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IPTC 2009: International Petroleum Technology Conference
- Conference date: 07 Dec 2009 - 09 Dec 2009
- Location: Doha, Qatar
- Published: 07 December 2009
1 - 100 of 370 results
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Gas Condensate Allocation in Un-Mixed Complex Reservoirs Using Combined Fingerprinting and PVT Technologies
Authors F. Gelin, F. Montel, J. Bickert and A. NoyauReservoir monitoring for gas/condensates fields is often considered as challenging when the production reduces the reservoir
pressure below the dew point. The induced compositional changes are usually thought to hamper the use of fingerprinting for
allocation and reservoir monitoring. Similarly fluid composition from segregated grading gas condensates reservoirs could be
significantly modified through production, thus generating fingerprinting changes.
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An Integral Approach Boosts the Value of Heavy Oil Core Analysis
Authors P.E. Carreras, J.E. Burger, T. Inouye, D.L. Barge and A. IqbalThe Large Scale Steamflood Pilot (LSP) is a project aimed to determine the feasibility of economically steamflooding the
Wafra First Eocene carbonate reservoir. The field is located in the Partitioned Neutral Zone, between Kuwait and Saudi
Arabia. The reservoir is a dolomite, with 14-20 API oil.
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Successful Multi-Stage Hydraulic Fracturing of Openhole Horizontal Wells in Hassi Messaoud Oilfield
Authors B. Achi, L. Bouazza, R. Zeghouani, A. Ferhat, B. Olaoye and H. HelouAt present, hundreds of horizontal wells have been drilled in Hassi Messaoud counting for about one fourth of the field’s
output. Among these, several wells are underperforming and could not yield the expected production. Vertical and areal
permeability anisotropies, absence of natural fractures, severe heterogeneity, reservoir damage and wellbore instability are
the main factors to blame for poor productivity. To address the problem of poor vertical communication and get past the near
wellbore damage, hydraulic fracturing has been thought of as the best solution to improve productivity.
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Applicability of SOS-FR (Steam-Over-Solvent Injection in Fractured Reservoirs) Method for Heavy-Oil Recovery from Deep Fractured Carbonates
Authors T. Babadagli and M. Al MuatasimTapping heavy-oil from fractured carbonates is a real challenge due to unfavourable rock and reservoir characteristics.
Thermal or solvent injection techniques are two possible options to mobilize -matrix- oil of naturally fractured
reservoirs by reducing its viscosity.
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The Use of Self-Healing Cement to Ensure Long-Term Zonal Isolation for HPHT Wells Subject to Hydraulic Fracturing Operations in Pakistan
Authors M. Ali, S. Taoutaou, A.U. Shafqat, A. Salehapour and S. NoorOMV (PAKISTAN) Exploration G m.b.H (along with its JV partners ENI, MND, OGDCL, PPL, and GHPL) has been
actively in drilling and stimulating HPHT wells in Pakistan since 1991.
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Gas Hydrate Problems in Desert of Sultanate of Oman: Experiences and Integrated Inhibition Program
Authors A. Nengkoda, A. Harthy, W.A. Taha, H. Reerink, M. Hajri, H. Alfred, L. Muchjin and S. PurwonoCurrently, there are more than 10 oil producing station, in both North and South area operation of Petroleum
Development Oman, which facing a unique gas hydrate problems. Most of these wells are producing by the support of
gas lift. Therefore, it is very important that the gas lift network is kept optimally operating to maintain the intended
production.
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Characterizing the Flow Units in Carbonates With Production Logging and Borehole Images: Developing a Workflow in Western Offshore India
Authors R. Avtar, K.J. Singh, P.P. Singh, C. Shrivastva, A. Pandey, K. Sikdar and A. KumarThe first ever compartmentalized flow profiling job in a horizontal developmental well in India was a success as a result of
seamless completion design, pre-job, on-job and post-job planning and job coordination. The completion strategy of the well
was the core contributor for the success of the well.
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Multiple Attenuation for the GlyVeST Seismic Data From the Faroes: An Integrated Workflow Using Modeling and SRME
Authors K.D. Nguyen and J. BrownMultiple is a long-standing problem in petroleum seismology. Despite significant achievements in developing advanced
techniques to attenuate multiples, there is currently no single multiple-attenuation technique that can be applied to attenuate all
the various types of multiples.
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Subsurface Design for Safe, Efficient and Reliable Carbon Dioxide Storage Projects
Authors J.R. Wilkinson and R.C. SzafranskiOver the past several decades the oil and gas industry has developed full-system approaches for safe and cost-effective
injection of methane, carbon dioxide and acid gas. Projects have been executed successfully in formations spanning a full
range of depths, reservoir quality, pressures and temperatures.
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Qualification and Deployment of a Unique Polymer Conformance Control System
Authors D. Brink, B. Ritchie, I. Abbasy, M. Pitts, M.R. Jaafar and D. BeamanShort circuiting between producers and injectors continues to challenge operators. A unique water-swelling polymer (WSP) system
was developed and extensively tested in the laboratory. This polymer has the ability to absorb 30 to 400 times its weight in water and
therefore can plug off high-permeability features or fractures. Because of the size of this material, it cannot penetrate most matrix
systems. Another potential application could be the control of lost circulation whilst drilling.
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A Modern Analogue for Middle East Carbonate Reservoirs: The Lagoon of Al Dakhirah in Qatar
Authors C. Bruno, I. Billeaud, C. Pabian-Goyheneche, D. Laurier, O. Dubrule, B. Klein and C. FraisseThe modern carbonate-evaporite depositional environments along the Arabian shores of the Gulf are considered as
useful shallow-marine and coastal analogues for Middle East reservoirs such as the Khuff, the Arab, the Mishrif or the
Shuaiba Fm (Alsharhan and Kendall, 2003; Warren, 2006).
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Experimental Investigation of Interfacial Interactions of Condensate/Brine/SC-CO2 Systems at High Pressure and High Temperature Conditions
Authors A. Al-Abri and R. AminThe subject of enhanced natural gas and condensate recovery by supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) injection tends to be bypassed by
researchers despite the existence of several laboratory and field studies of CO2 displacements in conventional oil reservoirs.
While the phase behavior of SCCO2/condensate system is a critical factor in determining the effectiveness of the recovery
process nevertheless, the interfacial tension (IFT) is an important parameter in verifying the efficiency of the displacement
process.
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Combining Wireline and LWD Borehole Seismic Data for Drilling HPHT Well: A Novel Approach
Authors T.K. Lim, A. Ahmed, G. Taslim and M.A. GibrataA unique integrated borehole seismic technique was used to access and mitigate drilling risk on a Petronas Carigali highpressure,
high-temperature (HPHT) exploration well offshore Sabah.
