrow and the magnetic anomalies not well expressed. However, magnetic anomaly 5c, whose age is estimated at 16.6 Ma, has been identified 300 km NE of the wedge-shaped SW extension of the oceanic area (Huchon et al., 2001). There is no direct drilling evidence of the age of the MMU.
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The Palaeotopographic and Palaeodrainage Evolution of the South China Sea Hinterlands from the Late Cretaceous to Recent
Authors Paul Markwick and Kerri WilsonThe tectonic complexity of Southeast Asia is clearly expressed in the modern hinterland topography and drainage of the region. Consequently, as the underlying tectonics has evolved, so to has the landscape. This has had major implications for the character and flux of clastics into downstream basins through time, which in turn affects hydrocarbon potential at the basin to prospect scale. In order to help understand this complicated history, we have compiled a series of detailed plate tectonic and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions for the South China Sea region. Upon these maps we have built models of the palaeolandscape and palaeodrainage basins and river systems. The methodologies used in the mapping integrate a re-examination of the underlying structure and tectonics using GETECH’s in-house gravity and magnetic data and expertise, with detailed palaeoenvironmental mapping that distinguishes between sediment source areas (regions above contemporary base-level, sensu Wheeler, 1964) and depositional sites (areas below contemporary base-level). By mapping regional base-level, we implicitly include an understanding of the dynamics of the landscape and the boundary conditions (climate, vegetation, rock type, etc). The method also provides the means whereby we can link the maps directly to sequence stratigraphy, with the ultimate aim of developing fully dynamic palaeolandscape models. Topography is then added to these maps through comparison with the elevational distribution of comparable Recent tectonic regimes, fission track, hypsometric analysis and other palaeoaltimetry, sedimentological and provenance data where available. For Indochina and South China, the maps reveal a complicated history of uplift, erosion and river capture that is manifest in the changing sediment fluxes to the offshore basins, with major rivers such as the Mekong, Red and Pearl only developing their modern topology by the Late Miocene. This talk will discuss the methods used to generate the maps and show some examples of this work. We will also demonstrate how we are developing methods to provide detailed insights into sediment generation and distribution through the petroliferous basins of SE Asia.
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Pore Pressure Prediction as a Prospecting Tool, Input to Risk, Volumes and Field Development
Authors John Paul Brown and Suriani Sulaiman MustahimTraditionally, pore pressure predictions calculated from offset wells and interval velocity data have been used almost exclusively to design well casings and drilling mud weight programs. However, a pore pressure prediction also contains valuable information on how oil, gas and water is behaving in the subsurface and importantly how fluid pressures will effect top seals, fault seals and column heights in hydrocarbon prospects. PETRONAS Carigali have begun to use pore pressure as a critical input to pre-drill prospect
evaluation by combining fault and horizon information, derived from geological maps, with an understanding of how fluid migration and pore pressures, derived from pore pressure predictions, can affect trap risk and volumes. The use of pore pressure predictions as an primary exploration tool has the advantage that it does not require any additional computational work since a pore pressure prediction must be produced in order to design a well. The key change is a modification to the existing exploration workflow so that pore pressures are calculated during the initial exploration stage which allows them to be combined with mapped horizon and fault data to produce integrated geo-pressure / geometric trap scenarios.
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Sedimentological Analysis of an Early Miocene Tide-Influenced Deltaic/Coastal Plain System: Cycle II, Balingian Province, Offshore Sarawak
More LessThe Balingian Province of northwest Borneo contains a wide range of hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs, with production dominantly from Early Miocene coastal to lower coastal plain sand bodies. Previous studies have interpreted these deposits as being part of a fluvial-dominated coastal system (Almond et al., 1990). However, this study highlights the widespread occurrence of tidal indicators in the Balingian Province, suggesting a more strongly tide-influenced coastal regime. The occurrence of marine-influenced
organic-rich sediments, in particular mangrove-derived coal deposits (Wan Hasiah, 2003), also supports the tide-influenced coastal regime for the Balingian Province.
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Growing Evidence of Active Deformation in the Malay Basin Region
By H.D. TjiaVery young crustal movements in the Malay basin region point to the possibility of reactivation of regional faults in the basin that may compromise their sealing integrity. In addition, active or reactivated faults that are rooted in the pre-Tertiary basement and reach up close to the base of Quaternary seabed sediments of the basin pose obvious hazards to offshore installations.
