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First EAGE International Conference on Fault and Top Seals - What do we know and where do we go?
- Conference date: 08 Sep 2003 - 11 Sep 2003
- Location: Montpellier, France
- ISBN: 978-90-73781-32-0
- Published: 08 September 2003
21 - 40 of 66 results
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Predicting Brittle Failure of Faults and Caprocks
Authors S. D. Mildren and R. R. HillisIn the context of many Australian hydrocarbon provinces, brittle failure is considered to be the critical factor controlling trap integrity. Fault reactivation and cap rock integrity are assessed for a fault-bound hydrocarbon trap in the Timor Sea, Australia, using a new approach to assessing brittle failure.
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Integrated Trap Integrity Analysis in a Reactivated Setting - Examples from the Northern Bonaparte Basin, Australia
Authors M. P. Brincat, W. R. Bailey, S. D. Mildren and M. LiskConventional fault seal analyses that utilise empirical relationships are frequently used to constrain the hydrocarbon column height that a fault can support. However, this type of approach comprises a static treatment for assessing fault seal capacity and therefore may not be appropriate in tectonically active areas where fault reactivation can lead to seal breach.
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Role of Geomechanical Simulations in Understanding the Evolution of Structural Damage
Authors G. D. Couples, H. Lewis, N. G. Higgs, P. E. Olden, S. Uehara and J. MaAs structural features develop, they acquire a wide range of imposed material discontinuities and surfaces onto which strain becomes localised. Each such localisation feature acquires a distribution (in time and space) of petrophysical properties as a direct consequente of its structural history, with an obvious dependency on the host rock types. Because the evolved petrophysical properties will often be considerably different from those of the "undeformed" host rocks, fluid flow simulations need to account for the presence of the localisation features. Predicting their properties, and especially their flow effects at a variety of scales, is one of the big challenges of today.
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Compartmentalisation in Rotliegend Gas Fields, Examples from Offshore and Onshore the Netherlands
Authors I. van der Molen, E. Zijlstra, J. Okkerman and P. ReemstInitiaily a single gas field is characterised by a single GWC, a single pressure system (on the geological timescale), a single gas composition and one GIIP. Spatially bounded subvolumes that need to be accessed individually to ensure their adequate depletion on the production timescale are called "compartments". There is no strictly physical definition for compartmentalisation. The time value of money and limitations of present-day well technology combine with natural, ofien complicated, internal reservoir architecture and associated geologic distributions of physical properties to make a field compartmentalised.
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Sub-Seismic Faults and Their Possible Influence on Overpressure and Hydraulic Leakage - Examples from Offshore Norway
Authors A. E. Lothe, H. Borge and R. H. GabrielsenThe sealing properties of the major fault in a sedimentary basin are potentially important, timevariable parameters in the evaluation of lateral fluid flow. The sealing capacity of fault depends on lithology, burial depth, diagenesis and throw. Though, large uncertainties are associated with the intepretation of hardly detectable faults where such occur in the continuation of larger fault zones on seismic. Such sub-seismic faults can contribute to the establishment of pressure compartments in sedimentary basin.
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The Oseberg Field (Northern North Sea) - Sealing Potential of Faults
Authors J. A. Clausen, S. Thibeau. J. -P. Rolando, R. H. Gabrielsen, M. Green and T. RivesThe Oseberg Field, which is the one of the largest hydrocarbon field in the Norwegian North Sea, is located approximately 140 km WNW of Bergen, Norway. This study concentrates on the northem parts of the Oseberg Field, namely the Alpha North Structure and the northem parts of the Alpha Main Structure.
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The Use of Critical State Mechanics to Predict the Deformation within the Reservoir Setting
Authors R. J. Cuss and S. HorsemanCritical state soil mechanics shows that complex deformation can be described by a series of surfaces in the effective mean stress (p¹), differential stress (q¹) and void ratio (v) pararnetric space.
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Experimental Approach to Asses Fault-Seal Potential of Shale Smear
By M. TakahashiTo quantify the fault-seal potential of shale smear, a series of laboratory experiments of Takahashi [2003] has been performed on permeability change during deformation of simulated shale smear. Accompanying the field observation, the author tried to apply the experimental methodology to natural sandstone-shale successions. This shows preliminary results of experimentally shale smear reproducing with continuous permeability monitoring, using natural sandstone-shale interbedded specimens obtained from Miri oil field (Upper Miri Formation, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia), and the results of field observations at Airport Road outcrop in the same oil field.