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Changing the Game in the Stimulation of Thick Carbonate Gas Reservoirs
Authors S. Thabet, M. Brady, C. Parsons, S. Byrne, S. Voropaev, T. Lesko, P. Tardy, C. Cohen and A. MchawehIn this paper we present details of the approach utilized to optimize the completion and stimulation campaign in the continued
development of a large gas carbonate field in the Middle East. A new acid diverter was deployed along with a revised
placement model, field calibrated to more accurately predict treatment pressure responses, to optimize treatment design and to
maximize diversion in this layered reservoir. Results presented include typical stimulation treatment plots alongside model
post treatment pressure history matches, pre and post stimulation production logs, clean up data and well test interpretations.
We also present details on how this new approach facilitated the execution of simultaneous drilling and well intervention
operations.
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Advancements in Near-Wellbore Stimulation with Fluidic Oscillator: Case Histories of North Africa
More LessIn North Africa oil fields, numerous old wells have been completed with 4.5- or 5-in. slotted liners. These wells have been
producing oil for several years and have a history of stimulation activity performed to clean up near-wellbore damage caused
by scale and asphaltene deposits and workover-fluid invasion.
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Meeting Complex Drilling and Subsurface Challenges Through Advanced Software Tools
Authors E.L. Mulkay and D.A. BakerExxonMobil has a strong commitment to developing and utilizing drilling and subsurface research. Previous presentations
have discussed examples of unique ExxonMobil drilling and subsurface technology. However, while individual technologies
give benefit incrementally, maximum business impact is realized only when each technology is integrated into the larger
drilling and subsurface workflow and moved from the research lab to the operational environment. Furthermore, the resulting
software implementation must be technologically sound and usable in the context of drilling and subsurface workflows to be
of business value.
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Primary Category - Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, and Depositional Environments (e.g. Framework for Geological Modelling)
Authors F. Maurer, R. Rettori, S. Cirilli and H. HillgärtnerThe availability of outcrops to study reservoir-scale geobodies is key for a successful exploration
and exploitation of subsurface hydrocarbon accumulations. The increased development of giant
gas fields in the Permian Khuff Formation in the Persian Gulf calls for more geological work in
such outcrop equivalents.
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Pore to Grid Carbonate Rock-Typing
Authors M. Rebelle, F. Umbhauer and E. PoliOften considered as a complex task, rock-typing in carbonates comes down to achieve reconciliation between
various sources of data, including high resolution logs, representative core data and dynamic data.
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Prediction of Optimum Thermal Insulation Thickness for Oil and Gas Process Piping and Equipments Using Simple Method
Authors A. Bahadori and H.B. VuthaluruSelection and determination of optimum thickness of insulation is of prime interest for many engineering applications. In this
study, a simple method is developed to estimate the thickness of thermal insulation required to arrive at a desired heat flow or
surface temperature for flat surfaces, ducts and pipes.
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A New Method to Predict Performance of Horizontal and Multilateral Wells
Authors M. Tabatabaei and A. GhalamborProduction enhancement and ultimate recovery improvement have given horizontal wells the edge over vertical wells in
many marginal reservoirs. However, it is more expensive to drill and complete a horizontal well than a vertical one.
Therefore, to determine the economical feasibility of drilling a horizontal well, engineers need reliable methods to estimate
its productivity.
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The Khuff Play Related Petroleum System Between The Qatar Arch and the Fars Area
Authors J.-J. Biteau, B. Chevallier, V. Coll, N. Répieux, B. Balusseau and G. Choppin de JanvryThe interpretation study which is presented has been carried out on the Silurian-Khuff Petroleum System, to verify a hydrocarbon dysmigration
and redistribution concept which was developed by some authors in the past for the Fars domain.
Considering that the Silurian source rock layers have probably worked in the Qatar-Iran area as well as in North Africa (Tanezzuft formation)
and other places in the Middle East platform (Qusaiba formation), we have tried a qualitative and quantitative approach of the timing of this
generative system at a more extended mega-regional scale.
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Analysis and Applications of Steam-Water Flow in Wells
Authors A.R. Hasan and X. WangThis work presents a simple yet accurate model for two-phase flow that is easily incorporated in a heat transfer model. The fluid
flow model uses a single expression for liquid holdup, with flow-pattern-dependent values for flow parameter and rise velocity.
To avoid abrupt changes in gradients at flow pattern boundaries, we use an empirically determined exponential function for
smooth transition of parameter values between flow patterns. Frictional and kinetic heads, whose contribution to total pressure
loss are small, are estimated using the homogeneous model.
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Removal of Wellbore Scales From High Temperature Depleted Gas Wells
Authors Z. Mujica, L.N. Morgenthaler, E. Samuel and Z. XiaoMixed mineral scales were observed in production tubulars of many Mobile Bay gas wells. These wells are mostly ultra-high
temperature (about 400°F) sour gas producers with condensed formation water. Reservoir pressure (about 5000psi) is
considered low for the 21,000 ft deep wells due to depletion. Hydrochloric and organic acids have been used historically for
scale removal in these wells with mixed results.
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Formation Pressure While Drilling Measurements for Reservoir Management Applications—Case Studies from Saudi Arabia
Authors F.N. Kelly, Z. Ab Rahim, P.M. Neumann, S.A. Logan and V. AgrawalThe introduction of formation-pressure-while-drilling tools has brought significant benefits to the industry including improved well landing
and placement, drilling optimization, and reservoir characterization. Acquiring formation pressure data while drilling rather than traditional
wireline methods may be particularly advantageous when rig costs or wellbore stability risks are high. Typical reservoir management
applications include identification of reservoir compartmentalization and permeability barriers, identification of fluid type using gradients,
and identification of the best production/injection zones on the basis of reservoir pressure and mobility estimates.
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Fluid Discrimination Applying AVA Potentiality for Carbonate Reservoir in UAE
Authors S.L. Mahmoud, A.A. Othman, W.L. Soroka, A.B. Al Jeelani and D. HamedWell based modeling and seismic data analysis were used to investigate the potential of Amplitude Variation with Angle
(AVA) for fluid discrimination in a high porosity carbonate reservoir in a producing UAE oil field. Gassmann fluid
substitution was used to model well log data, which included compressional and shear sonic logs and density logs to produce
synthetic well logs representing the reservoir at 100% fluid saturations of brine, oil and gas at reservoir pressure and
temperature conditions. The average VP/VS ratio for brine saturated reservoir (~2.0) was observed to be higher than both the
oil (~1.7) and gas (~1.6) saturated reservoir cases.
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Expanding Use of a Pulsed Neutron Tool for Borehole Flow Profiling and Formation Residual Oil Evaluation in Horizontal Wells Leads to Successful Workover: A Case Study From Tarim Basin, China
More LessAccurate evaluation of remaining oil can be effectively complemented with production logging data in a horizontal well for a
successful workover. The pulsed neutron tool has been used for production profile measurements in complex stratified flow
regimes in horizontal wells for some years using water flow log and three-phase holdup log measurements.
