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Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2018
- Conference date: April 23-27, 2018
- Location: Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Published: 23 April 2018
1 - 100 of 149 results
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The concept of an automatic navigation and measurment aerogeophysical complex
Authors G. Trigubovich, S. Shevchuk, A. Sverkunov and S. BarsukovSummaryIn article the concept of an automatic navigation and measurment aerogeophysical complex that used for multi-method manned aerogeophysical survey without navigator and operator-geophysist staff is considered.
The operation of the complex is based on the use of a combination of authoring programs RouteNav and QAeroRecorder or other software with the same functions, which receive and process the measured navigational and geophysical data and transmit the necessary information to the interactive monitor in the cockpit. This information makes ability of better than 10 meter tracing error following the project routes providing fully automated surveying with monitoring of malfunctions of measuring systems.
The developed complex is applicable to airborne geophysical systems of the “Impulse-Aero” type and other systems using an airplane or a helicopter as a carrier of measuring devices.
The advantages of this complex are both an increase in economic efficiency due to increased automation, and convenience and ease of use for pilots. The complex is at the testing stage.
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Method Unsteady «Active» Thermometry in the Diagnosis of Wells
Authors R.F. Sharafutdinov, A.Sh. Ramazanov, R.A. Valiullin, V.Y. Fedotov and D.V. KosmilinSummaryWhen diagnosing the condition of oil and gas wells are important tasks like: determining the individual flow rates for individual layers in a multilayer system, the determination of the inflow profile in the low production wells, the determination of the interval behind-the-casing motion with a quantitative evaluation of the rate of flow, etc. One of the widely used methods is the thermometry. However the informativity, the method of the thermometry when solving a problem, by definition, behind the casing flows “from above” remains quite low. In this respect promising is the method of active thermometry based on the use of artificial thermal field in the borehole thermometry, in particular, created during induction heating of the column.
The paper presents the results of theoretical, laboratory experiments and field data using the method of “active radiometry”. The main useful features are the amount of change of the temperature, direction and speed of movement is created “thermal labels”.
Analysis of the theoretical, experimental and field data shows that the prospects of a new approach in the temperature logging tool for diagnosing the state of the well and reservoir
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Electromagnetic Monitoring of the Salt Karst Processes Development
Authors V. Kolesnikov and T. LaskinaSummaryThe electromagnetic monitoring system, adapted for the urbanized regions conditions, has been considered with the purpose to control the physical condition of the waterproof strata on the territory of salt deposits on the base of the experimental surveys and results of the numerical modelling to promote the increase of the safety of salt deposits mining. Taking into account the results of the experimental surveys, geological peculiarities of salt deposits, mining methods and theoretical hypothesis of the karst process, the dynamic geoelectrical model of the waterproof strata distortion, salt karst processes development and possible the Earth’s surface failure forming has been designed to increase the validity of the electromagnetic data interpretation and prediction of the negative phenomena.
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Variability Shapes the Curve of the Real Component of the Impedance of the Environment by the Frequency for the Inhomogeneous Polarized Environment
Authors A.A. Miller and V.N. MelnikovSummaryWe were taken in the field spectra of the real and imaginary components of the voltage on the measuring electrodes, of which the received quadrature components of apparent resistivity was calculated;
- there was in general two types of spectra: with a monotonic ascent real components with the growth of period and with maximum in area of frequency in the order of several Hertz;
- were able to simulate the general course of the spectra, which confirmed the mechanism of formation of maxima in the spectrum of the real components by superimposing the spectra of emission and absorption of host rocks and rocks of the high polarizability;
- the existence of a maximum in the spectrum of the real components of resistance may indicate the presence of sub-vertical layer of high polarizability between the supply and measuring electrodes.
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Detection of Hydrogeological and Biogenic Factors of Decrease of Bearing Capacity of Sandy-argillaceous Soils by Methods of Engineering Electrical Prospecting in the Conditions of St. Petersburg City
Authors V.V. Glazunov, N.N. Efimova and A.Y. TatarskiySummaryGeophysics makes it possible to distinguish the intervals of the geological section in the soil under of foundations, which undergo biogenic contamination and seasonal changes of hydrogeological conditions. The results of complex application of ground penetration radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) for revealing hydrogeological and biogenic factors influencing the state of sandy-argillaceous soils under of foundations are presented
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Gravimetric Monitoring of Technogenic Impact on Geological Environment
Authors S.G. Bychkov, A.V. Michurin and A.A. SimanovSummaryThe results of gravimetric studies conducted to study the consequences of the development of the Verkhnekamsk potash deposit are presented. Monitoring observations of the field of gravity reveal the dynamics of rock mass deformation processes and allow the forecasting of dangerous and catastrophic situations. It is shown that modern methods of processing and interpreting high-precision monitoring survey significantly increase the ability to predict negative engineering-geological phenomena. Examples of gravimetric studies in emergency areas of mines are given.
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Integration of Electrical and Gravity Data in the Allocation of Water Areas
Authors S.G. Bychkov, I.Yu. Mityunina and Yu.I. StepanovSummaryIn order to develop a set of methods for studying groundwater deposits associated with zones of increased fracturing, integrated geological and geophysical explorations including high-precision gravity survey and self-potential exploration were performed. The works were carried out at two groundwater deposits located in the administrative boundaries of the city of Kirov. As a result of a complex analysis of geological and geophysical data, areas of high-amplitude anomalies of gravitational and natural electric fields are identified, coinciding with zones of increased density of megafracturing of rocks obtained on the basis of interpretation of aerospace and space images. Water availability of sites is confirmed by the results of hydrogeological surveys.
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Laboratory Researches of Intensity Vibrating Signal and Acoustic Issue on Samples of Ferruterous Quartzites KMA, the Analysis of Results
Authors J.S. Pogorelov, B.J. Adigamov, J.V. Taletsky and S.V. SergeyvSummaryFor improvement of a technique of the forecast of danger of mountain blow the analysis of results of laboratory researches of a vibration signal and acoustic issue at axial compression of samples of the KMA ferruterous quartzites is made. Noted local decrease of intensity of a vibration signal at monotonous increase in tension in rock is explained by manifestation of residual deformation of rocks, and the subsequent its increase - manifestation of elastic stratification of rocks before their destruction. The schedules of intensity of a vibration signal calculated according to laboratory data significantly differ from accepted standard, but correspond received at underground researches of a massif, are well differentiated in a form - therefore can be used for a quantitative assessment of danger of mountain blow, as a percentage of strength of the massif
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Application of 2D Electrical Sounding With Capacitive Electrodes for Investigations of St. Petersburg Underground Space
Authors A.F. Volynin and A.Y. TatarskiySummaryThis paper is presenting the results of comparison of the dipole-dipole array with capacitive electrodes and its grounded equivalent and the results of testing 2D electrical sounding with capacitive electrodes for studying of subsidence of the soil of the Arsenal embankment of St. Petersburg. Application of capacitive electrodes technologies extends the possibilities of electrical sounding for the city underground space. It allows obtain quantitative information about the soils of the upper part of the section.
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Assessment of a Seismic Potential in the Design of Critical Structures in the Regions With a Pure Information on Seismicity
Authors G.Ya. Khachikyan, A.B. Sadykova and A.S. InchinSummaryTo locate critical facilities, for example, nuclear power facilities, seismically quiet territories are usually chosen. At the same time, in many continental regions the periods of recurrence of strong earthquakes can be hundreds or more years that results in a deficit of seismic information for assessment of a seismic potential of this region (maximal possible magnitude of earthquake - Mmax). We propose an alternative approach for estimation of a seismic potential, based on the use of values of geomagnetic Z-component estimated in the Geocentric Solar-Magnetosphere coordinate system (ZGSM). The scientific and methodological foundations of this approach and the regression relation for estimation of Mmax on the base of the ZGSM value were developed by us earlier [Khachikyan et al., 2012, IJG, doi: 10.4236/ijg.2012.35109], and in this report we give the coefficients of a relation for different regions with different type of tectonics: Alpine-Himalayan orogeny belt, San Andreas Fault, subduction areas in the South-East Asia, and for the most seismic region in the Northern Tien-Shan.
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Air and Ground-based Mobile Em-systems Application Effectiveness in Engineering Surveys
Authors Yu.Yu. Dmitriev and G.M. TrigubovichSummaryAt the present, new technologies, equipment and processing means for EM research have been developed and introduced into the practice in ground and airborne engineering surveys.
These technologies have been tested in various engineering and geological conditions and showed high metrological characteristics, confirmed by electric logging and drilling data.
The use of such technologies improves the productivity and reliability of engineering and geophysical research and reduces the cost.
Airborne electric prospecting is the most cutting-edge for engineering surveys at infrastructure facilities (gas and oil pipelines, road and railroads, power lines).
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Complex of EMS, Electrical Logging and Up-hole Velocity Survey Methods Application for Near-surface Exploration to Predict Optimal Charge Depth During Common Depth Point CDP Surveys
Authors Yu.Yu. Dmitriev, I.A. Gots, I.A. Batmanov, G.M. Trigubovich and S.M. RyaboshapkoSummaryTo choose the optimal conditions for the explosion (the depth of the charge and its size) during the seismic SDP exploration works it was proposed to apply a set of methods of electrical logging + up-hole velocity survey + electromagnetic scanning.