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Fault Zones as Heterogeneous Volumes - What Do They Consist of and How Should We Treat Them in Fault Seal Evaluation?
Authors S. S. Berg, R. H. Gabrielsen, T. Skar and E. ØianAs part of a multi-disciplinary project, where one of the main goals is to improve the description of fault zones in fluid flow modeling, detailed analyses of the architecture of fault zones have been carried out. This contribution focuses on common architectural characteristics of normal fault zones based on selected outcrop studies, and emphasizes important aspects of fault zone components, which largely have been excluded in modeling of subsurface faults.
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A Comparison of Two Fault Seal Analysis Techniques, Case Study from Eastern Venezuela
Authors M. A. Pachell, C. Rankin and P. FarfanAnalysis of an extensional fault array in a siliciclastic sequence from eastern Venezuela provides insight into the effectiveness of two fault seal analysis techniques: juxtaposition and the shale gouge ratio (SGR, Yielding et al., 1997).
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The Three-Dimensional Architecture of Small-Scale Faults in Unconsolidated Sediments
Authors M. B. Kristensen and J. A. KorstgårdPrediction of fluid flow in hydrocarbon reservoirs is complicated by the presence of faults, which may act as barriers to fluid flow, as conduits for flow, or be partially transmissive. Seismically resolvable faults can be mapped and incorporated explicitly into reservoir evaluation studies, but understanding the influence of sub-seismic faults, which may be important over production timescales, is more problematic. Understanding the development and geometry of small-scale faults in addition to their microstructures and internal fault zone architecture is therefore vital for optimizing fluid flow models. Faults in unconsolidated sediments described here provide a unique opportunity to study both fault zone structure in relation to fault offset and the geometrical interactions between faults
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Risking the Impact of Sub-Seismic Relay Zones on Fault Seal Capacity
Authors C. Childs, T. Manzocchi, J. Imber, C. G. Bonson and J. J. WalshFaults are frequently segmented both in map view and in cross-section. Displacement is transferred between adjacent fault segments with high displacement gradients via a zone of high strain, often referred to as a relay zone.
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Fluid Flow in Faults - Modelling with the Athena Reservoir Simulator
Authors T. Skar, S. S. Berg, A. Braathen, R. H. Gabrielsen, I. Garrido and E. ØianThe architecture of faults has significant influence on fluid flow behaviour in deformed reservoirs. The internal architecture and geometry of fault zones may vary from those with a simple geometry and structure to those with multiple fault strands within a complex architecture.
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Sand and Shale Smear in Soft-Sediments
Authors R. K. Davies, R. J. Knipe, H. Lickorish and A. LiFaults that develop in recently deposited sediments, especially those in water-logged submarine sediments, are mechanically different fiom those in more deeply buried cemented rock. Many of these faults form due to gravity flow processes such as the instability at the toes of prograding delta fronts. In a heterolithic sand and clay-rich section both sands and shales smear into the fault zone with fault displacement. Predictive methods for determining the distribution of fault rocks across the fault surface in soft sediments must consider the effects of both the clay and sand smear in the fault zone.
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Fault Gouge Evolution in Highly Overconsolidated Mudrocks - A Field Study
Authors M. Holland, J. L. Urai, W. van der Zee and J. KonstantyFaults in brittle lithologies can form highly conductive fluid pathways at small displacements. At increasing displacement the transport properties of the fault zone are more complex. In sandstones and carbonates cataclastic gouges are formed which remain rather permeable but may be re-cemented by diagenetic fluids.
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Experimental Investigation of Clay Smear Processes in a Geotechnical Direct Shear Apparatus
Authors J. L. Urai, R. Schmitz, W. van der Zee and P. VrolijkClay smear is an important process in siliciclastic sequences, but the details of the evolution of fault zones in sand-clay layered sequences are poorly understood. This project presents the results of an experimental investigation of clay smear processes, using a geotechnical direct shear apparatus.
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Fault Conduit/Fault Seal Behavior, South Eugene Island Block 330 Field, Offshore Louisiana
Authors S. Losh and L. Cathles IIIFaults commonly serve a dual purpose in the petroleum system: as conduits of hydrocarbon to reservoirs, and as seals for those same reservoirs.
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