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Anticollision and Risk Management Offshore Qatar: A Successful Collaboration
Authors B. Poedjono, E. Isevcan, G.J. Lombardo, J. Walker and S. McCullochAn effective anticollision risk management approach is essential for drilling safely in the congested subsurface environments
increasingly common in today’s drilling programs. Because there is as yet no industry-wide standard for collision risk
assessment and management, many companies have developed their own standards, which can differ in significant details. In
one recent project, both the operator and the directional drilling contractor had developed specific anticollision procedures.
The challenge was to create a drilling program that satisfied the requirements of both standards. This paper describes the
problems we encountered and the solutions we created to successfully design and execute a drilling plan satisfactory to both
companies.
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Development of Discrete Fracture Network Model Simulator, GeoFlow, for Evaluation of Three Dimensional Channeling Flow
Authors T. Ishibashi, N. Watanabe, N. Hirano, A. Okamoto and N. TsuchiyaThe discrete fracture network (DFN) model simulation, in which the fracture network can have a natural heterogeneity, is one
of the most effective approaches in fluid flow analyses for a fractured reservoir. In the DFN model simulation, the fracture is
modeled by a pair of parallel smooth plates although real fractures have rough surfaces.
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Basement Reservoirs – A Review of their Geological and Production Characteristics
More LessThis presentation describes the geological characteristics, technical issues and development challenges associated with
hydrocarbon exploitation in crystalline basement formations. The term ‘basement’ here refers to crystalline formations
ranging from intrusive and extrusive magmatic bodies (especially granites) to the family of low to medium grade metamorphic
rocks.
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Green Chemicals Opportunity for Water Treatment Process Steam EOR: Case Study
Authors A. Nengkoda, A. Busaidy, A. Alawi, M. Johnson, R. Pahnke, S. Nair, S. Dobretsov and G. MadaThe X Field steam-injection project in Sultanate of Oman is the world’s first full-field steam-injection project based on
thermally assisted gas/oil gravity drainage (TAGOGD) in a fractured carbonate field. The project scope includes drilling
some wells and installing facilities to treat water and generate around 18,000 tonnes per day of steam, the plant targeted to be
started up in around year 2010.
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Dynamic Surveillance Templates for Reservoir Management: Diagnostic Tools Oriented to Production Optimization
Authors M. Perna, G. Bartolotto, R. Latronico and R. SghairThe huge number of available data imposes the use of finest tools to be shared by several stakeholders avoiding time
consumption and repetition of same tasks1. This paper presents the use of dynamic templates developed on well known concepts
in the literature, other than those frequently used for reservoir and production monitoring. This study proposes few tools
developed on different fields that have proven useful in the surveillance and monitoring phases as well as the further
optimization activity.
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Samarang Field – Seismic To Simulation Redevelopment Evaluation Brings New Life to an Old Oilfield, Offshore Sabah, Malaysia
Authors J.K. Forrest, A. Hussain, M. Orozco, J.P. Bourge, T. Bui, R. Henson and J. JalaludinSamarang field is a 35 year-old oilfield offshore Malaysia that
was initially developed by Shell beginning in 1975. The field
was relinquished to Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd (PCSB) in
1995, which continued field operations and were able to
significantly reduce the production decline rates.
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Methodology for Determination of Reservoir Complexity from DFA Tools and EOS Log Predictions
Authors J.Y. Zuo, C.-G. Xian, S. Haddad and A. BerrimReservoir hydrocarbons often present complicated properties and phase behaviors in single columns. It is of great importance
to determine fluid heterogeneities and compartmentalization at the early exploration and appraisal stage. However, gathering
information on fluid heterogeneities and phase behaviors is a difficult process that conventionally requires numerous fluid
samples and associated laboratory analysis. An effective and reliable way is highly demanded.
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Three Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Fluid Flow through Fractured Rock Core Using X-Ray Computed Tomography
Authors N. Watanabe, N. Hirano, N. Tsuchiya, Y. Ohsaki, T. Tamagawa, Y. Tsuchiya and H. OkabeA three dimensional numerical modeling coupled with X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) for fracture flow was applied to
fractured granite core samples. One of the samples had an artificial single fracture, and the others had natural multiple
fractures. A relationship between CT value and fracture aperture (fracture aperture calibration curve) was obtained by X-ray
CT scanning for a fracture aperture calibration standard with varying the aperture from 0.1 to 0.5 mm. As a result, a linear
relationship was obtained between CT value and fracture aperture.
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Core Scale Heterogeneity and Resistivity Modelling for Accurate Fluid Status and Saturation Evaluation in a Non Archie Carbonate Reservoir, Libya
Authors A. Elsadawi, F. Umbhauer, J.P Leduc and E. GuyotteLow Resistivity Pay intervals are often present along carbonate reservoirs sections and bring a lot of problems in fluid
determination and saturation assessment. An integrated methodology has been developed from a well documented Libyan field
case to tackle these problems.
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Ultra-Low Pressure Wellbore Cleanouts Using Micro-Vacuuming Technology and Concentric Coiled Tubing
Authors O. Gunther, G. Higgins, J. Li and M. LambertIn instances of ultra-low bottom hole pressure (BHP) where the results of conventional cleanout methodologies range from
inefficient to ineffective, wellbore vacuuming technology has proven to be a reliable alternative. Technology using concentric
coil-in-coil tubing (CCT) design was developed in 1995 and is being used as an effective method to remove both unwanted
liquids and solids from wells where formation pressure is prohibitively low for conventional cleanout techniques.
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Preventing Proppant and Formation-Sand Production in High Water Cut, Heavy-Oil Wells: A Field Study from Argentina
Authors D. Daparo, L. Solis, E. Perez, C. Saravia, P.D. Nguyen and J.C. BonapaceFlowback of proppant and formation sand often poses serious challenges to operating companies when these solids cause
equipment damage, costly and frequent cleanup treatments, and production decreases. These flowback problems are often
compounded in severity in wells with production of heavy oil and high water cuts. Once the proppant is produced out, there
is no mechanical means to keep the unconsolidated sand in the perforations or behind the casing in place. Similarly,
formation sand from the perforations not aligned with the propped fractures produces out freely during well production once
the proppant filling the perforation tunnels produces out.
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The (FC)2 Alliance - An Innovation Portal for Research on the Fundamental Controls on Flow in Carbonates
By S.M. AgarThe (FC)2 Alliance is founded on a thematic research framework to address "Fundamental Controls on Flow in Carbonates".
The Alliance involves students and professionals in geoscience and engineering in a major oil and gas company and
researchers from 10 universities.
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Reservoir Modeling and Production Evaluation in Shale-Gas Reservoirs
Authors C.L. Cipolla, E.P. Lolon and M.J. MayerhoferThis paper examines issues with forecasting and evaluating production from unconventional gas reservoirs, such as the
Barnett Shale. How can reservoirs be commercial with matrix permeability measured not in milli-Darcy or even micro-Darcy
(10-3 mD), but as low as 10-100 nano-Darcy (10-6 mD)?