This complex has been tested in various regions of the Russian Federation (Western Siberia, Evenkiya, and the North of the European part) and has confirmed its effectiveness in the various structures of the near-surface. Test explosions in alternative wells of CDP have shown the reliability of the forecast by the proposed complex no worse than 90%.
The application of this set of methods is aimed not only at improving the quality of field seismic data, but also allows reducing costs for up-hole velocity survey by 10–20 times and assuming the use of obtained materials for the introduction of statistical corrections in the processing of CDP.
Considering the incomparably higher informative and unambiguous results of new studies compared with the traditionally used techniques, the electrical logging + up-hole velocity survey + electromagnetic scanning complex should be recommended for inclusion in standard field seismic operations of CDP with an exploder source.
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Engineering Seismics Opportunities in Estimating Underground Potable Water Reservoirs in the Mountain River Valley
Authors B.A. Kanareikin, E.Yu. Goshko, E.V. Mosyagin, A.S. Salnikov and A.V. SagaidachnySummaryEngineering-seismic studies of the shallow subsurface in the Teberda River valley (Karachay-Cherkess Republic) were carried out with the aim to rectify spatial boundaries of ground-water deposits in the river paleocut, being a promising target for water by the results of previous prospecting.
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The Study of the Burial Mound of the Ancient Nomads of Kazakhstan Using the Methods of Shallow Geophysics
Authors M. Gontar, I. Mirkhashimov, I. Pavlov and E. TolegenovSummaryThis article presents the results of the application of geophysical research methods (electrical resistivity imaging, electromagnetic profiling) in the study of the burial mound of the Saka period in the southeastern part of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The method of production is described. The results of processing and interpretation of the obtained data are presented. Conclusions are made about the possibilities of using a complex of geophysical methods in archaeological research.
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Perspectives of using the impulse powder seismic source to solve shallow diamond prospecting problems in Western Yakutia
Authors A.G. Yaroslavtsev, A.I. Babkin, E.M. Goncharov and V.M. BoyarovSummaryThe experience of using the “Impulse powder seismic source” for decision shallow problems in the propagation zones of perennial-frozen rocks is reviewed in this work. The energy characteristics of the source and the penetration depth of the seismic signal were estimated. The results of using the proposed source and the explosive excitation method were compared. The detail characteristics of the developed seisgun are given. The advantages of the seisgun are shown in the control of the upper part of the section within the kimberlite field in the territory of Western Yakutia.
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Electrical prospecting with using of TE- and TM-polarization fields for testing ore objects at East Kazakhstan
Authors A.V. Zlobinskiy, V.S Mogilatov, D.A Inkin and V.F GmuroSummaryTraditionally, for electrical prospecting survey is used TE-polarization field, usually. TE-polarization field is generated by loop and horizontal line usually using at survey. Magnetotelluric method use TE-polarization field basically. Using of TM-polarization field give great possibilities for testing ore objects. Using of TM-polarization field give possibility of identification of small size, and small contrast objects at big depth. Example of complex survey with using TE- and TM-polarization field is given at the article.
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Using of Resistivity and Indused Polarization Methods for Studying of Sand-Gravel Deposits in Kaluga Region
Authors S.A. Anoshina, V.A. Kulikov and A.V. SolovievaSummarySand-gravel mixes (SGM) are among the minerals of multi-purpose use. Traditionally, various modifications of vertical electric sounding are used to search and study sand-gravel deposits. Today, geophysicists are faced with the task not only to discover the boundaries of the SGM deposit, but also to determine its main properties, for example, to identify areas characterized by a high percentage of gravel. Studying of the nature of induced polarization (IP) over the deposits of sandy-gravel deposits provides additional information on the composition of the sandy-gravel mixes. In 2015–2017, geophysical studies were conducted in the framework of studying practices aimed at studying the processes of induced polarization over known sand and gravel deposits in Kaluga region. The obtained results showed that, using the IP method, under certain favorable conditions, it is possible to determine sections enriched with gravel fraction. Geophysical results are confirmed by laboratory measurements of induced polarization on samples and drilling data.
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Seismic Inspection of the Rock Mass Consolidation Grouting in the Zone of Anthropogenic Accident
Authors I.A. Sanfirov, A.A. Zhikin, G.U. Priima and A.V. NezhdanovSummaryThe authors of the article presented the technology of seismic survey on the anthropogenic accident territory with the purpose of strength development control in the rock mass consolidation grouting zone.
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Physical-geological Model of Karst According Airborne Electrical Surveys
Authors M.G. Pustozerov and G.M. TrigubovichSummaryDiscusses the physical-geological model (FGM) karst developed according to the surveys by the method of TEM on a known area of destruction in the Perm region. It is shown that karst objects are securely fixed according to the airborne geophysical survey. Furthermore it is established that the zone of destruction is also prepared by the contrast of vydelyayutsya objects with abnormally low soprotivlenie. On the basis of FGM established major and minor criteria for the selection of karst sites and their evaluation according to the materials of the surveys.
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Features of Seismic-geoelectric Models of Landslides of Various Structural Types
Authors S. Burlutskiy, V. Glazounov, N. Efimova and A. EremeevaSummaryDesign, construction and operation of various engineering structures in conditions of development of dangerous landslide processes requires detailed study of landslide slopes. One of the most priority tasks in the study of landslides is the study of its structural features. Modern tomographic technology extends the capabilities of engineering geophysics in order to obtain representative information on the structure of landslides. The seismo-geoelectric model of structural landslides presented in this work increases the effectiveness of geophysical methods. Performed a comparative analysis of seismic-geoelectric models of landslides of various structural types makes it possible to identify and emphasize features that must be taken into account when geophysical studies of landslide slopes are carried out.
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Combined Investigation by Thermal Imaging and Georadar Scanning for Voids Detection under Reinforced Concrete Slabs of Fastening Soil Slopes of Hydraulic Structures
Authors V.V. Glazunov, V.G. Shtengel, V.S. Nedyalkov, N.N. Efimova and S.M. DanilevSummaryThe technique of identification and size determination of voids under the reinforce-concrete plates of canals and dams is developed. This method is based on combined investigation by thermal imaging and georadar scanning. The results of mathematical and physical design of georadar effects of cavities are presented. The results of experimental researches of well-known cavities are given.
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Determination of the Location of Pipelines by the Method of High-precision Magnetometry in Engineering and Environmental Surveys
Authors L.P. Parfenova, A.I. Semyachkov, V.E. Petrov and A.A. KoshelnikSummaryGeophysical work performed by the method of high-precision magnetometry in difficult industrial site conditions allows solving problems on revealing the places of laying buried pipes and other ferro-concrete and iron structures.
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The Use of Geophysical Research Methods for Obtaining Hydrogeological Information Within the Engineering-geological Survey
Authors L.P. Parfenova, A.I. Semyachkov, V.V. Kuchin and A.V. KlimshinSummaryAs a result of the work, it was possible to track the area occupied by the dump of the stale oxidized and mixed ore, that the main aquifer of groundwater is confined to the weathering crust of the bedrock, for which the monolithic gabbro serves as a water repellent. Research methods - vertical electric sounding (VES) and audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) measurements in the version of electrical profiling and sounding.
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Experience in the Use of Geophysical Studies for the Management of Geoecological Conditions in a Field Practiced by the Method of Underground Leaching
Authors L.P. Parfenova, A.I. Semyachkov, V.A. Pochechun and V.V. BodinSummaryGeophysical studies using the seismic method were carried out to detect old mine workings that were completed during the initial development of the deposit, on the border with the site of the cryolite plant. Geophysical studies using the seismic method carried out on the territory of the deposit made it possible to identify and tamp down old mountain areas, reduce the risks of formation of unplanned leaks of productive solutions, and also generally improve geo-ecological conditions in the mining area.
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The Use of Geophysical Studies to Solve the Problem of Additional Drainage of the Quarry (on the Example of the Northern Copper-zinc Mine)
Authors L.P. Parfenova, A.I. Semyachkov, M.V. Arkhipov and V.V. BodinSummarySeismic studies to identify tectonic disturbances as potential zones of increased water conductivity were carried out using the seismic profiling method. The physical prerequisite for the application of the seismic method for the detection of tectonic disturbances is the seismic wave field reaction to the change in the physicomechanical properties of the fractured rocks in the zone of influence of the breaking disruption. As a result of the use of geophysical surveys performed by the method of seismic profiling, areas of increased water conductivity were identified on the southern side of the SMRR quarry.
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Electrical Resistivity Tomography of the Flangs Quartz-gold-sulfide Deposits: The Experience in Eastern Sayan (Russia)
Authors V.V. Olenchenko, A.N. Shein and A.S. KalganovSummaryIn the mountainous conditions of the Eastern Sayan on the flangs of one of the quartz-gold sulfide deposits, electrical exploration was performed using the method of electro resistivity tomography with measurement of the induced polarization. The main goal of the research is mapping of ore control structures and tracing them to depth. With the help of special devices, the step between electrodes from 5 to 10 m was increased with the use of standard cables. This made it possible to obtain a geoelectric model to a depth of 200–230 m. Known ore control zones of cataclasis and mylonitization are traced by linear anomalies of low electrical resistivity. In the near-contact parts of these zones, an increased polarizability of rocks associated with sulfidization is established. A geoelectric anomaly was discovered, interpreted as an unknown ore zone.
