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ECMOR IX - 9th European Conference on the Mathematics of Oil Recovery
- Conference date: 30 Aug 2004 - 02 Sep 2004
- Location: Cannes, France
- Published: 30 August 2004
1 - 20 of 87 results
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Neptune Project – Modelling and Simulation of Carbonate Environments
Authors B. Leflon and G. MassonnatA001 NEPTUNE PROJECT – MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF CARBONATE ENVIRONMENTS Abstract 1 Neptune is a software developed to provide realistic and consistent stratigraphic grid and facies proportions from well data and geology knowledge. It is based on the relationship between the facies and the bathymetry of deposit. Such a relation is generally known approximately by sedimentologists and is case study dependant. It is defined as bathymetry distribution of probability for each facies. A method has been developed to compute automatically and for each well path a curve of bathymetry deduced from observed facies log and given distributions of bathymetry. Extrapolation
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Structural Uncertainty Modelling and the Representation of Faults as Staircases
Authors H.H. Soleng, J.C. Rivenæs, J. Gjerde, K. Hollund and L. Holden1 A002 STRUCTURAL UNCERTAINTY MODELLING AND THE Abstract REPRESENTATION OF FAULTS AS STAIRCASES HARALD H. SOLENG ∗ JAN C. RIVENÆS ‡ JON GJERDE ∗ KNUT HOLLUND ∗ and LARS HOLDEN ∗ ∗ Norwegian Computing Center P.O. Box 114 Blindern NO-0314 Oslo Norway ‡ Norsk Hydro P.O. Box 7100 NO-5020 Bergen Norway Quite often structural uncertainty is the dominating uncertainty of the oil production of a field. The structural geology of an oil field is a large-scale property with non-linear effects on flow. Hence its effect on production can’t be quantified simply by varying a few parametres and as a consequence
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A 4D Stratigraphic Model Fitting Seismic Data for Sedimentary Basin Modelling
Authors G. Dobranszky, R. Masson, E. Albouy and M.C. CacasA003 A 4D STRATIGRAPHIC MODEL FITTING SEISMIC DATA FOR SEDIMENTARY BASIN MODELLING Introduction 1 G. DOBRANSZKY* R. MASSON E. ALBOUY & M.C. CACAS Institut Français du Pétrole 1 et 4 avenue du Bois Préau 92500 Rueil-Malmaison Abstract. Diffusive multi-lithology stratigraphic models are used in oil exploration in order to determine the geometry of sedimentary units and to characterise their sedimentary facies (depositional water depth sand/shale ratio…). One of the main difficulties in the use of such models is that their entry parameters (mainly accommodation input sediments diffusion coefficients) have to be inverted to fit the seismic and well log data.
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3D-Parameterization of the 3D Geological Space – The GeoChron Model
Authors R. Moyen, J.-L. Mallet, T. Frank, B. Leflon and J.-J. RoyerA004 3D-PARAMETERIZATION OF THE 3D GEOLOGICAL SPACE – THE GEOCHRON MODEL Abstract 1 One of the key points in reservoir modeling is the building of a complex 3D-mesh which must integrate various constraints: respecting the geometry of the fault network taking into account stratigraphic knowledge computing petrophysical properties by geostatistical methods allowing upscaling and/or flow simulation… The building of this mesh relies on the use of a parametric coordinate system (u v t) such that (u v) corresponds to “horizontal” curvilinear coordinates tangent to the horizons while (t) corresponds to the “vertical” curvilinear axis approximately orthogonal to the horizons. So
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Local Geostatistics
By C.L. FarmerA005 LOCAL GEOSTATISTICS 1. Introduction 1 Standard approaches to scattered data interpolation use the theory of Gaussian random functions. First the correlation function (or equivalently the variogram) is defined either by direct assumption based on analogues and conceptual models or sometimes by inference from the data to be interpolated. Then a maximum probability argument leads to the various forms of Kriging. This is justified when the data is plentiful and such that the Voronoi diagram of the data points has cells that are less than the correlation length in diameter. When data is scant realisations conditioned on the scattered data
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Dynamic Conditioning of Geo-Models Using Gradient-Based Optimization
More Less� A006 DYNAMIC CONDITIONING OF GEO-MODELS USING GRADIENT-BASED OPTIMIZATION �������� ���� ���� �������� � ������ ��� ������������ ������ ����� �� � ���������� ��������� �� ������� �������� ����� ���� ���� ����� ��� ���������� � �������������� ������������ ������ �� ���� �� �������� �� ��������� �������� ����� �������� �������� ���� ���� ������� ���� � ��������� ���������� ��� ��������� �������� ���� �� � ������������� �������� �� ����� ���� � ��� ����������� ��������� ��� � ���������� ���������� ��� ��������� �������������� ������� �� ��� ������ �������� ����� ��������� ����������� ��� �� ��������� ������������ ��� ��� �� �������� �� ���������� ����� ��� ��� �� ��� �������� �������������
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Rebuilding and Recalibrating an Existing Reservoir Model
Authors M. Le Ravalec-Dupin, L.Y. Hu, O. Merghirbi and F. RoggeroA007 REBUILDING AND RECALIBRATING AN EXISTING RESERVOIR MODEL Abstract 1 The increasing computer power and the recent developments in history-matching can motivate the re-examination of previously built reservoir models. To save engineer and CPU times we develop four distinct algorithms which allow for rebuilding an existing reservoir model without restarting the reservoir study from scratch. These algorithms involve techniques such as optimization relaxation Wiener filtering or sequential reconstruction. Basically they are used to identify a random function and a set of random numbers. Given the random function the random numbers yield a realization which is pretty close to the existing