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Cased Hole Resistivity—A Solution for Dukhan Field Arab C Reservoir Monitoring
Authors M.A.M.W. Hasan and R. PolinskiThe onshore Dukhan oil field of Qatar Petroleum has been under production since the 1940’s. Water is injected to maintain
reservoir pressure, and a reservoir monitoring program has been established to monitor movements of oil-water (OWC) and
gas-oil contacts (GOC) in the different reservoir zones. Historically, Pulsed Neutron Capture (PNC) logging (Sigma) was
carried out for contacts monitoring and time-lapse saturation monitoring. In September 2007 Cased Hole Resistivity (CHR)
was introduced for application in the Arab C reservoir.
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Case Study of Successful Matrix Stimulation of High-Water-Cut Wells in Dubai Offshore Fields
Authors F. Shnaib, A.M. Desouky, N. Mehrotra, M.M. Kuthubdeen, G. Rutzinger, T.C. Judd and R.P. RebelloThe candidate selection criteria, job design, and improved implementation techniques are important parameters for success in
remedial acidization jobs in mature fields.
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Advancement in Drilling Increases Penetration Rates in Deep, Hard and Abrasive East Texas Formation
More LessThis paper details the modifications performed and knowledge gained in 2007 and 2008 while drilling four underbalanced
(UB) vertical gas wells in the Travis Peak formation of the western east Texas deep Bossier play in the Amoroso field, using
jointed pipe. In spite of continuous improvements in drilling bit performance and better drilling practices, operators still face
the “80-20 rule.” Extremely hard and abrasive intervals represent about 20% of the total footage drilled, and they take about
80% of the time to drill out. Performance UB drilling (UBD) technology was used to increase the rate of penetration (ROP)
through the formation at depths of 9,800 ft (2,987 m) and greater. The surface and the intermediate casing intervals were
drilled conventionally. The next section (8 1/2-in. hole size, using hammer and tricone bits) was drilled using UBD
techniques that used straight air or membrane nitrogen (N2).
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Field-Application Results of HMWSP in Western Siberia: Design Optimization, Conclusions, and Recommendations
Authors O. Jaripatke, D. Dalrymple, A. Prokhorov, M. Gaponov and A. FakhreevaHistorically, hydraulic-fracture stimulation of zones with directly underlying waters has not been considered a practical
method for improved oil recovery.
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Process Methodological relationship between RAM and QRA
Authors A. Petrone, L. Scataglini and F. FabioDuring the whole Project Life Cycle of an Oil or Gas plant, Asset and Risk Management are the key drivers for making the
project profitable and in the meanwhile compliant with Health Safety and Environmental issues.
Risk management aims at controlling risks to protect people, environment and company assets.
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Separation and Recycling of Used Oil-Based Drilling Fluids
Authors R.S. Farinato, H. Masias, D. Garcia, R. Bingham and G. AntleA novel approach has been taken to separating, recovering and recycling the oil-continuous phase from used oil-based
drilling fluids. The method is based on destabilizing and aggregating the suspended solids and brine droplets through the
application of polymers and surfactants in a controlled mixing device. The aggregated material may then be centrifugally
separated using traditional solids-control equipment. This allows recovery of the oil-continuous phase, which may then be
recycled into another oil-based drilling fluid. Laboratory data and field case studies will be presented that substantiate the
efficacy of this solid-liquid separation method. Microscopic analyses of the aggregated solids support a proposed mechanism
based on preferential wettability.
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Hibernia Q Block - Waterflooding to Increase Field Liquid Recovery with the Presence of a Gas Cap
Authors R. Stright, G. Stylianides, A. Stackel and O. OzenThe Hibernia field, located 315 km offshore Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, began production in November 1997.
The southern part of the field is a waterflood development, with seawater injection used for pressure maintenance. The
northernmost portion of the field is a gasflood development that maintains pressure by re-injecting gas produced from the
waterflood for voidage balance. As the field matures, water production from the waterflood region is increasing significantly
and therefore the associated gas produced from these oil wells has been declining. As the availability of gas from the
waterflood area decreases, gasflood region production also decreases due to the declining amount of produced gas available
for injection for pressure maintenance. Another source of gas was needed to maximize gasflood region production.
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Gas-Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) Process for Improved Oil Recovery
Authors N. Kasiri and A. BashiriWater Alternating Gas injection (WAG) or Simultaneous Water and Gas Injection (SWAG) floods have been proposed as very
good solution to overcome gravity segregation and better EOR performance in compare to conventional continuous gas
injection (CGI). However WAG-Based processes cause some problems associated with increased water saturation including
diminished gas injectivity. As an effective alternative for WAG, Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) for conventional
reservoirs has been developed (US Patent 2006/0289157) that takes advantage of the natural segregation of gas from liquid
hydrocarbon during injection. The GAGD process consists of placing a horizontal producer near the bottom of oil column and
injecting gas through existing vertical wells. As the injected gas rises to form a gas zone, oil and water drain down to the
horizontal producer. Application of GAGD for IOR in naturally fractured reservoir is discussed here based on some facts and
figures.
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Hydrate Formation and Prevention in Gas Condensate Pipeline
Authors J. Ge and M.A. RasheedA gas condensate pipeline transports gas from an onshore Gas/Oil Separation Plant (GOSP) to a Processing Gas Plant. Gas
that flows into the pipeline is transported directly from the GOSP’s separator after compression without any further
dehydration process. As the gas temperature inside the pipeline begins to drop, water and condensate drop out from the gas.
The pipeline is flowing at a rate lower than its desired flow rate. Significant liquids (condensate and water) are accumulated
in the pipeline due to the low flow rate.
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Integration of Biodiversity Conservation into Site Operations: Methodological Approach and Field Projects
Authors P.M. Pedroni, J. M. Deffis and C. Alberti di CatenajaEngaging with biodiversity and integrating its conservation into operational practices has become increasingly
important for the energy sector since the overlap between geographical areas of biodiversity value and oil and gas
reserves has significantly increased, worldwide, in the last decade.
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Acidizing Treatments for Tight Gas Sandstone Reservoirs
Authors H.A. Al-Anazi, W.J. Assiri, B.H. Al-Malki and A.A. Al-KanaanStimulation of tight gas sandstone reservoirs is a challenge due to many variables
contributed into acidizing efficiency such acids type, concentration, volume, stages,
injection rate, reservoir temperature, fluids, and heterogeneity, clay type and content, and
soaking time. The presence of authigenic clays in reservoirs necessitates proper design of
acid treatment to avoid undesirable interaction of these clays with acids and released to
cause pore plugging. Therefore, stimulation fluids need to be properly selected to avoid
potential adverse results in these tight reservoirs.