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Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Aerogeophysics
Authors G. Trigubovich, S. Shevchuk, S. Barsukov, V.N. Nikitin and S.A. ArbuzovSummaryThe article presents a review and analysis of the prospects for the use of unmanned aerial systems (UAVs) for aerogeophysical studies. The requirements for unmanned aerial systems used for geophysical surveying and for surveying equipment are determined. Recommendations for the selection of unmanned aerial systems for the geophysical survey tasks are given. The conclusion made that the most optimal class of unmanned aerial systems for geophysics are aerodynamic class of devices which include aircraft and rotor UAVs. The current experience of using unmanned systems in aerogeophysics in Russia and abroad is considered. Also, modern problems of unmanned aerial systems are considered: the questions of the legal issues of using UAVs, as well as the problems of power supplies and the reduction of economic efficiency when increasion the area of work.
A conclusion is made about the high relevance and prospects of this direction in aerogeophysics.
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Use of Geochemical Prospecting and Evaluation Methods in the Potentially Oil-rich Territories
Authors T.S. Bobina, V.B. Boltyrov and S.G. PanyakSummaryThe analysis of existing geochemical methods of search and prediction of hydrocarbon deposits is given. A critical analysis of existing methods of forecasting oil and gas fields, the recommendations sequence geochemical reference works was made. Specificity of the most effective technologies of the two organizations used today JSC “NPC Geokhimiia” (Russia) and “Petro Geokhim Service” (Germany) was defined. The possibility of modernizing and optimizing existing methods, reducing the cost of field work and analysis is shown. The mathematical apparatus used to create predictive maps on carbonaceous materials is considered. The high quality of the analytical data produced by “Petro Geokhim Service” was noted, which can serve as a reliable basis for mapping the forecast. Practical recommendations on the location of surface geochemical survey in the complex hydrocarbon exploration in general were given; the optimal network testing was proposed and the conclusion about the possibility of a significant reduction in the list of analyzed hydrocarbons was made.
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A Comprehensive Airborne Geophysical Survey in the Localization of Gold Objects of Different Types
Authors M.G. Pustozerov and G.M. TrigubovichSummaryThis article discusses the criteria for the allocation of gold objects in different geological settings. The ideology of the interpretation is based on physical and geological model of the gold mineralization in cernoslancevyh reservoirs, taking into account the private factors. Are examples of deposits in geophysical and radiochemical fields in North-East Russia.
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Modern Processing Techniques of Shallow Marine Seismic Surveys
Authors S.A. Vakulenko and S.V. BuryakSummaryShallow marine seismic acquisitions are widely used for geohazard seismic assessments, platform site surveys, top-well drilling site investigations, 4D reservoir characterization and other studies.
Modern shallow marine seismic acquisition approaches require complex state-of-art processing techniques. Broadband frequency range, short offsets, shallow towing of receiver spread and other data acquisition aspects complicates data processing significantly. In the article we will consider high resolution shallow seismic marine statics, deghosting, designature, multiple elimination and 3D regularization aspects, required to cover all shortcomings, related to the acquisition aspects.
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Sunnyside Deposit: A Calibration Site for Airborne EM Systems
Authors A. Viezzoli, A. Menghini, G. Selfe and V. KaminskiSummarySunnyside deposit (Botswana) has been heavily studies using a number of geophsical methodologies, including TEM, AMT and four airborne EM systems. Therefore, it became a de-facto calibration site for airborne EM systems and current paper is showing the result of inverse modelling verified against the drilling data.
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Modern Electro-prospecting Technologies for Searching and Exploration of Ore Deposits
Authors V.A. Kulikov, S.V. Zaytsev and A.G. YakovlevSummaryThere has been a qualitative improvement of existing technologies and the emergence of completely new geophysical techniques. New directions in ground-based electrical prospecting are associated with the development of audio-magnetotelluric sounding, magnetovariance techniques, electromotography, spectral induced polarization, etc.
The use of powerful and fast computers significantly reduced the time of processing and interpretation of electro-prospecting data, and made it possible to move to a qualitatively new level of 2D and 3D interpretation of the results.
A new technique for ground-based electro-tomography was developed, using asymmetrical axial installations, to solve ore problems with a depth of 400–500 m. The technique was successfully tested on copper-porphyry, skarn, and polymetallic deposits.
An advanced technology was proposed for using multifrequency measurements of the differential phase parameter of the IP for solving important geological problems of ore geophysics: separation of anomalies of SP from carbonaceous, graphitized rocks and sulphide ores, etc.
A new technique for inter-well electrotomography (IWE) has been developed. A successful field testing of the method at the Norilsk ore deposit was carried out.
The introduction of magnetotelluric methods into the ore geophysical complex increased the depth of electrical exploration and made it possible to identify deep-lying large deposits.
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On the Feature of Two-phase Filtration in a Porous Medium Under Elastic-wave Action
Authors E.A. Marfin, A.A. Abdrashitov, R.N. Gataullin and A.G. GavrilovSummaryThe method of developing oil deposits, based on the injection of water into the reservoir, does not allow the extraction of oil from the bowels completely. This is due to the Saffman-Taylor instability phenomenon. The effect of superimposed nonstationary flow on the stability of the interface between two liquids (water and oil) is theoretically considered in the work. It is shown that there is a critical wave number, beyond which the interface of liquids is stable without the formation of "tongue". To confirm theoretical conclusions, it is necessary to establish and conduct experimental studies in a wide frequency range.
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Three-segment Technique of Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Results of Studies of the Moskva-river Valley Near Zvenigorod Biological Station of Moscow State University (Lucino, Moscow Region)
Authors D. Bolshakov, I. Modin, K. Efremov and T. TopilinaSummaryResults of experimental and methodical works with application of a three-segment technique of Electrical Resistivity Tomography are presented in the message. Measurements are executed on the land and on the water area of the river along one profile by a uniform technique. Field data with maintaining detail, uniform, continuity and depth along the entire profile of observations 1300 meters long are obtained.
The three-segment technique possessing with increased depth of research in comparison with the generally accepted two-segment standard technique is described. The results of the 2D inversion satisfactorily agree with the geological information on the structure of the river valley. By results of the analysis and interpretation of a section of electrical resistivity the main elements of the river valley structure were identified. Information about the properties and geometry of deposits of the of the river valley can be used to construct the initial geoelectrical model, but it is preliminary and requires specification.
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Magnetic Properties of Ancient Pottery
Authors S. Shakuro and V. PanchenkoSummaryThe portable magnetic susceptibility kappa-meter PIM-V was used in the study of 42 pottery samples collected in the Chora of Chersonesos. The achieved measurement error was well under the range of the measured values, so it proves that the magnetic susceptibility measurements are applicable for pottery classification. Presumably, intrinsic magnetic susceptibility of pottery is most affected by the number and the material of black-colored inclusions. In 2016, the suggested methodology of magnetic susceptibility measurements was applied to investigate the possibility of applying magnetometer survey for finding and siting the ancient underground ceramic water conduit.
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Application of a Complex of Geological and Geophysical Methods for the Search for Water in Arid Regions of South Africa (Madagascar). Survey of Maar Structures
Authors I. Zuikov, M. Burr and Y. PogorelovSummaryThe report presents the results of the application of a complex of geological and geophysical methods (lineament analysis, radiometric survey and geoacoustics) in the search for fresh water sources in the arid regions of southern Madagascar. The peculiarities of the complex used, research equipment, examples of the implementation of the research and examples of recommendations for drilling based on the results of the applied methods are considered.
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Integration of the AMT in Ls-epithermal Au-ag Veins Exploration in Chukotka Region
Authors E. Ermolin, O. Ingerov and A.A. SavichevSummaryThe goal of the investigation is to prospect the north extension of the epithermal quartz gold-bearing vein. The object is located within the Kimmerides of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt. The vein is 500 meters long and 3 meters wide. It is covered by 100 meters of volcanic rocks. The complex of geophysical methods was applied (audiomagnitotelluric sounding (AMT), Magnitovariational profiling (MVP), ground gravity and magnetic survey).
Field works showed that the main vein is appeared in geophysical methods as the zone of: increased values of resistivity, the zone has a deep channel; increased values of invariant phase; increased values of the gradient of tipper phase; increased values of the gradient and negative local anomalies of the gravity field; decreased values of the effective magnetization. The indicated features can be called as the “Geophysical structural prospecting criteria”. The regular alteration of the chemical element associations are observed from the South to the North: sub-ore (Mo-Cu) → ore (Au-Ag-As) → supraore (Sb-Hg).
The physical-geological model of the epithermal quartz gold-bearing vein was suggested. The position of the North end of the vein was predicted as a result of the integrated data analysis. This position was later confirmed by drilling.
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3D Interpretation of AEM Data With IP Effect in EM-DataProcessor Software
Authors A. Chernyshev, A. Kuklin, G. Trigubovich and E. GoncharovSummaryIt is shown that in the AEM surveys the measurement of signals with two spaced in height receivers significantly reduces the equivalence of the solution and allows to separate the induction and polarizing components of the measured signal much more confident. In the absence of obvious signs of polarization its presence can only be determined with the use of dual measurements, otherwise the signals will be wrongly interpreted. Interpretation technology, based on the separation of the polarization and induction components of the measured signal with the subsequent 3D inversion in EM-Dataprocessor software allows to significantly increase the accuracy of the interpretation and increase the probability of target objects detecting. The results of experimental AEM research using VTEM and “Impuls-A-7” systems are presented.
