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EAGE workshop on Developments in Land Seismic Acquisition for Exploration
- Conference date: 17 May 2010 - 19 May 2010
- Location: Cairo, Egypt
- Published: 18 May 2010
41 - 60 of 73 results
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Onshore Seismic Acquisition: Updating an Efficient QC on Increasing Seismic Data Volume
More LessThis article describes the evolution of TOTAL best practises in terms of seismic data QC during the last 15 years. This evolution takes into account the big increase of data volume acquired onshore, and most specifically in vibroseis acquisition. Task automation, standardization of QC, homogeneous database between different surveys & countries are the key words of this evolution.
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Quantitative Evaluating Offset and Azimuth Uniformity Based on Entropy
More LessThe paper introduced entropy as the information function for quantitatively evaluating the offset and azimuth uniformity of each bin and the whole geometry. It is uniform offset and azimuth rather than high-density sampling to be caught more attention while imaging the object events, especially in the complicated structure areas. The bigger the information functions is, the more uniform the offset and azimuth. Otherwise, under the same maximum values of the information function, which is determined absolutely by the numbers of the offset sections and the azimuth bins from the method of the paper, the geometry with the smallest sampling density and field costs is the optimum. Consequently, the information function can not only quantitatively evaluate the offset and azimuth uniformity but also the ratio about the acquired data quality with the field costs. It will be a promising quantitative tool for the seismic acquisition geometry as long as the correlation between the seismic imaging quality with the offset and azimuth uniformity in the near future.
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What if I...? - The Use of Vibroseis 'Energy Tests' as an Aid in Parameter Choice
Authors P. Kristiansen, J. Quigley, T. Dean and D. HolmesA core component in planning a land seismic survey is the choice of source and its parameters. Parameters tests are often performed as part of the survey start-up, but Interpretation of the results from these tests is frequently subjective, particularly when a complete line or swath is not acquired and processed. The typical instinct is to err on the side of caution and this may result in the application of an excessive amount of source energy, thus negatively impacting survey efficiency and cost. However, the effect from different sources and source parameters on signal-to-noise ratio and other key quality indicators can be tested and analyzed in a systematic way. This will allow comparison of a much wider variety of source options than is possible through the acquisition of a very limited number of costly and time-consuming test lines. We can also identify possible efficiency improvements resulting from acquiring data with equivalent signal-to-noise ratios, but different parameter combinations. A suite of such tests has been developed within WesternGeco and are referred to as energy tests. Within this paper, we will describe the results from such tests and its interpretation.
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Digital Crew Management – An Integrated Approach to QC for Large Scale, High Production Onshore Seismic Operations
Authors D. Pavel, A. Bull, G. Hofland and G. HauerThe concept of Digital Crew Management focuses on three primary areas; advanced planning, integrated crew operations and intelligent, automated field QC. Tighter integration of survey planning systems with field operations and automated trace QC from intelligent cable-less acquisition nodes are presented as methods to mitigate some of the challenges resulting from the trend toward greater receiver density and high productivity Vibroseis operations.
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Quality Control in Modern Recording Systems, Benefits Beyond Comtract Compliance
By M. LansleyQuality control (QC) has generally been considered by the seismic data acquisition industry to simply be a method to determine if the recording system is performing within the tolerances of the instrument manufacturer’s specifications and that the geophysical specifications of the survey design are being matched. With today’s modern recording systems there is a large amount of information that is being recorded that can provide significant benefits beyond the normal QC perspective. Much of this information is frequently ignored or misunderstood and may never be reviewed after being recorded. There are system capabilities available today that can even improve the ability of the geoscientists from the oil companies and contractors to interact with the field crew in recording parameter determination. This paper will discuss this information and how it may be utilised to assist the field crew in improving their operational performance and the data processing geophysicists their understanding and analysis of the data.
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Project Management Principles & Technology Applied to Tight Gas Development: A Case History from the Piceance Basin
By G. FlahertyChevron holds more than 75,000 acres in Skinner Ridge, Colorado, located in the westernmost part of the Piceance Basin. As hydraulic fracturing technology and the regional unconventional resource assessment matured, Chevron’s teams recognized the potential for significant tight gas production from Upper Cretaceous fluvial sands of the Williams Fork member of the Mesaverde group. GIP is estimated at 4.5 TCF and ultimate recovery at 3 TCF from a core focus area of 35,000 acres. We have completed two stages of development drilling, drilling 9 pads with 195 wells. The wells have been completed with an average of 8 frac stages. Current production is 26 MMcf/D. The success of the project has been realized by applying project management principles, integrating appropriate technology and a relentless focus on efficiency and cost reduction.