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Deep Water Drilling: Full Pressure Profile Control in Open Hole Section Using Model Predictive Control
Authors Ø. Breyholtz and G. NygaardManaged pressure drilling has been introduced to reduce pressure related incidents related to targeting narrow pressure
margins prospects or deep water prospects. The full pressure profile method, which will be presented in detail in this paper,
classifies as a managed pressure drilling method, and is an extension of the well known constant bottom hole method. A case
study on a deep water drilling system is presented to demonstrate how model predictive control can simultaneously control the
height of the mud column and the flow rate to control the bottom hole pressure while trying to maintain an optimal casing shoe
pressure. A model predictive controller is implemented to fully automate the pressure and flow dynamics. Computer
simulations are presented to illustrate the potential of the chosen control strategy. Advantages and limitations associated with
the full pressure profile control method is analyzed and discussed.
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CO2 Management at ExxonMobil's LaBarge Field, Wyoming, USA
Authors M.E. Parker, S. Northrop, J.A. R.E. Foglesong and W.T. DuncanProduction of natural gas from the LaBarge field in southwest Wyoming began in 1986. This gas
contains high concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), and from the very beginning, ExxonMobil has
successfully implemented several technologies and approaches to effectively manage the substantial
volumes of CO2 associated with its production. Many of the technologies and approaches used for
managing CO2 at LaBarge are examples of technologies and approaches being proposed for use in
carbon capture and storage (CCS) by other industries.
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Simulating the Permeability Reduction due to Asphaltene Deposition in Porous Media
Authors A. Fadili, N. Alizadeh, E. Leung, A. Khaksar and S. AshooriA static to dynamic approach to modeling Asphaltenes has been developed and validated. A new algorithm for static
asphaltene modeling uses a multi-solid thermodynamics approach where the equality of fugacity for each component and
phase is applied at equilibrium conditions.
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Dynamic Asphaltene Behavior for Gas Injection Risk Analysis
Authors H. Yonebayashi, A. Al Mutairi, A. Al Habshi and D. UrasakiAsphaltene study is now becoming a regular menu as a part of gas injection studies1-11. The asphaltene onset pressure (AOP) is
one of the most important factors to understand asphaltene precipitating behavior. The SDS (solid detection system) based on
light scattering technique has been quite popular and widely used in all over the world1,7-9,12-15. The simple experiments to
measure AOP are usually conducted using mixture of reservoir fluid and injection gas, and various gas mixing volume are
assumed to be investigated. These various experimental specification of gas mixing volume are useful to understand
asphaltene risks during gas injection projects. However, what this investigation can show is just a static asphaltene behavior,
and sometimes might overlook true asphaltene risks.
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Downhole Fluid Density for Water-Base Mud Formation-Water Sampling with Wireline Formation Tester
Authors C. Mas, M. Ardilla and K.C. KinA vibrating rod downhole fluid density device with the unique perpendicular oscillation modes provides in-situ fluid density
measurements that improve a wireline formation tester’s pressure, mobility, downhole fluid analysis, and sampling
applications.
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Development & Usages of Geographical Information System (GIS) at Ras Laffan Industrial City
Authors P. Kumar, A.Q. Qaddumi, K.B. Khalifa Al Thani, S. Sameer and M. BokhariInformation systems which allows processing and presentation of location
specific graphic and non-graphic data are technically termed as
Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Geography matters a lot in
industrial (gas infrastructure) business city wherein its out side plant
infrastructure assets are spread on geographic layout plan. At QP-RLIC
GIS has been developed as a vital business tool for locating, planning
and managing its sprawling industrial infrastructure layout with immense
infrastructure on ground and utilities buried below.
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Ergonomics, Software and Geophysical Interpretation
Authors S.B. Wood, S.C. Peres, M. Akladios, P. Kortum and A. MuddimerRepetitive Strain Injury (RSI) negatively impacts the health and productivity of individuals and
corporations. In 2006 the Bureau of Labor and Statistics reported that Repetitive Strain Injuries accounted for
30% of total workplace injuries and illnesses in America. RSI burdens American employers with annual costs as
high as twenty billion dollars [2]. Many companies operate internal programs that attempt to mitigate the risk of
RSI to improve the health and well being of their employees. Existing corporate programs typically focus on
physical workstation set up and mechanisms that assist workers to take breaks at regular intervals. These
strategies can be successful but they require active participation from workers to be effective and they do not
examine one of the fundamental activities users perform while sitting at a computer, which is interacting with
computer software.
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Sour Weight Loss Corrosion Management: An Extensive Review of Present Field Experience
By M. BonisA wide review of field experience on Sour Weight Loss Ccorrosion (SWLC) is summarized in this paper, from 127 distinct
field cases documented either from in house experience or external sources covering oil and gas producing facilities, wells and
surface facilities. This gives access to a large practical background and to quantitative information which allows better
documenting corrosion rates, discriminating corrosion factors and lastly recommending consistent mitigation solutions.
It is shown that SWLC is frequently much lower than Sweet corrosion in comparable operating conditions except for the H2S
content. Unfortunately there are specific and still not easily predictable conditions which may lead to very severe localized
corrosion. Although quite rare, these cases are impressive as corrosion rates are currently above 10 mm/yr, even in apparently
mild conditions.
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Coupled Reactive Transport Models of Acid Gas Injection (AGI) in Siliciclastic and Carbonate Reservoirs: Understanding Fundamental Controls on Injection Performance and Storage Security
Authors Y. Xiao, W. Mazea, G. Teletzkea, J. Wilkinsona, T. Xub and K. PruessbOne of the commonly proposed methods for reducing CO2 and other acid gas emissions is to inject them in petroleum
reservoirs for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) or to store them in deep saline aquifers. Any successful acid gas injection (AGI)
project needs to meet three key objectives: 1) Safety, Health and Environment (SHE); 2) efficient sweep of pore space; and 3)
reliability of operations. A fundamental approach that couples process-based models with laboratory data and field
observations will allow us to better understand the key controls on AGI performance and storage security and therefore make
better design decisions from appraisal to development to monitoring.
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Evaluating Corrosion Inhibitors for Sour Gas Subsea Pipelines
Authors H. Sun, D. Blumer, M. Swidzinski and J. DavisUsing subsea carbon steel pipelines to transport wet sour gas possesses huge challenges to the operators to maintain the high
level of the Assets and Operating Integrity. In many cases, carbon steel is still the primary choice for the subsea pipeline
material.
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Probable Reserves and Prospects for Exploration and Development of Oil and Gas Deposits in the Russian Arctic Seas
Authors A. Piskarev and M. ShkatovThe last decade offshore oil and gas has become the main source of growth of the world's hydrocarbon reserves.
Special interest to the geological structure of the Russian Arctic Seas comes from very high hydrocarbon potential of their
sedimentary basins, which are expected to take a leading role in future world power supply.
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Design, Testing, Qualification and Application of Orifice Type Inflow Control Devices
More LessInflow control devices (ICD) are a relatively new type of completion component which are used in a wide range of wells.
The ICD introduces a small controlled pressure drop which is used to modify the inflow profile from the formation into the
completion. When combined with effective zonal isolation this modification of inflow has a number of benefits. It promotes
an even inflow and removes the tendency for a high flux at the heel of the well. It also reduces the flux from highly
permeable zones such as fractures. Both these benefits reduce the tendency for premature water or gas production and
increase the oil recovery.