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On the Realization of Seismic Microzoning of Almaty in Ground Accelerations Based on the “Continual” Approach
Authors N.V Silacheva, U.K. Kulbayeva and N.A. KravchenkoSummaryProbabilistic seismic micro-zoning of Almaty in ground accelerations was carried out with implementation of the continual approach proposed by A.S. Aleshin to account for site category effect on ground motion. The chosen approach made it possible to avoid recalculating accelerations into macro-seismic intensity and back, to avoid the traditional discrete representation of continuous parameters, and to proceed to a direct calculation of resulting accelerations on the base of seismic rigidity obtained with engineering-geological and instrumental geophysical surveys. The developed maps are at the stage of discussion and preparation for further introduction into the normative documents of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Results of High-resolution 3D Seismic Application for Kimberlites in Yakutia
Authors V.M. Boyarov, E.M. Goncharov and G.S. EgorovSummaryThe search conditions for new diamond deposits over time are increasingly complicated, the thickness of overlapping sedimentary rocks increases and the size of search objects decreases. To effectively solve search problems in the set of kimberlite searching methods, the role of remote geophysical methods, including 2D and 3D seismic, is increasing. An article presents the technique of high-resolution 3D seismic survey and some results of 3D seismic survey on kimberlite bodies in the conditions of the Yakutian diamond province. On actual examples, the methodical efficiency of 3D seismic exploration is confirmed for the search for low contrast and small-sized kimberlite bodies.
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On the Application of Regional Electrical Exploration for the Discovery of Large Ore Deposits
Authors O. Ingerov and E. ErmolinSummaryAustralia has begun the first country in the world established, that the most effective way to search the new ore provinces and large ore deposits is to study the distribution of the deep electrical conductivity of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle. To achieve this goal the magnetotelluric and magnetovariational method areal survey in scale of 1: 5,000,000 is providing on the territory of Australia (AusLAMP project). Some recommendations to realize optimal regional areal and profile survey have been presented in this pepper. The recommendations were done in based of the many years of application experience of magnetotelluric and magnetovariational methods for the Earth’s crust and upper mantle study at the territory of former USSR.
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Integrated Interpretation of Geological-geophysical Materials in the Seismic Hazard Assessment of Territory (Using East Kazakhstan As an Example)
Authors A.O. Siylkanova and A.B. SadykovaSummaryThe paper presents the results of generalization of geological, geophysical and seismotectonic materials. Deep structure of the crust and upper mantle is characterized by a series of different P-velocity levels, boundaries and capacities of petrophysical layers. Tectonics of the consolidated basement and its structural-material complexes, the structural features that influence localization of strong earthquakes data are summarized. Manifestations of tectonic movements and their intensity in different neotectonic areas are assessed. Structural-geophysical and structural-tectonic criteria for seismic hazard assessment for developing a regional seismotectonic model of the earthquake occurrence zones (seismic generating zones) are revealed according to the complex of geological-geophysical and seismological data. These data would constitute the basis for developing seismic zoning maps and seismic hazard assessment of the East Kazakhstan region.
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Integration of Modern Geophysical Technologies in the Search for Copper Porphyry Mineralization in the Saryadyr Sector
Authors S.N. Belyakov, N.D. Yessimkhanova and A.V. KononovSummaryOne of the key stages of geological exploration is geophysical research. In general, the success of the whole complex of exploration works depends on the effectiveness of their use in most cases.Today, when fields of a very complex geological structure are being studied, the role of geophysical methods is increasingly reduced not to direct searches for ore objects, but to solving problems of searching for various indirect ore-controlling features (analysis of structural-tectonic structure, identification of zonality elements and indirect factors of mineralization control). In this regard, intensive introduction of ore magnetotelluric ore into practice is currently being implemented, which is an effective tool in solving structural mapping and forecasting problems of various types of mineral deposits, especially structurally controlled ones. For efficient use of various technologies of ore electrical reconnaissance, the problem of reconciling the results of electrical soundings with direct current and electromagnetic sounding is very topical. The methods of direct current, have increased sensitivity to objects of high resistance, and allow more correctly determine the boundaries of high-resistance bodies. The main drawback of the methods is the limited depth of research. The depth of magnetotelluric methods is limited only by the recording time at the measurement point. MT parameters have higher sensitivity to conducting objects and are not shielded by high-resistance horizons.A joint analysis of the TDIP and AMT data opens up great prospects for constructing a polarization model at great depths. The integration of two different types of sounding allows solving a wide range of geological problems, from direct search of ore bodies to the identification of indirect ore-controlling features.
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Verification and Improvement of the Complex Inspection Technique of Soil Slopes Fastening on the Dam of the Dundinsky Reservoir Is Placed in Stavropol Region
Authors V.M. Yakushev, A.V. Yakushev and A.G. SaltanovaSummaryThe work concerns questions of verification and improvement of the complex inspection technique of soil slopes fastening on canals and dams. This technique presupposes the consistent application of thermovision and GPR methods. On the example of Dundinsky reservoir dam inspection it is shown how the results of GPR and thermovision observations can be improved.
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Geophysical Monitoring of Changes in the Condition of the Embankment Base of a Road by Soil Stabilization Using Explosion Energy
Authors V.V. Glazunov, E.V. Gorodnova, N.N. Efimova, A.I. Kulikov and N.V. KulikovaSummaryThe results of geophysical studies to assess the degree of compaction of sand embankment in the process of applying technology to stabilize the embankment base with the use of explosion energy are presented. The complex of geophysical studies includes seismic and electric tomography. The measurements were carried out in the monitoring mode, after each series of blasting operations. As a result of the conducted studies it was possible to qualitatively assess the degree of compaction of the embankment base.
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Assessment of the Stress Condition of Rocks at Depths Exceeding 400 m
Authors L. Vasilevskaya and I. ChernishevSummaryThere is result of quantitative assessment of natural stresses in rock mass with seismoacoustic method of researching the core samples on depth more than 400 m. This research consist of: instrumental observations of core samples dumping, laboratory experiments with dumping of core samples, evaluation of stressed rocks.
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Features of Application of Electrical Prospecting Methods in the Search for Gold Deposits in Southern Kazakhstan
Authors S.A. Istekova, B.A. Amangeldiyev and T.K. OrazymbetovSummaryIt is showed the high efficiency of search works by electrical prospecting method of time-domain measurements in the near zone (NTFS) to study the near surface epithermal gold-silver objects of the Southern Kazakhstan. The main methodological principle of the research was to compile vertical profiles of the distribution of the apparent resistivity pτ and linking them with the geological structure, to study the nature of the distribution of resistance along the depth and allocation of zones associated with gold mineralization. According to the characteristic points of inflection of the curve ρτ for each curve of sensing is determined the depth of occurrence and the power of the buried weathering crust, containing arrays of secondary quartzite, the stratum depth of thickness. During the binding in depth was used the experience of TEM in other regions of Kazakhstan.
During the mapping and correlation of horizons of the weathering crust was identified local anomalies of high and low electrical resistivity. The area of low resistance complications of anomalies in the form of a characteristic bending contour of ρτ aligned with the zones of weathering crust developed in the zones of tectonic disturbances. Local anomalies of high resistance, linked with outcrops of quartz veins in the horizons of the weathering crust and quartz veins in the bedrock.
Possible zones of sulphide mineralization are associated with local anomalies of low resistance. Possible space of gold mineralization associated with quartzville zones are allocated with areas of high resistance.
Promising areas of the ore mineralizations of plot Utegen have continuation in the Western direction, where the prospecting work is necessary by the method of TEM, lithogeochemical and detailed geological mapping.
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Experience of GPR Surveys of Landslide Slopes on the Highway M-4 “Don”
Authors A.M. Kulizhnikov and R.A. EreminSummarySummarizes many years of experience in the application of GPR technology in the examination of landslide slopes of embankments and excavations in four different areas of Federal highways M-4 “Don”. The method of performing works the low-frequency antenna units according to the survey of slopes both in summer and in winter. Analyzed radargram amplitude, frequency and phase shift of the signal. Recommended comprehensive execution of works GPR and laser scanning.
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Complexing of Archaeological Geophysical Methods in the Study of Barrows of the Xth c. On the Territory of the Gnezdovsky Archaeological Complex
Authors V.V. Novikov, S.U. Kainov, K.S. Sergeev and A.V. BelousovSummaryThe report describes the results of geophysical and archaeological research on the burial mounds of the Gnezdovsky archaeological complex. Conclusions are made about the applicability of the methods of archaeological geophysics on the territory of the cultural monument. Demonstrated archaeological findings.
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Archaeological Geophysics in the Study of Mounds in the Krasnodar Region
Authors K.S. Sergeev, V.V. Novikov, V.I. Ryzhkov and A.D. GorinSummaryThe report describes the application of a complex of methods of archaeological geophysics in the study of mounds. The results of field work and archaeological findings are described in detail.