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Filling the Empty Quarter: Workflows for Hydrocarbon Exploration in the South Rub al Khali Basin, Saudi Arabia
Authors W. Voggenreiter, C. Harvey, G. Holstege and D. SkaloudThe South Rub Al-Khali Company Ltd (SRAK) is an Incorporated Joint Venture between Shell Saudi Ventures Limited (50%) and Saudi Arabian Oil Company (50%). It was set up to explore for non-associated gas in the South Rub ‘al Khali Basin as part of the Natural Gas Initiative in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Cost Effective Integrated Geophysical Approach for Exploration of Unconventional Shallow Target
Authors P. Singh, A.M. Al-Fares and R. HusainSeismic imaging of shallow unconventional reservoirs of heavy oil requires data with focussed acquisition and processing parameters and entails huge investment. Keeping in view the cost factor, the existing 2D regional seismic data has been reinterpreted for shallow objective and integrated with the gravity data. Reinterpretation of seismic data unravel atleast three sand sequences within Lower Fars Formation overlain by a shale cap rock. The seismic data shows an erosional truncation of these sand sequences where the blocks are uplifted due to the Late Miocene to Pliocene tectonics in the Arabian Plate. Correlation with second derivative of gravity data indicates that 70-80% wet wells are located on local gravity highs where pay sands show Toplap relationship with cap rock. The shallow heavy oil plays are a combination of structural and stratigraphic traps. Inexpensive and fast unconventional surface geochemical, high resolution airborne magnetic and electromagnetic techniques can be employed for delineation of prospective areas.
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Unconventional Exploration Opportunities in the Arabian Gulf
By P. TitleyThe Arabian Gulf lays in one of the most prolific hydrocarbon provinces in the world. Most of the fields discovered in the Gulf are “conventional” in the sense that they contain medium gravity oil in good sandstone and carbonate reservoirs in structural traps. Additional exploration opportunities are recognized in the Gulf in naturally fractured and heavy oil reservoirs. Naturally fractured reservoir fairways and heavy oil prospects in the Gulf will be shown in this presentation.
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Petroleum Systems Modeling of the Haynesville Shale Gas Play
Authors E. Mavridou, M.C. de Lind van Wijngaarden, A.I. Kauerauf, T. Hantschel, K. Kornpihl and I. BryantA BPSM analysis of the Haynesville gas shale will be presented, with emphasis on the potential value of this analysis prior to extensive drilling in an unconventional play.
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Light & Tight in the Empty Quarter: Cretaceous Carbonate Source Rocks in the South Rub al Khali Basin, Saudi Arabia
Authors C. Harvey, A.H. Azzouni, H. Droste and A. WeedonThe Cretaceous period saw the development of a vast epeiric platform covering the margin of the Arabian Plate and facing the NeoTethys Ocean. Sea levels were 150-200 m higher than present with many continental margins covered by broad shallow seas. These seas along the NeoTethys margin were dominantly carbonate platforms stretching westward from Arabia across Egypt and Tunisia. The Cretaceous deposits of the Arabian Peninsula show an evolution from a shelf margin to an epeiric platform.
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Theory and Approach for Mapping Hydrodynamic Traps and a Middle East Example
Authors Y. Yang and K. Al MahmoudProvided hydraulic heads in the ground water surrounding a hydrocarbon accumulation are the same, the only force acting on the hydrocarbon body is buoyancy, which is vertical. This force results in the horizontal contact between oil and water. If hydraulic heads are different, the hydrocarbon body is also subjected to a lateral hydraulic force. The direction of the resultant force of buoyancy and hydraulic force is not vertical. As a result, the oil water contact is tilted. Obviously, for a given trapping structure, the boundary of hydrocarbon accumulation for tilted oil water contact is different from the one of the horizontal oil water contact. This hydrodynamically influenced trapping phenomenon has been observed worldwide. Hubbert (1953) developed an approach to map such hydrodynamic traps based on lengthy and complicated mathematical manipulations. It is important to correctly map the tilted oil water contact in order to delineate the accumulation and evaluate the reserves. Based on explicit hydraulic principles we derived an equation to locate oil water contact from simple mathematical manipulations. We then developed a clear approach to delineate hydrodynamic traps using our constructed equation. We applied our approach to exploration prospects and the results explained the observed findings from the drilled wells.
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Potential for Basin-Centred Gas in Saudi Arabia; Southwest Ghawar Basin - A Case Study
Authors M.A. Al-Duhailan, A. Al Naim and M.J. Al-MahmoudThe potential for basin-centered gas (BCG) accumulations in Saudi Arabia was investigated by reviewing the Paleozoic petroleum system elements. As a case study, a detailed analysis was conducted on the Southwest Ghawar Basin.
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Appraising a Tight Gas Discovery
Authors S. Al Kindy, M. Weissenback, S. Al Mahruqi and H. Al SiyabiThis paper presents a tight gas accumulation which was discovered in 2009 following the drilling of a vertical pilot hole and subsequent highly deviated hole. Both holes were successfully drilled using the under-balance drilling (UBD) technology which enabled gas flow to be recorded at surface while drilling the reservoir interval.
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Underbalanced Drilling as a Tool to Test Tight Gas Plays: An Example from the Empty Quarter, Saudi Arabia
Authors A. Briner, A. Axon, L. Arseneault, Y. Al-Maashari and V. VyasUnderbalanced drilling was implemented in one of SRAK’s exploration wells, Zaynan-2, as the deeper Palaeozoic reservoirs in the Rub’ al Khali are known to be commonly tight and susceptible to near-wellbore formation impairment during conventional drilling. UBD offered a possible solution for reservoir evaluation and demonstrating any possible flow. In other prospects, previous conventional drilling, stimulation and well clean-up had typically failed to unambiguously characterize pay and produce hydrocarbons to surface.
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