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Drill Cuttings Injection and Monitoring for a Remote Pad Drilling Operation on an Environmentally Sensitive Site in Peru
Assurance of a successful and environmentally sound long-term cuttings injection program requires monitoring and
periodic analysis of injection performance response. Such a program provides for operational oversight and the ability
to identify changes in performance response or trends, thereby providing for modification of operating parameters to
optimize performance and minimize the negative impact of unexpected responses.
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An Integrated Approach to Environmental Data Management at Imperial Oil’s Cold Lake Operations
Authors U. Becker, P. Groch, K. Johnson, J. Haverhals and T. HarbarenkoImperial Oil’s Cold Lake Operations maintains a large collection of environmental data in support of its field activities. The
scope of environmental data collected is extensive -- for example it includes over 700 groundwater monitoring wells.
Analytical data derived from air, water and soil samples is supplemented with survey data, high resolution topographic data
and aerial and satellite imagery.
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Proactive Geosteering in Thin Reservoir Bounded by Anhydrite in Saudi Arabia
Authors A. Al-Hajari, A. Soremi, S.M. Ma, A. Julaih, T. Thompson, G. Saghiyyah, A. Lotfy, M. Bayrakdar, M. Bittar and R. ChemaliThin reservoirs of a few feet in thickness present a clear challenge to well placement. Drilling out of the target is a real
possibility, and plugging back and reentry can be extremely difficult. Clearly, the best solution is to avoid exiting the target
reservoir by detecting approaching boundaries as early as possible and by remaining at an optimal distance from the
boundaries. This practice is known as “proactive geosteering.” In recent developments, wave resistivity LWD and azimuthal
wave resistivity sensors have been shown to effectively facilitate proactive geosteering. Their abilities to scan laterally several
feet, up to more than 10 ft, around the wellbore and to identify the relative azimuth of approaching boundaries have been
instrumental in recent successes.
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Advanced Production Logging Review of a Number of Horizontal Wells in the North of Oman
Authors T.K. Chang, L. Mieles and P.J. TarabbiaPetroleum Development Oman (PDO) has some 30 active
fields in the North of Oman which produce from both
Carbonates and Clastics. About a third of all wells in the
North are horizontal and/or multilateral of various vintages
with a large variety of completion environments i.e.
barefoot, perforated cased hole, Elastomer Zonal Isolation
Packer (EZIP) completions and Electric Submersible
Pump (ESP) wells.
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Keeping Shale Formation Stability by Optimizing Drilling Fluids, in Yangta Oil Field, Western China
More LessIn this paper, the effects of drilling fluids on shale strength have been tackled, and a case study has been presented to
study the instability mechanism and the stability methodology in the shale formation. A program has been undertaken to
develop a better understanding of the effects of the using polymer drilling fluid on the shale mechanical properties and how
to modify its performance.
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Multi-Stage Stimulation Technique Boosts Production for Horizontal Wells in Kuwait
Authors S. Desai, N.H. Gazi, H. Al Ajmi, B. Al-Matar, H. Liu, A.H. Majid and B. JohnstonIn recent years, horizontal well technology has evolved as the more favorable option in the Middle East over the conventional
vertical and deviated wells. The advantages are (a) maximum reservoir contact, (b) higher production rate and (c) better
access to reserves.
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Data Integration, Analysis and Visualization for Knowledge Management in Oil and Gas Upstream Industry—An Emphasis on Using Advanced GIS Technologies
By P. KumarThe oil and gas upstream industries operate on its strength of its natural resources, its infrastructure, processing
facility and technology, human resources and the most important energy products market demands. If one of the
factors fluctuates, it affects the industry operations, planning and production. By nature everything is not gifted there
are strengths and weakness, resources without capital, knowledge without management, will to do but lack of
technology, strength in execution but with no quality no core know how, success with no sustainability, vision with no
decision making, and so on so forth. To be a successful venture it is important to make use of best available
resources and meet rest of shortcoming by best possible practical approaches. Every one could be a master in his
own domain expert but to be a master of all in a particular capital venture one need to understand all available data
collectively as teams and groups by analyzing, sharing experience, know how and knowledge.
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Choose the Right Gas Dehydration Method and Optimize Your Design
By R. SalamatGas dehydration is a very important and integral part of gas production in the upstream and downstream petroleum
industry and yet its criticality in term of safe gas operation and design costs are often underestimated or
misunderstood.
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Successful Implementation of a Gas Injection Trial in a Low-Permeability Carbonate Reservoir, Offshore Qatar
Authors K. Mogensen, S. Frank and R. NomanThis paper describes the planning and the successful implementation of a lean gas injection trial conducted in the lowpermeability
Kharaib B carbonate reservoir of the Al Shaheen field, offshore Qatar.
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Importance of Risk Tolerance Criteria in the Application of Quantitative Risk Assessment in Oil & Gas Industry
By D. VeeranaThe Chemical, Petrochemical and Oil& Gas industry has had an excellent safety record
when compared with industry as a whole1. Nevertheless few major incidents like MIC gas
leak in Bhopal, LPG plant explosion in Mexico etc. with heavy loss of life led to public
concern about the hazards of process industry, resulting in legislations requiring
manufactures to demonstrate that appropriate safety measures are taken. This led the
industry to resort to predictive Quantitative Risk Assessment Technique (QRA)
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Screening of EOR Processes for the Kharaib B Reservoir of the Giant Al Shaheen field, Offshore Qatar
Authors S. Frank, P. van Lingen, K. Mogensen and R. NomanThis paper describes the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) studies conducted for the low permeability Kharaib B carbonate reservoir of the Al Shaheen field, located offshore Qatar. The reservoir is characterised by large lateral variation in oil properties (Lindeloff et al., 2008), lateral uniformity in geological and petrophysical properties over large distances, a relatively thin oil column in a transition zone, and the presence of local gas caps. The Kharaib B reservoir is currently undergoing water-flooding, which is reaching maturity in parts of the field.
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Water Flooding Efficiency in a Low-Permeability Mixed-Wet to Oil-Wet Carbonate Reservoir; A Case Study from the Kharaib B Reservoir in the Al Shaheen Field, Offshore Qatar
Authors S. Frank, M.H. Pedersen, P. van Lingen and R. NomanThis paper describes the studies and measurements performed to assess the sweep efficiency and remaining oil saturation
after water flooding in the mixed-wet to oil-wet, low permeability Kharaib B carbonate reservoir, which is further
characterized by pronounced homogeneneity of the reservoir matrix and substantial lateral variation in fluid properties. The
Kharaib B reservoir is developed with extended reach horizontal wells and has been successfully water flooded since the field
development started in the mid-1990s.