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Prediction of Hydrothermal Mineral Deposits and Geo-hazard by Tectonophysical Methods
Authors L.A. Sim and N.A. GordeevSummaryIn the article, the tectonophysical conditions of quartz crystal formation, and modern geological hazards are discribed. For the study, next ways were applied: the kinematic method of analysis of displacement vectors on slickensides ( Gushchenko, 1973 ), way of determinating regional stress fields from data of local tectonic stresses in individual volumes of the earth’s crust ( Sim, 1982 ); structural-geomorphological (SG) method of a reconstruction of the shear stress on platforms ( Sim, 1991 ; Sim, Sergeev, 1996 ). At a prediction of hydrothermal mineral deposits, it was discovered that the reconstructed tectonic stresses along displacement vectors on slickensides refer to the newest and Late Hercynian orogeny stages of development; it is the time of formation of patch of quartz crystal. In crystals of quartz crystal, repeated opening of the nests is discovered. This is explained by the “variation of the kind of the stressed pattern”. The reasons for the formation of karst are identified at the training ground of Nizhny Novgorod, near the city of Dzerzhinsk and causes of increased accidents on the railways Moscow-Smolensk are diagnosed.
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Large-volume GPR Data Processing Automation
Authors R.A. Eremin, N.G. Pudova and Yu.A. SukhobokSummaryThe report provides information about GPR data automated operation methods in highway surveys. The problems of collection, processing and interpretation of the initial data, its verification and correction, report preparation process are considered.
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Application of Electromotography on the Moscow River
Authors A.A. Bobachev, K.S. Sergeev, A.Y. Dubovitsky and A.D. GorinSummaryThe report describes the use of a complex of electrical tomography in order to study the geological structure of the section across the bed of the Moscow River.
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Geophysical Research Through the Buried Keltminsky Valley-Canyon
Authors I. Modin, A. Pelevin, D. Bolshakov and K. EfremovSummaryThe report presents the results of work using the three-segment methodology ERT and GPR. Measurements are performed through the Keltminsky valley in order to find the areas in which the entire geological section is most developed, for further detection of peat bogs, the age of which can be determined. Based on the results of the work performed, a composite cross-section was constructed that takes into account the results of both methods and drilling data carried out on this profile. The geological and geophysical section was constructed on the basis of the results of electric tomography taking into account the drilling data. Georadar tracking data were used to refine the upper part of the section.
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Seismoacoustic Monitoring to Assess the Quality of the Execution of Protective Structures and and Compensatory Strengthening of the Soil Massif
Authors K.A. Dorokhin and O.V. BoykoSummaryThe main object of engineering and geophysical research in the construction is an array of rocks, which is understood as a separate part of the geological environment, located in the field of engineering impact. Under the influence of the forces of technogenic origin, rock masses often find themselves in a complex stress-strain state. This changes the strength characteristics of rocks.
To reduce the impact of the man-made factor, in conditions of dense urban development, construction in the historic parts of the city, resort to measures that ensure the safe conduct of construction work. For this, various enclosing structures are used, compensatory injection works are performed to strengthen the enclosing array. The paper presents the results of seismoacoustic studies that were used to assess the quality of the implementation of measures to ensure the safety of construction in urban conditions.
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Conducting Anomalies Localization With Local and Regional Real Induction Vectors
Authors A. Lozovij, I. Mendrii and I. IngerovSummaryReal induction vectors are a powerful tool for determining the location in plan and in the depth of single conducting objects, including the determination of the basic parameters of anomalous objects. However, the picture in the vectors behavior becomes not so unambiguous, if several such objects are marked on the exploration area. The authors have created a software tool that makes it possible to divide the field of induction vectors into local and regional parts. The work of the program has been verified on numerous model data, as well as on data of practical MT and MVP surveys of various scales. Thus, the interpreter has another effective tool for extracting information from the obtained during the field survey MVP data.
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Advantages of Joint Interpretation of VES and TEM Data in the Study of Buried River Valleys
Authors V. Kulikov, E.D. Aleksanova, A. Solovieva and N. ShustovSummaryIn recent years representatives of the Department of Geophysics of the geological faculty of Moscow State University carried out geological-geophysical investigations of buried river valleys in the territory of Kaluga region. When solving this task, the most effective is the complex of methods, including geometrical soundings (VES) and induction low-frequency methods electromagnetic survey (TEM). As a result of joint interpretation of VES and TEM data within the horizontally layered subsurface the geoelectrical section satisfying observed data of both methods was obtained. Preliminary results of the interpretation show that the buried paleovalleys of different age represented mainly by sands appear in the geoelectrical model in the form of local objects of high resistivity against the background of a horizontally layered host section.
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Interpretation of Electroprospecting Monitoring Observations With Use of Probabilistic-statistical Characteristics
Authors L. Hristenko, Yu. Stepanov, A. Kichigin, E. Parshakov and A. TainitskySummaryThe statistical characteristics of SEP values and potential of NF were calculated by various methods realized in the COSCAD 2D software package and with different sizes of windows. The statistical characteristics of values of NF potential were combined in turn with the statistics of AR obtained at AB 100, 200 and 400 m, i.e. three multi-attribute spaces were formed. Their structure was analyzed by means of various methods of non-standard classification. The using of procedures of non-standard classification allowed to break the analyzed sets on homogeneous, by formal mathematical criteria, the classes spatially answering to sites of possible engineering-geological complications, that it is extremely difficult by results of only the qualitative analysis of field observations. The results are presented for the SCRU-2 site located within the Verkhnekamsk deposit of potassium-magnesium salts.
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The Latest Trends in Near-surface Marine Seismic Survey (2D, 3D)
Authors E. A. Biriukov, M.U. Tokarev, A.A. Sergeev, R.I. Isaenkov and V.V. IvanovaSummaryIn present time due to the active development of the Arctic shelf increasing safety of construction and exploitation of offshore production complex is one of current direction of development in oil and gas industry. For efficient solution of problems in engineering-geological researches, defining and characterization of geohazards in particular, it is necessary to obtain only high resolution and very high resolution 2D, 3D seismic data.
We are pointing the most important requirements that should be fulfilled by seismoacoustics data for successful solution of engineering problems and presenting recent trends in marine seismic survey.
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Kalman Filter Approach for Inversion of Airborne Electromagnetic Data
By E. KarshakovSummaryKalman filter is a well-proven tool in the theory of optimal estimation. It minimizes variance of the estimation error in terms of probabilistic approach. Despite the special terminology, the Kalman filter algorithm minimizes the objective function, representing the squared difference between the measured vector and the calculated one for the parameters of selected model. In a certain sense, it is equivalent to the least squares method - a conventional airborne electromagnetic data inversion method. In this paper I describe the essence of the Kalman approach to solving inverse problems. The example of one-dimensional inverse problem shows that setting an a-priori value of the estimation error covariance matrix in a certain way one can get the solution for both vertical and lateral constraints. The Kalman filter algorithm takes into account the measurement noise, which is specified as the dispersion of signals in the corresponding measurement channels at high altitude. Special covariance matrix representation allow to use corresponding Kalman filter calculation methods to provide the computational stability of the algorithm. The Kalman approach makes it possible to combine modern techniques used in airborne survey data processing. I give an example of the Kalman filter use in the frequency-domain airborne data processing.
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Quality Control and Processing of the Two-leveled Three-frequencied Observation System Data for Dynamic Analysis
Authors R. Isaenkov, V. Ivanova, A. Ponimaskin and M. TokarevSummaryTo assign potential geological hazards we have to conduct a set of engineering geological investigations, including direct exploration methods (engineering drilling, sampling) and remote geophysical methods. The most suitable remote method for quantitative analysis of soil properties is multi-channel HR and UHR (0.3–3 kHz) seismic survey. It is necessary to supplement the standard interpretation approaches with a complex analysis of the kinematic and dynamic features of the reflected waves for effectively solving of geological tasks). For this purposes we use dynamical and kinematical wave field parameters. In turn, dynamic and kinematic analysis makes certain demands on the quality of the initial data and the subsequent processing procedures. In this paper, we consider the main approaches to quality control and data processing of two-level multifrequency observations in the RadExPro software package.
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Different Scale Complex Airborne Geophysical Survey In the Central African Ridge Area
Authors V.M. Kertsman, J. Moilanen, Yu.G. Podmogov and A.K. VolkovitskySummaryWe review the results of different-scale airborne geophysical survey performed in the territory of the Republic of Rwanda. Such parameters as the modulus of the magnetic field vector, electromagnetic sounding data in time and frequency domain, as well as data from a gamma-ray spectrometer with a total scintillator volume of 32 liters were continuously recorded during the flight. Automated execution of flight tasks allowed to exclude an operator from the surveying process. It took only 6 months of field works to perform the survey. The total workscope amounted to 57,718 line km. Based on the results of interpretation we selected prospective sites for further study. Detailed airborne survey was performed for 5 sites, and ground geological and geophysical survey was performed for 3 sites. Based on the detailed survey results we selected new local objects associated with quartz-magnetite veined mineralization, dyke bodies, and mafic rock intrusions. Multiple pegmatite intrusions were identified. The information about magnetic, electrical and radiometric characteristics of rocks allowed to reliably classify the identified objects.
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Gas-saturated sediments study in the upper part of the geological medium using ocean bottom nodes
Authors V.V. Polovkov, Nikitin A.S, D.A. Popov, P.A. Maev, E.A. Birukov and M.YU TokarevSummaryIn this article the authors demonstrate the initial results of experimental work done with the help of ocean bottom nodes and an electric spark source, to assess the feasibility of the technology for the study of gas-saturated sediments. The results showed that this approach is promising. In the case of gas-saturated sediments spread widely through the investigated area, an air gun (1–2 litres) is recommended. In this case, it would be necessary to work out the optimal technique and technology for production surveys, data processing and interpretation. Further experimental work in the use of a small volume air gun and the development of new production methods is recommended.