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The Probability Perturbation Method – An Alternative to a Traditional Bayesian Approach for Solving Inverse Problems
By J. CaersA008 THE PROBABILITY PERTURBATION METHOD – AN ALTERNATIVE TO A TRADITIONAL BAYESIAN APPROACH FOR SOLVING INVERSE PROBLEMS Abstract 1 Jef CAERS Stanford University Petroleum Engineering Stanford CA 94305-2220 USA Bayesian inverse theory provides a framework for solving inverse problems that are non-unique e.g. history matching. The Bayesian approach relies on the fact that the conditional probability of the model parameters given the data (the posterior) is proportional to the likelihood of observing the data and a prior belief expressed as a prior distribution of the model parameters. In case the prior is not Gaussian and the relation between data and
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History Matching with the Probability Perturbation Method – Applications to a North Sea Reservoir
Authors B.T. Hoffman and J. CaersA009 HISTORY MATCHING WITH THE PROBABILITY PERTURBATION METHOD – APPLICATION TO A NORTH SEA RESERVOIR Abstract 1 This paper presents a general history matching technique to create simulation models that honor prior geological information and match production data. The methodology relies on a region-wise perturbation of the probability distributions used to generate the reservoir models. Perturbing probabilities rather than actual petrophysical properties guarantees that the conceptual geologic model is maintained and that border artifacts are avoided. By allowing the properties in different region to be perturbed by different amounts an efficient match of the observed data can be found. A
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Multiscale Reservoir Characterization Using Production and Time Lapse Seismic Data
Authors M. Mezghani, A. Fornel, V. Langlais and N. LucetA010 MULTISCALE RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION USING PRODUCTION AND TIME LAPSE SEISMIC DATA 1 Abstract In reservoir characterization the value of each piece of data does not lie in its isolated use but rather in the value it adds to the analysis when integrated with other data. Earth scientists from different disciplines have made many efforts to better predict the spatial distribution of petrophysical properties. However the interpretation of isolated piece of knowledge without a real integration of disciplines cannot lead to a quantitative answer in terms of reservoir characterization. In this paper we present a joint inversion scheme for estimating petrophysical
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History Matching of a Stochastic Fault Network for Production Forecasts
Authors S. Jenni, L.Y. Hu and G. de MarsilyA011 HISTORY MATCHING OF A STOCHASTIC FAULT NETWORK FOR PRODUCTION FORECASTS Abstract 1 This paper presents a case study that illustrates the applicability of an inverse procedure for history matching of object-based stochastic models of faulted and fractured reservoirs based on the “gradual deformation” algorithm. The procedure preserves the geological constraints derived from seismic attributes fault-related strain field structural information (curvature) etc. The results of this study also show the usefulness of such history matched fractured reservoir models for production forecasts. 1. Introduction S. JENNI 1 L.Y. HU 1 AND G. DE MARSILY 2 1 Institut Français du Pétrole 1
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A Real Parameter Genetic Algorithm for Cluster Identification in History Matching
Authors J.N. Carter and P.J. BallesterA012 A REAL PARAMETER GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR CLUSTER IDENTIFICATION IN HISTORY MATCHING Abstract Non-linear inverse problems by their very nature can be expected to yield multiple solutions. This will occur even when the problem is well defined in the sense that the number of measurements is significantly greater than the number of free parameters. These solutions will manifest themselves as local optima for some objective function and will be separated by regions of poor objective function value. In history matching the challenge is to identify all of the high quality local optima and sample the parameter space around them. Within
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History Matching with Respect to Reservoir Structure
Authors S.I. Aanonsen, O. Lia and O.J. ArntzenA013 HISTORY MATCHING WITH RESPECT TO RESERVOIR STRUCTURE Abstract 1 A practical method for history-matching with respect to geological fault properties (fault displacement average dip and strike smear-gouge-ratio shale-smear-factor etc.) is presented. The method is based on coupling commercial software for fault modelling with a reservoir simulator. The history-matching and control of these tools are performed using standard optimization routines in MATLAB. Both large seismic faults as well as small subseismic faults can be modelled. For the large faults the simulation model grid is automatically deformed in each iteration of the history-matching process. The sealing effect is based on an
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Robust Coarse Scale Modeling of Flow and Transport in Heterogeneous Reservoirs