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Exploration Petrophysics for Intra-Salt Carbonate in Ultra Saline Environment
Authors V. Saxena and T. McDonaldIntra-salt carbonate stringers are the Early Cambrian source rocks and reservoir in the South Oman salt basin. Reservoirs are
over-pressured and drilled with salt-saturated heavy barite mud. Formation water is ultra-saline (>300kppm), general
porosities are low (< 7%) and salt is often found filling part of the pore space. Each reservoir character creates a contrasting
scenario for resistivity evaluation.
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HT Deep Horizontal Gas Drilling in Challenging Conditions
Authors M. Nasrumminallah, M. Sharafi, A.R. Karimpour, S.A. Faisal, H. Obame and A. Al-YaqoubiReservoirs consisting of sandstone and conglomerates nature present the most challenging reservoirs in the
fields of North Oman. The target formations are often very deep with elevated static bottomhole temperatures
exceeding 157degC, and with severe potential risks associated with geo mechanical and drilling perspectives.
Tectonic stresses, where principal horizontal stress greatly exceeds vertical and minimum horizontal stresses, are
coupled with rock compressive strengths varying between 45,000 and 50,000 psi with medium abrasiveness.
These factors, together with borehole instability, borehole break-out phenomena, problems with conventional
steerable systems due to weight transfer using turbines as well as drill bit sticking, present particular challenges in
these wells and require significant up-front engineering resources to be deployed.
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Massive Hydraulic Fracture Stimulation in South Oman
Authors J. Irvine-Fortescue and O. ShoufiThis paper revisits the unique Athel reservoir formation in a south Oman oil field, and gives an update on the latest hydraulic
fracture treatment strategy used. To improve the understanding of fracture performance, various fracture diagnostic options
have been field tested and details will also be presented.
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How to Feed Gas Plants with Uncontaminated Effluents and How to Avoid Environmental Pollution During Testing/Cleaning Operations of Newly Drilled/Worked-Over Gas Wells
By A.M. AhmedGas plants are normally designed to receive/treat clean natural gas streams free of
residuals of high salinity water and solids (such as: black powder, cement particles, drilling
cuttings, etc.).
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Sensitivity Studies of Horizontal Wells with Hydraulic Fractures in Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors X. Zhang, C. Du, F. Deimbacher, M. Crick and A. HarikesavanallurProducing natural gas from shale gas reservoirs has gained momentum over the past few years in North America and will
become an increasingly important component of the world’s energy supply. A shale gas reservoir is characterized as an
organic-rich deposition with extremely low matrix permeability and clusters of mineral-filled “natural” fractures. Shale gas
storage capacity is defined by the adsorbed gas on the organic material within the shale matrix and free gas in the limited
pore space of the shale rocks. Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing are the primary enabling technologies to obtain
economical production from the shale gas reservoir.
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Depletion Effects on a Currently Active Fault and Existing Subsidence Bowl: Geomechanics Assessment—Giant Field Northern Oman
Authors L. Qobi, J. Ita, C. von Winterfeld, J. Shukaili and I. QusseimiThis paper discusses the Geomechanical interaction between vertically stacked reservoirs, two of which are currently
producing and deeper reservoirs that are being considered for development. The shallowest Natih reservoir is a highly
compacting carbonate gas reservoir under depletion whereas the intermediate Shuaiba reservoir is an oil-bearing reservoir
under water flood. The deeper reservoirs are oil and gas bearing located in the Sudair and Khuff formations.
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Commitment to Coax Subtleties from Seismic by means of an Intelligent Integrated Approach—A Case Study
Authors A.B. Ibrahim, J.R. Gaither, I. Abdullah, V.W.T. Kong, A. Carrillat, N.M. Hernandez and M.R.A. RahmanMuch information is contained in the seismic reflectivity signal. The discernment between signal
and noise, and the reduction of ambiguity of these signals is a major technical challenge.
Interpreting lithology solely on normal seismic reflection strength has been well recognized to
have pitfalls. This paper sets a case history of commitment by all parties involved to coax the
subtle relevant data out from the seismic signals by means of an intelligent integrated approach.
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Staged Design of an EOR Pilot
Authors B.L. Adibhatla and R.C. WattenbargerDue to the complexity and uncertainty associated with most enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes, a small-scale pilot is often
needed to demonstrate the successful application of an EOR process within a specific reservoir prior to wider commercial
implementation.
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Water Sustainability and the Petroleum Industry
Authors S. Adham and J. Minier-MatarWater is becoming an increasingly important issue in the world and particularly for the petroleum industry. The purpose of this
paper is to outline some of the challenges before the petroleum industry and their need to play a key role to ensure water
sustainability.
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Managing Drilling Vibrations Through BHA Design Optimization
Authors J.R. Bailey and S.M. RemmertSignificant performance improvement has been achieved by successfully managing drilling vibrations through bottomhole
assembly (BHA) redesign. This effort has resulted in increased footage per day and reduced tool damage. Prior literature has
described improvements in operating practices to manage vibrations(1,2) as a key component of this ROP (rate of penetration)
management process. In a parallel work activity, the redesign efforts have provided additional performance improvements of
approximately 36% in one drilling application. Dynamic modeling of the BHA has identified the key design changes leading
to these improvements. The redesigned BHA has lower calculated vibration indices than the standard BHA.
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ExxonMobil Production Company Gas Management System
Authors L.E. Pedrick, P.E. Symes and D. MillerThe paper will provide an overview of the system developed and adopted by ExxonMobil for managing the risks to
sustained gas delivery in our upstream operations. The paper will cover the guiding principles, the breadth of scope,
key elements and processes, and the interface coordination and workflows associated with the Gas Management
System (GMS). It will also discuss critical success factors for effective implementation and lessons learned.
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Water Injection Monitoring Techniques For Minagish Oolite Reservoir In West Kuwait
Authors O.P. Das, M. Aslam, R. Bahuguna, K. Al-Enezi, M. Al-Shatti and Y.T. Al-Rashidi TahaniWater flooding is the most successful and widely used
process for effective pressure maintenance and enhancing
the oil recovery because water is widely available and
inexpensive relative to other fluids, easy to inject, and
highly efficient in displacing oil. For water floods, through
continuous surveillance plan, reservoir monitoring and
water front tracking results in improving sweep efficiency
and enhancing the overall oil recovery.
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Innovative Mercaptan Scavangers: First Field Application
Authors C. Passucci, G. Grazioli and C. CarnianiMercaptans are naturally occurring components of sour crude oil and natural gas condensate. When present in appreciable
concentrations, they generate a very disagrenable smell witch can be a nuisance to operators and to surrounding communities.
Regulatory authorities aften require that mercaptan odors be controlled. A practical example of that has occurred to a gas
field located in southern Italy which was suffering nuisance odor problems originating from a gas well whose fluid contained
over 500 ppm total mercaptans.