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Acoustic Flow of Reservoir Fluids in the Pore Space
Authors A.A. Abdrashitov, A.G. Gavrilov, A.R. Galimzyanova and E.A. MarfinSummarySeismic impact on geological environments leads to acoustic currents in the pore space of reservoirs. In the present work, the structure of the flow of fluids in the pore under the conditions of superimposed oscillations was studied by numerical simulation. Pore walls were not deformed and, as a consequence, the peristaltic mechanism of flow intensification was not taken into account. The performed calculations based on the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations showed that a longitudinal elastic wave generates acoustic currents and induces a fluid flow inside the pore along the direction of wave propagation. The average velocity of such a flow is comparable with the rate of fluid filtration in productive layers. It is shown that the velocity of such a flow depends strongly on the amplitude of the oscillations of the acoustic action. The results obtained substantiate the wave methods of impact on the formation to improve the efficiency of oil production.
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Ancient Graves Detection Using ERI on Archaeological Site of Eski - Iurt in the Crimea
Authors I.N. Modin, A.A. Pelevin, D.V. Makarov, D.A. Kvon and S.A. AkulenkoSummaryOn archaeological site of Eski - Iurt in the Crimea which is a Bronze Age burial mound before the archaeological excavation the geophysical surveys were performed. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method showed strong results in artifacts detection including graves delineation which were confirmed by following archaeological excavation.
The key parameters of successful ancient graves detection using ERT are: detailed profile network with small electrode spacing, low geological noise level and geophysical preliminary surveys to calibrate acquisition technique and to make sure that electrical resistivity of graves is contrast enough to be separated from the rest of cross-section
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Issues of Seismic Hazard Assessment for Sites and Design Basis for Nuclear Power Plants
Authors S.F. Aptikaev and O.I. AptikaevaSummaryIn relation to the sites of nuclear power plants (NPP) features of regulatory requirements, seismic hazard characteristics, composition and forms of representation of seismic effects for design basis and safety analysis of NPP are considered. These topics are considered in the context of interaction between researchers, designers and regulatory bodies.
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Relief and Electrical Resistivity Tomography
Authors I.M. Modin, K.I. Baranchuk, B.G. Mukanova and T.M. MirgalikyzySummaryCurrently geophysicists actively using the method of ERT for a wide class of geotechnical problems. The main types of distortion electrical fields on different forms of relief are known, and in all inverse programs provides for the consideration of the influence of topography. But issues remain with the accuracy of the calculation of the direct problem, which is embedded in the inverse problem, not the known values of the critical angles of the terrain that can cause the strong distortion of the field. Therefore, the question about the influence of the topography of the land results two-dimensional inversion of electrical tomography data is the actual geophysical problem.
To solve this problem, the authors performed physical modeling on large homogeneous sand embankment with artificial complex surface topography. The mound was located on a laterally homogeneous loamy earth’s surface. This experiment allowed us to identify false anomalies that were the result of a two-dimensional inversion for geoelectric sections. In addition, the simulation in the laboratory in a rectangular tank filled with cellulose-hydro gel mixture. The result has been allocated 2 types of severe anomalies of the electric field. Considered resistivity section obtained by inversion. It is shown that on steep bends of the relief 2D-inverse program is not well cope with this task. So about the anomalous zones are formed on the geoelectric section which can explain how some objects, which actually does not exist.The same findings confirmed by theoretical modeling with means of integral equations.
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Potentially Dangerous Zones Investigation on the Mine Fields by Methods of Ground and Borehole Seismic
Authors V.P. Lisin, A.V. Chugaev and I.A. SanfirovSummaryIn the present paper concerning the results of surface and borehole seismic integration for estimation of undersalt rock massif condition and vertical jointing zone location on the undermined territory with accelerated subsidence of ground surface. Waterproof condition control by surface seismic allows marking abnormal zones related with both the geological specifics and mining impact. At the same time velocity estimation of the cross-section has integral type and its resolution is much lower than for time sections. For reliable abnormal zones location in the potentially dangerous area a significant increase in the carrier frequency of the desired signal is necessary. With this design different borehole seismic methods are tried out. Notably offset and inverted VSP with areal data collection system and crosswell measurements. This approach allows to substantially eliminate the filtering effect of the loose part of the section and obtain the resolution of velocity distributions higher than for ground-based seismic surveys. Interpretation and analysis of vertical and horizontal sections of designed velocity model permitted to reveal and allocate a number of narrow abnormal zones with low P-wave velocity.
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Geological and Geophysical Assessment of Eluvial Soils As Bases of Buildings and Structures
Authors D.V. Bobrov, V.B. Pisetskiy and M.N. TominSummaryThe historical stage of geological development of the Earth determine the development of the formation of special genetic types on separate areas in the result of weathering of the original rocks. These eluvial soils form weathering crust.
In the Urals the eluvial soil developed almost everywhere and differ from other general types of soil in the specifics of the condition and properties.
For today, increasing trend towards construction of tall buildings in terms of growth of urban agglomerations. Engineering development of new territories has a number of problems.
One of the problems associated with ways of investigation of strength and deformation characteristics of eluvial soils, which deposit at the base of the designed buildings and determine their stability.
Another problem associated with the evaluation of the obtained reliability of the engineering-geological mining, which are used in design calculations.
This article focuses on possible ways of solving above problems by integrate is of different research methods on example of the construction site, which is located within the largest city of the Urals region - Ekaterinburg.
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Possibilities of Application of Researches of an Electromagnetic Emission at Geodynamic Monitoring of Mineral Deposits
Authors O.M. Beloslydtsev and G.I. MaslatcovSummaryResults of the analysis of parameters of an electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on the Almaty prognostic ground on purpose are given. selections of near-term harbingers of the strong earthquakes in Northern Tien Shan. Communication of anomalies of EMI with the mode of weak seismicity during the periods of preparation of tectonic earthquakes is revealed. The prospects of application of filing of EMI at prediction are shown including technogenic earthquakes
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Unexpected Dependence of the Late-time Transient Response on the Size and Configuration of a TEM Array
Authors M.V. Sharlov, N.O. Kozhevnikov and I.A. ShelokhovSummaryThe paper discusses decrease in the decay rate of the TEM response in cases when TEM soundings are performed using central loop arrays with small-sized transmitter loops. This effect is not related to geology and, other things being equal, the more noticeable the smaller the transmitter loop and the more resistive the earth. The effect is not observed when the receiver loop is located outside the transmitter loop. We give examples of the decrease in the TEM response decay rate for sites with different geology. The nature of the effect remains not clear. Further research is needed to gain insight into this phenomenon.
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Forecasting Gas-condensate Reservoir Performance With Capillary Pressure Effect
More LessSummaryPhD. Researcher - Department of Production and Exploitation of Oil and Gas Fields
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Calibration and Transformation of Signals From Compact Equipment for Shallow Induction Studies
Authors D.I. Fadeev, E.V. Balkov, Yu.G. Karin and G.L. PaninSummaryThe paper presents a new approach to the solution of the “direct field” problem and its implementation in compact electromagnetic equipment. Data on the development and implementation of the calibration method are presented. Some aspects of the express transformation of the primary signal into apparent resistance are highlighted.
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Monitoring of Soil Radon in the Almaty Megapolis for Monitoring Seismic Activity
Authors G.E. Tukeshova, M.H. Aliev, T.S. Zhunisbekov, A.O. Muhamadiev and Zh.B. KoblanovSummaryField experience studies of geochemical sounding of active faults in the territory of Almaty on the basis of profile measurements of the volumetric concentration of soil radon (Rn222)
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Geoengineering Researches for the Restoration of the Lands Disturbed by Mining Operations
Authors G. Pospehov, K. Pankratova and I. StraupnikSummaryDuring the deposit developing there is continuous growth of territories disturbence at essential lag of their recultivation and return to the national economy. At the same time closing of the mining enterprises, besides improvement of an ecological situation, leads to activization and emergence of the new dangerous geological processes and the phenomena capable to affect strongly geoengineering conditions of the former developments territories. The Russia’s statistics of waste emergence and neutralization is shown. It is presented that geoengineering ensuring of mining excavations elimination and projects on land reclamation on mineral deposits are developed in insufficient degree. It is proved that there is a need of carrying out of special geoengineeringresearches for development of recultivation projects. On the example of a pit flooding it is shown role of the monitoring for identification of dangerous geological processes and for the forecast of their development. The data of deformations observations of the land surface confirm a possibility of restoration underground waters levels raisings after closing of the mining enterprises.
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Methodical Guide in the Study of Hard to Access Geologic Cross-sections With Using of SUAV at the Pechishi Stratotype As an Example
Authors A. Starovoytov, E. Korolev, A. Eskin, I. Chernova and T. RahmatullinSummaryThe method of studying hard to access geologic cross-sections using unmanned aerial vehicles in combination with ground-based photometry is presented in the article. Model of textural ortho-section and the surface relief model in the plane of exposure were constructed based on Upper-Kazanian stage sediments of the Pechishi stratotype. The lithostratigraphic breakdown of section was carried out based on raster data obtained.
