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Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2020
- Conference date: September 14-18, 2020
- Location: Perm, Russia
- Published: 14 September 2020
1 - 20 of 136 results
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Identification of Sources of Oil Pollution of the Reservoir Water Area Using Thermoresistive Methods
Authors N.G. Maksimovich and O.Y. MeshcheriakovaSummaryOil pollution of surface waters in the karst area was studied on the example of the Kama reservoir (Perm Region, Russia). The aim of this work was to identify areas of subaquatic discharge of groundwater contaminated with oil products and to identify the mechanism of pollution of the reservoir. A complex of hydrochemical and thermoresistivimetric studies was carried out and as a results abnormal zones and not a typical pattern of groundwater movement in the area were revealed. The complex of these methods makes it possible to assess the pollution of the water area associated with subaqueous discharging groundwater, outline the places of concentrated discharge, and optimize the hydrochemical testing network. At low financial costs and ease of implementation, the method is highly reliable of the results obtained, it allows us to understand the mechanism of oil pollution of the reservoir and to develop the optimal complex of protective structures. This method can be used to outline the discharge zones, which contain a wide variety of pollutants, the identification of which by geochemical methods at great depths and in large areas is not an easy task.
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Negative Induced Polarization and its Possible Origin
Authors V. Shevnin and A. BobachevSummaryNegative IP anomalies sometimes can be found during field survey. In publications their origin explain by the influence of contrast horizontal layering of type K and Q or by the influence of lateral resistivity contrast that influence on IP anomalies according to J.R. Wait. One other hypothesis of negative IP anomalies origin exists as intrinsic property of pure clay with definite humidity and in case of rather high current density of polarizable current (Brandes 2003, 2005). The authors found IP anomaly at student field practice in Kaluga region and studied its space position, lithological characteristic and relation with close laying layer of highly resistive sand. Though negative IP anomaly was found in clay layer its more probable origin resulted from closely situated highly resistive sand layer.
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Electrical Resistivity Tomography of the Frozen Embankment Dam
Authors V.V. Olenchenko and P.S. OsipovaSummarySoil thawing occurred during the operation of the frozen embankment dam. This led to the formation of leaks through the dam body and at the foundation along the fault in bedrocks. The main goal of the research was to identify leak locations for planning wells of the groundwater cut-off. Electrical resistivity tomography was carried out over parallel survey lines, 3-D inversion was performed, and electrical resistivity maps at depths of 4, 10, and 20 m were made. Anomalies of low electrical resistivity showed the line of water filtration in the body of the dam body and foundation. The 3-D model provide insight into thawing from the upper pool and filtering along the fault.
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Electrointroscopy of Interwell Space in Special Cement Works in Tectonic and Technogenic Disturbed Carbon Deposits of Eastern Donbass
Authors N.Y. Fomenko, V.V. Moldakov, A.N. Grossu and L.N. FomenkoSummaryPhysical modeling of layered medium electrointroscopy with inclusion of thin electrically conductive layer was performed. Pilot production studies were conducted in special cement wells drilled to create waterproofing curtains between flooded and operating mines in East Donbass. Field observations were accompanied with geological and technical data gathering and additional well research performing by well logging methods and spatial electrical filtration. Analysis of graphs and electro-tomography charts reflected of electrical field deformation were implemented for electrointroscopy of coalceous rocks formations by tomography grid.The outcome was an estimation degree of technogenetic and tectonic disturbance and watering of coalceous rocks formations in interwell space.
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Examples of Application of GPR for Ensuring Safety of Infrastructure Objects at the Area of the Russian Antarctic Station Progress (East Antarctica)
Authors S.D. Grigoreva, E.R. Kiniabaeva, M.R. Kuznetsova, S.V. Popov and M.P KashkevichSummaryDuring the last years, GPR method is being widely used for ensuring safety of logistic operations in Antarctica. In this paper we present some results of GPR investigations carried out at the area of the Progress station (East Antarctica) during the field season of 2019/2020. A significant source of danger when performing work on any glaciers is crevasses that are formed due to uneven nonuniform ice flow velocity and often reach width up to tens of meters. We show results of GPR survey performed at the snow runway of the Progress station where a wide network of crevasses was detected. In contract to crevasses, which are a common feature of all glaciers, the second example is rather a specific feature of the Progress station. Here numerous freshwater lakes are presented, some of which are characterized with regular outburst . Both destructive force of the waterstream and hidden channels within snow-ice dams can be dangerous for nearby infrastructure objects. GPR survey allows us to obtain data about state of the snow-ice dams of outburst lakes, get information about the geometry of subglacial waterflow channels and possibly forecast future outbursts.