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Planning, Acquisition and Processing of the first industrial 3D “Circular Shooting” Seismic Survey
Authors M. Buia, E. Tozzi and L. MapelliConventional offshore 3D acquisition is still being performed mainly with narrow azimuth streamer configurations, even in
structurally complex areas. Attempt at breaking this paradigm have been recently made by the industry through the successful
acquisition of some unconventional “Multi-Azimuth” (MAZ), “Wide-Azimith” (WAZ) and “Rich Azimuth” (RAZ) marine
surveys.
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Understanding of Mercury Corrosion Attack on Stainless Steel Material at Gas Well: Case Study
Authors A. Nengkoda, H. Reerink, Z. Hinai, I. Prasetyo and S. PurwonoThe corrosion resistance of stainless steel is dependent on a hard, tough, chromium oxide film that is selfrepairing
under oxidizing conditions. This oxide film is not self-repairing in reducing or neutral conditions. If the
film is disturbed, corrosion will result.
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Data Management Acceleration Project: A Case Study in Doing it Right!
Authors J.N. Perrone, M.A. Priest and F. AliThis paper provides details on the formulation and execution of the RasGas Company Limited (RasGas) Petroleum
Engineering Department’s “Data Management Acceleration Project”, also known as DMX.
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Deployment Strategies to Reduce Risk in the Acquisition of Formation Evaluation Data
By R. KuchinskiEffective reservoir management requires sound decision making that is based on formation evaluation data acquired
during all stages of the life of the well. Without this data, reservoir understanding is compromised, which can impact
long term well productivity. Given the increasing challenges of acquiring data in today's geometrically complex wells,
new methods of data acquisition are constantly being developed and refined. This has led to a new area of oilfield
innovation called conveyance. This paper is an analysis of the risks associated with the acquisition of formation
evaluation data.
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Integrated Approach to Imaging and Pore Pressure Prediction in the Nile Delta
Authors C. Andreoletti, N. Bienati, G. Capponi and N. BellucciThe Nile Delta area is well known for its geological and geophysical complexity due to:
1. the presence of gas clouds, chimneys, channels and growth faults in the Pliocene/Late Pliocene series;
2. the variability in terms of lithology, structure and thickness of the Messinian formations that cause a highly irregular and
laterally varying velocity structure;
3. the low SNR of seismic data in the pre-Messinian series caused by the above described irregularities combined with the
contamination of seismic data due to the presence of multiples.
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High Permeability Streaks Characterisations in Middle East Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors P. Emmanuelle, C. Maza, A. Virgone, F. Gisquet, C. Fraisse and C. Pabian-GoyhenecheOne of the main difficulties for modeling and producing carbonate rock oil reservoir in the Middle East is linked to the
fact that these reservoirs often display numerous and variable heterogeneities, ranging from plug micro-scale
heterogeneity (texture, pore types, cementation, ...) to field mega-scale heterogeneity (geometries and facies,
fracturation and faulting). Because these heterogeneities often result in significant variations in permeability and
saturation, and hence in productivity it is absolutely necessary to capture all of these scales of heterogeneities and
understand their origin. Various factors can be implied alone or combined between them: depositional environment,
sequence stratigraphy, early or late diagenetic overprint and fracturation scheme.
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Advances in Wireline Conveyed In-situ Reservoir Stress Testing Measurements: Case Studies From the Sultanate of Oman
Authors K. Cig, A.S. Al Mandhari, S.M. El Msallati and L. QobiIn-situ reservoir stress measurements are essential input to a wide variety of the production and injection applications of
reservoirs. Most of the reservoirs in this article require water injection to maximize recovery without breaking the matrices
unintentionally. In some cases, it is also important to create a controlled fracture growth in a formation unit without breaking
bordering barriers or zones. The main purpose of the in-situ reservoir stress testing of the case studies in this article is to
calculate the minimum stress to improve the reservoir management plans for well placement, production, injection and
fracturing processes.
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High Permeability Layers in Carbonates: Innovative 3D modeling Approach in Lower Cretaceous Reservoirs, Offshore Abu Dhabi
Authors P. Ruelland and H. Bu HindiHigh Permeability layers are a common feature of most carbonate series, and contribute to heterogeneous
sweeps and early breakthroughs when injecting gas or water in an oil reservoir.
The innovative workflow proposed to model the high permeability layers, on the basis of strong constraints from
geological data and concepts, enables to be more predictive on the dynamic behaviour of the reservoir. It also
enables a better selection of the most adapted recovery mechanism and a better strategy for optimizing the
positioning of future perforations.
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Pressure-Pressure Deconvolution Analysis of Multiwell Interference and Interval Pressure Transient Tests
Authors M. Onur, C. Ayan and F.J. KuchukFollowing the introduction of pressure-rate (p-r) deconvolution techniques in 1960s, they have been investigated continually
during the last two decades. Now most p-r deconvolution techniques are stable and have been used increasingly for analysis
of pressure transient tests. A successful p-r deconvolution can transform a multirate pressure transient response to an
equivalent constant-rate drawdown response for the entire test duration. It can help identify/confirm interpreted reservoir
models and eliminates multirate superposition effects. However, the flow rate is usually not directly and continuously
measured in conventional pressure-transient well tests, although it is measured reasonably accurately during interval pressure
transient tests (IPTT) conducted by wireline formation testers (WFTs). Nevertheless, large uncertainties or errors associated
with inaccurate rate data usually hinder the successful use of p-r deconvolution methods.
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Application of Horizontal Wells with Multiple Hydraulic Fractures for the Development of Low Permeability Oil Reservoir in Western Siberia
Authors E. Sayapov, I.R. Diyashev and A.V. BrovchukLow permeability reservoirs attract increased attention from most oil companies due to increased demand and limited
reserves in the conventional reservoirs. Most scientists and leaders of the petroleum business agree that worldwide
production decline from conventional hydrocarbons will have to be compensated by the development of low permeability oil
and gas reserves to satisfy growing demand.
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Pearl GTL Offshore Materials, Corrosion, Chemicals and Integrity - Challenges and Solutions
Authors S. McFarland, R. Unsal and H. PitPEARL GTL (Gas To Liquids) is a fully integrated project that will take 1.6 billion cubic feet per day of unprocessed
gas from Qatar's North field into onshore gas processing plants at Ras Laffan, producing 140,000 barrels per day of
GTL products and 120,000 barrels per day of natural gas liquids.
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Surface Development Aspects of Alkali-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) Flooding
More LessThis paper highlights the differences between an Alkali-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) Flood project and traditional Exploration
and Production (E+P) developments from an Engineering and Operations perspective. It lists the common problems
encountered, drawing on published and unpublished sources, and describes their root causes. It proposes strategies for
avoiding the problems in future ASP flood applications.
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A Proven Approach to Mitigating Drilling Vibration Problems in Offshore Western Australia
Authors A.D. Craig, C.M. Hanley, B. McFarland, D. Shearer and P. KingNOV Downhole has developed a new approach to systematically model the potential for vibration in a given drilling
application using computational and analytical methods. This approach utilizes a custom set of software tools to evaluate the
drillstring natural frequencies.
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