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Influence of Electrode Grounding Resistance and Churge-up Effect on Quality of CVES-measurements
Authors A.O. Alymov, E.V. Balkov and V.A. BeloborodovSummaryDC resistivity data by using computer-controlled multi-channel multi-electrode arrays is be popular. While, acquisition speed are enormous, optimization of the measurement technique is necessary, in order to gather without loss of data quality. The analysis of field data from multi-channel resistivity-meter “Skala 64” shows that electrode charge-up effect is cause significant distortions of measuring potentials. This effect can be larger than the induced signal and have a significant amplitude during all time of measurements. Influence of electrode grounding resistance is much lower. An algorithm for linear correction had been realized and tested. If there is a short delay before measuring potentials is provided after an electrode is used for transmitting current, correction of the linear drift allows to exclude influence of charge-up effects.
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The Inflow of Liquid to a Horizontal Well With Acoustic Impact on the Formation
Authors A.R. Galimzyanova, R.N. Gataullin, E.A. Marfin and B.R. FasfievSummaryThe present work is devoted to increasing the efficiency of development of an oil field by horizontal wells due to the effect on the productive layer of elastic vibrations. Based on the results of laboratory studies, the viscosity of oil and the increase in the permeability of the formation have been accepted as mechanisms of acoustic action on a saturated porous medium. The influence of the wave action on the oil production process is considered using a mathematical model of fluid inflow to a horizontal well, taking into account the features of filtration in conditions of inhomogeneity of the properties of the formation and fluids. It is shown that the frequency and amplitude of the oscillations are the main factors of increasing the production rate of a horizontal well. At low frequencies, the effect of increasing the flow rate is weak, and at frequencies above 2.5 kHz, the increase in the production rate of a horizontal well is practically proportional to the increase in frequency. The obtained modeling results are in quantitative agreement with the results of the field data.
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Comparison of Results of 1D and 2D Inversion of TEM With Software “Zond” When Exploration of the Kimberlite Bodies
Authors A.V. Muslimov and V.L. LukhmanovSummaryThe article discusses the results of 1D and 2D interpretation of the results of the TEM soundings on one of the test sites for geophysical studies. A comparison with the results of other geophysical methods.
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The Use of Scattered Waves for Allocation of Deposits of Potassium-magnesium Salts in the Section of the Upper Permian Halogen Formation and Delineation of Ore Objects
Authors S.A. Shevchenko, E.V. Demidova, E.V. Anokhina, L.F. Zhegalina and M.N. NazarovaSummaryThe study is devoted to the use of the scattered component of the wave field for delineating ore bodies and allocation the deposits of potassium-magnesium salts in the layer of rock salt. This is possible due to the fact that the ore body has a petrophysical heterogeneity, vertical and lateral variability. In the field of seismic waves, it forms the scattering of a passing elastic wave of different degrees, as well as any heterogeneity in all a depth section
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Deep Resistivity and Ip Tomography for Ore Exploration
Authors V.A. Tarasov and V.L. LukhmanovSummaryWe discuss some aspects of methodology and instrumentation for pretty deep (a few hundred meters) resistivity and IP tomography. Deep IP tomography is quite often needed for the efficient exploration of some types of ore deposits: copper-porphyry, gold-bearing, kimberlites, uranium etc. The automated system (ASET-IP) for poledipole IP electrical tomography is presented. The ASET-IP tomography system is based on an active current cable assembly and a remote control switchboard that provide with fully automatic measuring process. Some results of application of deep IP tomography for exploration of gold-bearing mineralization, kimberlite pipe, uranium-bearing ore and polysulfide mineralization are presented as an example. Joint use of ERT and TEM sounding is also discussed.
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The Results of Application of Pulsed Electrical Prospecting in Search for Deposits of Ore Minerals in the Mountain Altai
Authors Yu.A. Davidenko, N.A. Aikasheva, A.S. Bashkeev, A.Yu. Faustova and D.V. BogdanovichSummaryDuring the period from 2015 to 2017 the technology of electromagnetic sounding and induced polarization (EMS-IP) was used in the search for polymetals on Novokuznetsovskaya area and ore gold on Ishinskaya area in Mountain Altai. Whithin two field seasons of 2015–2016 an exploration consisted of 600 km was conductied on Novokuznetsovskaya area. 3D modeling of non-stationary electromagnetic fields were carried out to determine the anomalies of induced polarization corresponded to zones of continuous and disseminated sulfidization at depths of up to 700 m. According to the forecast 26 wells were drilled in Novokuznetsovskaya area where 24 of which confirmed the presence of sulfides and in 11 wells contain ore intervals with minerals of the polymetallic association. On the Ishinskaya area, the field work was carried out during 2016–2017 with the total length of the profiles about 27 running kilometers. In this area, 13 wells were drilled. 12 wells confirmed that the indused polarisation anomalies were caused by the presence of sulfides and gabbroid bodies with impregnated pyrite. The EMS-IP technology demonstrated high efficiency in the overall complex of search methods. According to drilling data the reliability of forecast of sulfide mineralization zones separation was about 91%.
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Detailing of tectonic structures of tension and compression according to gravity prospecting
Authors S.N. Tagiltsev, L.A Bolotnova and V.S TagiltsevSummaryIn the field of modern tectonic stresses, at the intersection of multidirectional faults and faults of different kinematic type, tensile and compression zones arise which are often contrasting in their density properties. The stretching zones should be studied for solving the problems of engineering geology, as well as for searching in an array of rocks of aquiferous areas. Geodynamic (tectonic) stress state of the upper part of the earth crust is manifested by the presence of the main normal stresses, which, as a rule, exceed geostatic stresses from the rock weight. From the perspective of hydrogeology, sections of extension are the most waterbearing; they contribute to the formation of high filtration properties at the local section of rock massif. Modern fulfillment of the complex of geophysical, geodetic, and hydrogeomechanical investigations allows to reveal zones of tension and compression at the stages of prospecting and exploration of deposits. The application of gravity prospecting methods on sections of rock massifs with a known geological structure showed the high efficiency of geophysical methods for detailing the structure of the nodes of tectonic disturbances.
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Algorithms of Processing and Visualization of Data of Remote Sensing Lands for Monitoring of Ecological Processes
Authors S.G. Kataev, M.Ju. Kataev and A.K. LukyanovSummaryThe main problems arising at extraction of information from data of remote sensing of Earth and the ways of their decision realized in the system of processing and the analysis of data developed in the Center of space monitoring of Earth (Tomsk state university of control systems and radioelectronics) are considered in this paper. TUSUR
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The perspective of the Šventoji River beaches (NE Lithuania) in context of some geophysical investigation results
Authors R. Morkunaite and R.M MorkunaiteSummaryIt is investigation on beaches of NE Lithuania territories River Šventoji (in Anykščiai town) using geo-scanner. The result is received about suitable or not suitable beaches near River Šventoji for human health.
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Features of Engineering-geological Conditions, Determining Developments of Chromite Deposit “Saranovskoe”
Authors E.A. Zvonarev and I.V. AbaturovaSummaryThe article considers the specificity of the engineering-geological conditions of the developed chromite field “Saranovskoe” in the Perm region. The conditions for the formation of this field, its geological and structural position, the material composition of the enclosing rocks and ores, determined the presence of factors that determine the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass and its heterogeneity, which are an important characteristic of the safe location and operation of the mountain production.
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Characteristics Electromagnetic Waves of Gpr Data for Study of Hidden Cavities in the Engineering Objects
Authors S. Danilev and N. DanilevaSummaryIn this work considers the structure peculiarities of the wave elektromagnitnykh fields in the study of hidden cavities by GPR. On the basis of theoretical and physical modeling are investigated anomalous effects in the wave fields from cavities. Shows different types of manifestation of hidden cavities in the engineering objects.
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Multidimensional Processing of the Airborne EM Data in the Complex Media
Authors M.G. Persova, Y.G. Soloveichik, D.V. Vagin, P.A. Domnikov, D.S. Kiselev, Yu.I. Koshkina and E.I. SimonSummaryThe paper proposes an approach to multidimensional geometric (parametric) inversion of the airborne EM data in the time-domain in the presence of the conductive lateral overburden inhomogenities with the significant altitude variations of the surface relief and subhorizontal surfaces between the layers of the geological medium. The solution of forward problems and calculation of the impact field of the geoelectrical model parameters are performed with the use of the finite element method. The possibilities of the proposed approach are shown on synthetic data for the multilayer geoelectrical model containing the target objects with the different geometry: a subvertical object and an object with the tube form, beneath a conductive lateral inhomogeneous overburden in the condition of the significant altitude variations of the surface relief. The geoelectrical model was constructed as a generalization on the basis of the results of the airborne EM data interpretation obtained in several areas. The results of the numerical experiments show that the proposed approach makes it possible to detect and delineate the target objects in the case of a relatively low impact from these objects to the receiving signals in comparison to other 3D-inhomogenities including the ones overlapping the target objects.
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Maintenance of Conditions of Construction of Highways in Areas of Development of Permafrost by Engineering-geological Data
Authors I. Savintsev, I. Koroleva, I. Abaturova, L. Storozhenko and I. KovyazinSummaryThe intensification of natural resources exploitation entailed highways construction necessity. In areas of perennially frozen rocks development exogenetic geological processes influence over the highways operability and can lead to accidental events. Therefore it is necessary to provide projection, construction and operation of roads with correct engineering-geological data. For these purposes the operational analysis methods(decryption of satellite images), geophysical methods (electroinvestigation) and engineering-geological methods are used. Satellite images decryption allowed to receive information on geocryologic processes distribution. At the same time development problems of a detection technique of the geocryologic phenomena, definitions of characteristics of their activity and borders of distribution were being solved.