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Climate Stratigraphy – A New Approach in Near-Synchronous Subsurface Correlation
By S. Djin NioAs oil and gas E&P is moving towards more mature phases, innovative new approaches are needed in petroleum geology. To find additional reserves in mature exploration areas and to improve production in existing fields, a better understanding of the spatial distribution and time-stratigraphic framework of the potential reservoirs and seals is needed. To meet these challenges, existing conventional stratigraphic methods have been improved and new stratigraphic concepts have been developed during the last decade. Amongst one of the most important concepts which have been proposed by the Exxon school a decade ago was sequence stratigraphy. Nowadays, sequence stratigraphy is widely applied in subsurface correlations and is becoming a routine practice. Sequence stratigraphy can best be seen as the delineation and correlation of changes in depositional trends that are generated during a base level cycle (see Embry, 2002). Despite the constant modification and improvement of the sequence stratigraphic concept, it did not reach an important objective – the construction of a near- synchronous stratigraphic correlation framework. One of the main reasons is the strongly model-driven approach of sequence stratigraphy which is preventing to construct an objective and reproducible correlation framework.
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Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Distribution in the Sarawak Basin, and Its Relationship with Entrapment
Authors Mansor Ahmad and Mohd Irwani SadiCarbon dioxide content in both associated and non-associated gases in Sarawak Basin fields varies up to a maximum of 90%. High CO2 content in natural gas reduces the economic value by lowering the saleable gas volume, as well as reducing the BTU content. In addition, special infrastructures are required to develop and process gas accumulations containing high CO2. Understanding the likely geological parameters that control CO2 regional distribution patterns will assist explorationist in targeting prospects with a lower CO2 content. General current understanding on the CO2 distribution in a basin are, CO2 percentage increases with depth and high percentage CO2 accumulation are of inorganic origin and tend to be associated with structures with deep seated faults to facilitate CO2 migration up dip from basement. However, we observe that CO2 percentage varies vertically in a field and does not necessarily increases with depth and could also decreases with depth. CO2 of same inorganic origin are present in several reservoirs of a field; and yet one reservoir may have very low CO2 compared to the other reservoirs. Field observations in the Sarawak Basin CO2 distribution are: 1) Depth of accumulation and origin of CO2 does not influence the percentage distribution.
2) Geometry of traps and seal effectiveness dictates how much CO2 the reservoir can hold. These scenarios are also observed in Sarawak Basin. Major marine transgressive shale provides good and effective top seal. Thus reefal carbonate terminated by drowning can support higher gas column with low CO2 content.
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Geomechanical Considerations Regarding EOR Efficiency and CO2 Sequestration
Authors David Castillo and David Bowling and Sunil NathAn accurate geomechanical assessment of the subsurface is vitally important when designing, executing and monitoring Enhanced Oil Recovery and CO2 Sequestration Operations. Detailed knowledge of the earth’s current stresses and pressures active in the reservoir (and overburden) provides valuable information for understanding how the reservoir (and overburden) will respond to injecting gases or fluids into reservoir rocks. The stresses operating in the area play an important role in inducing, preventing and controlling hydraulic fracturing (depending on the application). Controlling and containing hydraulic fractures is important for ensuring that the injected gases or fluids are contained within the reservoir during EOR operations. However, in some highly faulted environments, hydraulic fractures have been known to reactivate natural fractures or a faults which has resulted in fluids migrating away from the intended reservoir and minimizing production efficiencies. A case study will be presented in which primary production-induced stress changes were not considered when designing and executing EOR operations which significantly reduced the production performance. Efficient CO2 capture and containment will likely produce for our global societies important
environmental dividends. Geologic concerns include the selection of a suitable reservoir, the preservation of an impermeable top seal and prevention of fault and/or natural fracture reactivation that could breach the CO2 reservoir and cause unplanned leakage. Using a well-constrained geomechanical model it is possible to design a CO2 sequestration program that maximizes the long-term containment of CO2. Presented is a systematic workflow for analyzing in situ data to constrain the geomechanical model and use it to optimize CO2 containment in the context of cap rock integrity, fault leakage integrity and natural fracture stability.
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