Authors L.J. Durlofsky, Y. Chen and X.H. WenA014 ROBUST COARSE SCALE MODELING OF FLOW AND TRANSPORT IN HETEROGENEOUS RESERVOIRS Abstract 1 Techniques for the generation of accurate coarse scale simulation models are described and applied. An iterative procedure for the calculation of upscaled transmissibilities referred to as an adaptive localglobal method is presented. This approach uses a global coarse scale flow solution for the determination of the local boundary conditions required for the upscaling computations. Enhanced accuracy relative to existing techniques is demonstrated. For transport calculations the method is applied in the context of multiscale modeling (which entails a reconstruction of the fine scale velocity field followed
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Classification of Pseudo Functions Using Statistical Analyses
Authors E. Bagnolet, P. Samier, P. Dupouy and J.P. ValoisA015 CLASSIFICATION OF PSEUDO FUNCTIONS USING STATISTICAL ANALYSES 1 Pierre SAMIER 1 Eline BAGNOLET 2 Philippe DUPOUY 3 Jean Paul VALOIS 1 1 TOTAL CSTJF Avenue Larribau 641018 PAU Cedex – France 2 IMPERIAL COLLEGE Earth Science and Engineering – London - UK 3 TOTAL YEMEN – SANA’A - YEMEN Abstract In reservoir engineering although upscaling absolute permeability is now a well-established technique upscaling relative permeability and capillary pressures remains still a complicated issue. Pseudo relative permeabilities and capillary pressures are used in reservoir simulation in an attempt to capture the effects on multi-phase fluid flow of heterogeneities not represented
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3D Upscaling of Fault Damage Zones for Reservoir Modelling
Authors A.Z. Vaszi, S.D. Harris and R.J. KnipeA016 3D UPSCALING OF FAULT DAMAGE ZONES FOR RESERVOIR MODELLING 1 ATTILA Z. VASZI SIMON D. HARRIS AND ROB J. KNIPE Rock Deformation Research School of Earth Sciences University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK Abstract The characterisation of the architecture of fault zones where a damage zone around the major slip surface is composed of a complex array of minor faults is only usually achievable via 2D maps or 1D line samples or well logs. In this paper we address issues related to generating a 3D stochastic fault damage zone (FDZ) model that creates realistic fault systems resembling those
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The Development of Upscaling for Poroelasticity and Macro-Anisotropy Modeling of the Biot Problem
Authors M.Y. Zaslavsky and A.K. PergamentA017 THE DEVELOPMENT OF UPSCALING FOR POROELASTICITY AND MACRO-ANISOTROPY MODELING OF THE BIOT PROBLEM Abstract 1 This paper focuses on blocks upscaling for 3D poroelastic problem in fractured media. In the beginning the set of upscaling procedures for determining the coefficients or poroelastic equations is examined. It is established that the P. King procedure [14] and others may be obtained by developing the specific finite difference schemes for each cell of the grid each difference scheme being in accordance with the kind of upscaling procedure. As a result in poroelastic theory the diagonal effective tensors of permeability and elastic moduli
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A New Way of Looking at Upscaling
Authors G.E. Pickup, H. Monfared, P. Zhang and M.A. ChristieA018 A NEW WAY OF LOOKING AT UPSCALING Abstract 1 G.E. Pickup H. Monfared P. Zhang and M.A. Christie Institute of Petroleum Engineering Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4As Scotland UK. The current trend in reservoir simulation is to generate a large number of models (sometimes many thousands) in order to investigate the effects of uncertainty in model parameters. For speed often only coarse-scale models are created. However these may over-look the effects of finer-scale structure. On the other hand generating fine-scale models presents problems because it is time-consuming and the models have to be upscaled to reduce the number of
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Joint Propagation in Relatively Undeformed Bedded Sedimentary Rock through Compression Failure Mechanisms
Authors D. Picard, C. Putot and D. LeguillonA020 JOINT PROPAGATION IN RELATIVELY UNDEFORMED BEDDED SEDIMENTARY ROCK THROUGH COMPRESSION FAILURE MECHANISMS 1 Abstract The representation of joint (opening –mode fractures) and fracture swarm development is classically presented by a first order phenomenon involving effective traction orthogonal to fracture plane (regional extension). Although commonly used this hypothesis seems to us less realistic in many circumstances and may conflict with geological observations. Therefore we describe fracture growth as a second order phenomena resulting from crack parallel compression. Figure 1 : systematic jointing Figure 2 : fracture swarm (after Auzias[1]) One example of systematic joint characterisation D. PICARD 1 2 C.
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Characterizing Fractured Reservoirs Using Structural Attributes
Authors J.J. Royer, P. Muron, R. Moyen, L. Mace and J.-L. MalletA021 CHARACTERIZING FRACTURED RESERVOIRS USING STRUCTURAL ATTRIBUTES Abstract 1 A new full-3D balanced restoration technique for geological structures is used to estimate the strain tensor and to define fractured zones applying failure criteria. This approach based on the elastic solid theory of continuous media gives the tensor of deformations. In simple cases such as thin plates this new approach is in agreement with results predicted by the theory. Strain tensor invariants (dilatation coefficient principal strains etc.) coupled with mechanical properties of rock types are used to characterize the distribution of fracture orientations. The method is applied on the Split Mountain
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