Further geophysical and engineering-geological methods are connected. As the main geophysical method the electroprospecting method of electric intubation was chosen. In a related move tngineering-geological shooting is i carried out. On development sites of rmassive wedge ice the well-drilling and thermometric researches are planned.
Satellite images decryption allowed to allocate sites of processes development , their sizes, danger of occurrence and to designate the sites of continued more precise research methods.
Geophysical surveys were concentrated on development sections of subsurface ice. At a qualitative interpretation stage the issues of space variation nature of electric properties of the environment were resolved, the cuts of apparent resistance characterizing the electric properties change of rocks on depth were received. As a result of an methods’ integration the engineering-geological conditions of the highway were studied, the range of engineering-geological and geocryologic processes development is defined, their development scales are established and an influence assessment of a highway external environment is given.
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Results of Applying Self-potential Method, Resistivity Logging and Electrical Resistivity Tomography for the Localization of Filtration Zones in the Sides of the HPP Headpound
Authors V.A. Platonov, P.S. Kolichko and V.Z. PopovSummaryApplication of integrated geoelectric methods: self-potential method, resistivity logging and electrical resistivity tomography for detection and localization of filtration zones in the headpound of HPP. Area self-potential measurements were performed as well as an experiment with salinization of the headpound with monitoring ERT measurements and borehole resistivity measurements.
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Experience in the Application of Geophysical Research Methods in Engineering and Environmental Surveys for Quarrying
Authors I. Savintsev, L. Storozhenko, I. Petrova and E. NugmanovaSummaryIt is rational to apply a complex methods of a geological basis studying for carrying out engineering-ecological researches in borders of the anthropogenic broken territories while developing design solutions of strip-pit developments elimination. The usage of the vertical electric intubation results and electric profiling by the median gradient method for studying the nature of specific electrical resistance distribution in the vertical and horizontal directions, in conjunction with well-drilling results and testing for underground waters inflow allowed to characterize hydrogeological conditions of the research site. In terms of research results interpretation filtrational parameters of the bottom and boards of the liquidated strip-pit are estimated, sites of the wet or water-logged zones in the rock massif are localized, the power of accumulated technogenic subsoils, the existence of the screen and sites of the increased filtration are estimated. The expected calculations executed with account for ground thickness properties in the liquidated pit and hydrogeological parameters of the research site allowed to obtain data on underground waters protectability from pollution. Work integrations confirm the results’ reliability and allows to use them under developing design decisions on the pit elimination.
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Assessment of Risk of Development of Contingency Situations on Railway Tracks
Authors I. Abaturova, I. Savintsev and S. KorchakSummaryThe stable state of the rock massif is defined by its fracture structure, and a possibility of blocks’ displacement.
For risks reduction of downfall formation it is necessary to estimate jointing degree of the rock massif and influence of technogenic earthquake vibrations. Assessment is based on carrying out the following types of works:
Engineering-geological mapping of the rocky massif includes documentation of cracks on express platforms. Seismic researches by measurement method of earthquake vibrations from the passing trains and blasting.
On the basis of jointing documentation it is established that the rock massif is broken into blocks of different forms. In upper sections clumpy and columnar structures are predominant, in the bottom sections - flake stones.
The columnar structure is the most dangerous one.
While processing results of crack bedding elements the three main systems of cracks are allocated.
The registered speed rates of subsoil earthquake vibrations during trains passing and carrying out of blasting are much less than admissible speed rate and also do not break stability of the rock massif of a slope.
The analysis of the performed works results allowed to divide sites on 3 danger categories: approximately safe, dangerous and very dangerous.
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Mapping Taliks in the Zones of Development of Permafrost With the Use of a Complex of Methods (on the Example of Mineral Deposits)
Authors I. Abaturova, I. Savintsev, L. Zudilina, L. Storozhenko, I. Koroleva and O. BorisikhinaSummaryBorders’ establishment of talik is the major task at all stages of studying of any engineering object. The solution of the matter assumes the stage-by-stage solution of a task by the principle “from the general to the particular” using a complex of methods such as landscape cryoindication, land geophysical surveys and thermometric researches.
On the results of multispectral space pictures decryption Landsat it is established that the central and peripheral parts of the natural occurrence are characterized with a surface existence of thawed rocks, northwest and southeast flanks of the field are characterized with frozen rocks.
Based on interpretation results of geophysical data the talik zones’ situation in the plan and a section is specified. At the third stage measurements of temperatures in wells are executed. On the results of which it is established that frozen rocks are characterized by continuous extention up to the depths of 80–240 m and have a double-layer structure. The sole of a sublayer has the symmetric character relative to central part of the field, rising to field’s flanks.
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GPR Surveys of Lake Vodoprovodnoe Near the White Sea Biological Research Station of Moscow State University
Authors K. Valiullina, A. Starovoytov and A. OshkinSummaryThe results of GPR survey carried out in Lake Vodoprovodnoe near the White Sea Biological Research Station of Moscow State University presented in this study. Methods of the field work and data processing are described.
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Sea Bottom Multifunctional Electroprosecting for Shelf and Transition Zones Study
Authors A. Lozovij, I. Ingerov and I. MendriiSummaryTwo versions of the equipment are available, having their own design features. The first versions is designed for work at sea depths of 20–200 m, and the second is specially designed for the study of transition zones 0–50 m, where the undercurrent and sea disturbances have a serious impact on the operation of the equipment. Both types of equipment are produced in five (Ex,Ey,Hx,Hy,Hz) and two channel (Ex, Ey) versions. The equipment is equipped with radio and acoustic communication modules. Synchronization is performed on the deck of the vessel, then the system is sealed and immersed. The system is surfaced by an acoustic signal from the surface of the water. The light radio beacon makes it easy to localize the system on the surface of the water even when the sea is rough.
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Software of 3D Modeling and 3D Inversion for Marine Electrical Prospecting
Authors M.G. Persova, Y.G. Soloveichik, D.V. Vagin, D.S. Kiselev, Yu.I. Koshkina, P.A. Domnikov and M.G. TokarevaSummaryThe paper proposes the approaches which makes it possible to increase a computationally efficiency of the solution of the direct and inverse “multisource” problems of the marine electrical prospecting in the time and frequency domains. These approaches include the special mathematical formulations, algorithms of generating the optimized finite element meshes and grouping the problems corresponding to the different transmitter and receiver positions and time steps. Besides, the paper presents the software implementing these approaches and allowing performing the 3D modeling of the different marine electrical prospecting technologies and 3D inversion of the obtained data with recovering the geometric and electrophysical parameters of the structural parts of the geological model. The software operates in a distributed computer system consisting of the multicore computers connected by a local network. This software includes the manager program providing the data transfer from client to servers, obtaining the results of the calculations, and checking and correct processing the situations of a breakdown of the communications between computers and an emergency shutdown of some computational nodes.
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The Model of Stability State of a Tunnel Under Construction on the Basis of Data Layered Seismic Survey
Authors V. Pisetski, A. Zudilin and S. ChevdarSummaryThe presented report discusses the survey results of the technical condition of the unfinished road tunnel construction on the site: “The public highway of regional importance of the Republic of Bashkortostan - a new exit from the city of Ufa to the federal highway M-5 Ural (Eastern exit).” The purpose of the work was to research the engineering-geological and hydro-geological conditions of tunnel to estimate rock mass stability. At the moment, the main problems in the process of developing the project for the reconstruction of the tunnel and the completion of its construction are:
- - the presence of karst formations in the vicinity of the tunnel;
- - water-saturated zones, not opened by existing galleries.
The exploration of these problems will be the basis for the decision on the need to build a drainage tunnel. It was these circumstances that required the use of the seismic method in a sophisticated observation system with the ultimate goal of constructing a 3D parametric data set that provides for the detection of karst formations and disintegration zones at hazardous distances from the tunnel axis.
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Research of the Sequence of Casual Natural Events by Methods of the Queueing Theory
Authors S.G. Kataev and S.S. KataevaSummaryIn work it is offered to use for the detection of latent regularities in time series of the casual natural phenomena some elements created for the description of flow casual events of various origin, a mathematical apparatus of the queueing theory. The method developed by authors allowing to find flow parameters using only the moments of approach of events is described. Results of application of a method are shown on the example of earthquakes
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Study of Modern and Relict Coastal Landforms in the Eastern Part of Gulf of Finland With GPR
Authors L.M. Budanov, A.Yu. Sergeev, I.A. Neevin and A.A. MoskovtsevSummaryThe thesis presents the possibilities and results of GPR profiling for the selection of relict coastal landforms developed on the coast of the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland. The geological interpretation of the geophysical section is described and preferable antennas and setups for studying coastal-marine, fluvioglacial and glacial deposits are indicated.
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Possibilities of Geophysical Methods for Archaeological Study in Various Geological and Geomorphological Conditions
Authors A. Borisik, M. Kashkevich and M. ShitovSummaryThe efficiency of geophysical methods for the aim of investigations of archaeological objects in the Holocene sediments are presented.
The results obtained by authors in recent years are based on the research of three objects:
- Kushmanskoye gorodische, X-XIII centuries, republic of Udmurtia;
- Paleochannel of the Svir River, Leningrad region;
- Buried military equipment and fortifications of the Great Patriotic War (island B. Tyuters, Gulf of Finland).
The reasons of low informativity of some geophysical methods, revealed in a number of cases, despite the petrophysical prerequisites for their use, are discussed.
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