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Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Induced Polarization for Alluvial Gold Placer Prospecting
Authors P.S. Osipova and V.V. OlenchenkoSummaryAlluvial gold deposits are associated with alluvium. We found that the channel facies of alluvium has an increased electrical resistivity as compared with the host rocks. This makes it possible to use the method of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) for the prospecting for alluvial gold placers. The paper presents the results of geophysical studies by the method of ERT with measurement of induced polarization in the Baikal region. ERT was performed using a system of parallel profiles, 3-D inversion was performed, and resistivity and polarization maps were constructed. Perspective local dives in the bedrocks (pockets) are highlighted on the loose rocks thickness map. Linear anomalies of increased polarization associated with the alleged bedrock sources of gold have been discovered.
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Increased Sensitivity of Electrical Prospecting
Authors A. Zlobinskiy and V. MogilatovSummaryUsually, when conducting electrical prospecting, the electromagnetic field in the medium is excited in such a way that large area structures are well identified, therefore profile sections prevail in the results of the work. In contrast, any three-dimensional objects are identified with great difficulty. The greatest problems to be detected by electrical prospecting methods are caused by objects located at great depths, small in area or low contrast in resistivity. These objects can be - ore objects, kimberlite pipes and other objects that do not extend over long distances in all directions. To increase the sensitivity of electrical prospecting, a method was created that is little affected by the parameters of the base medium. This method very well reveals violations of horizontally layered structures. The technology has been called the vertical electric current sounding method (VECS). VECS allows you to identify objects that are not detected by other methods of electrical prospecting - low-contrast, small in area, located at great depths.
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Results of Complex Geophysical Works on the Regional Profile through the Ugra River
Authors S.V. Zaitsev, V.A. Kulikov, E.D. Aleksanova, M.Y. Maslo, A.V. Solovyova and N.L. ShustovSummaryIn 2019, comprehensive geophysical work was completed on the regional 22 km profile across the Ugra river. The work was carried out for several years by a group of employees and postgraduate students of the Department of Geophysics of the Geological faculty of Lomonosov Moscow state University during educational and optional geophysical practices [Kulikov et al., 2016]. The geophysical complex included works using audio-magnetotellurics sounding (AMTS), time domain electromagnetic (TDEM), and vertical electric sounding with measurement of induced polarization (VES-IP). Based on the results of a complex interpretation of electrical data, a deep resistivity model was constructed. The most interesting result is the allocation in the Central part of the profile multi-tiered system of paleovalleys with different ages ‒ Visean, Neogene, Quaternary.
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Using Geophysical Methods to Separate the Types of Secondary Rock Alterations in the Exploration of LS-Epithermal Gold Deposits
Authors E. Ermolin and V. MelnikovSummaryThe results of integrated geophysical methods application in the LS-epithermal gold deposit are presented. The work was performed in the period from 2013–2019 in Chukotka. The applied methods include gravimetric surveying, magnetic surveying, audiomagnetotelluric sounding (AMT), resistivity and induced polarization method in the frequency domain (VES-VP). The results are compared with the geology and the section of the distribution of secondary rocks alterations. Zones of increased polarizability are proposed to be used as a geophysical criterion for the presence of LS-epithermal gold-bearing veins. A technology for separating the types of secondary rocks alterations according to geophysical data is proposed.
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The Choice of a Rational Complex of Geological and Geophysical Work in the Design of Land Remediation Measures for the Landfill of Solid Household Waste (MSW)
Authors I.V. Zuykov and V.V. BedinovSummaryThe report discusses the choice of a rational complex of geological and geophysical work in solving an important environmental problem - the design of land reclamation landfill solid waste. The task boils down to determining the thickness of the waste layer, which is buried in the old sand pit. Due to the existence of natural obstacles for the application of certain geophysical methods (the presence of metal wastes), it was necessary to select a set of methods for which this interference would not be a problem. As a result, to solve the problem, methods of passive seismic exploration (Resonance-Acoustic profiling), static sounding and resistance method (Vertical Electric Sounding) were chosen. The report also briefly reviews the theory of the Resonance-Acoustic Profiling method as applied to the problem being solved. As a result of work on a specific object, it became clear that the selected set of methods successfully solves the problem and can be recommended by the authors for use. The report also presents graphical applications confirming the result.
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Some Aspects of Localization of Pyrite Mineralization Within the Subarctic Region
Authors V.A. Dushin, V.S. Kozmin, D.I. Prokopchuk, A.K. Trutnev and E.A. ZhuklinSummaryConsidered theoretical and practical aspects of disposal of pyrite mineralization within Ural North. Disclosed leading geodynamic processes responsible for the formation of massive sulfide mineralization which are convergent and divergent conditions producing undifferentiated and differentiated (contrasting and continuous) volcanic formation. Compact in tabular form practiced ranking ore objects, the characteristic of near ore metasomatic rocks, ores on the main (Cu, Zn, Pb) elements including noble (Au, Ag, Pt, Pd) metals. Developed regional (structural-tectonic, formational) and local (structural and morphological facial, petrophysical, petro-geochemical) paleovolcanic criteria for a positive predictive assessment pyrite family, within which four ore-formational type isolated (Cyprus, the Urals, orealtay, Filizchay) established their spatial position and age. The presence of two metallogenic epochs of massive sulfide formed on North Urals in relation to the total of the geodynamic evolution of the territory of several different from the Middle and South Urals
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Estimation of the Physical Properties of Quaternary Soils by Near-Surface seismic Data in the Central Part of the East European Plain
Authors V.V. Romanov, K.S. Sergeev and V.I. RyzhkovSummaryQuaternary clay soils are opened everywhere by boreholes and pits in the Russian Federation [ 10 ]. Covering loams of the Upper Neopleistocene, as well as glacial (moraine) loams, sandy loam and clay of horizons of the Middle and Lower Neopleistocene are widespread in the central part of the East European Plain [ 8 , 9 ]. Often, these soils are the basis for buildings and structures, so finding their physical properties is an important task for engineering and geological surveys. Among the physical properties of soils determined by seismic exploration, the density, water-physical, and mechanical properties, discussed below, are distinguished.
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The Investigation of Shallow Structure Inhomogeneities by 2D End 3D Seismic Engenering Techniques
Authors V.Y. Bobrov and I.Y. GerasimovaSummaryIntensive anthropogenic impact on the subsoil during the development of water-soluble deposits increases the probability of the shallow structure rock-mass weakening and failure. The article presents the results of 2D and 3D seismic surveys performed in the undermining areas of the Upper Kama salt deposit territory in the furtherance of the problems of ensuring the safety of the water-proof stratum and monitoring the condition of the upper section rocks.
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The Relationship of Seismicity with Tectonic Processes According to the Analysis of Large earthquakes That Occurred on the Territory of Iran in the XX and XXI Centuries
More LessSummaryThe study of the relationship of seismicity with tectonic processes includes an analysis of the phenomena that precede or accompany earthquakes. At present, the direction “earthquake geology” is actively developing. The scientific and applied aspect of this direction is the study of tectonic movements that may occur in the future during such a period of time for which they are important for society. A significant amount of information on tectonic movements is provided by the focal mechanisms of seismic events that have already occurred, as well as the interpretation of the forms of the earth's surface. In his work, the author used seismic catalogs: NEIC (The National Earthquake Information Center) of the United States Geological Survey (The United States Geological Survey) and IRIS. Seismic events with M> 6 are involved in the analysis.A model of tectonic processes based on a detailed analysis of focal mechanisms of foci is proposed.
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Seismic Tomography for Monitoring Stress State of Pillars in Underground Mines
Authors I.A. Startcev and I.E. SemenovaSummaryThe paper presents a methodology and results of seismic tomographic studies for instrumental monitoring of the rock mass state between the approaching mining fronts at the Oleniy Ruchey underground mine. Velocity and difference models of the studied area are shown, which allow tracking the formation and migration of low-and high-velocity zones as mining operations progress. The stress-strain state for each measurement stage is analysed by comparing the average values of longitudinal wave velocities for the rocks composing the rock massif with the obtained values. The dynamics of the pillar’s stress-strain state is characterized by difference models. Being combined with other in-situ and numerical methods, the results of seismic tomographic studies allow planning the necessary preventive measures and contribute to improving the safety of mining operations.
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Assessment of Direct Current Technogenic Effect on the Properties of Dispersed Soils
Authors S.B. Burlutskiy, S.N. Khomutinnikov, A.Y. Tatarskiy and M.A. LazdovskayaSummaryCurrently, a large number of underground metal structures are being built and operated in our country and worldwide. According to the current technical documentation, these facilities are subject to corrosion protection. The process of electrochemical corrosion of underground metal structures is suppressed by insulating coatings and cathodic polarization created by means of electrochemical corrosion protection. Long-term operation of underground structures leads to aging and destruction of protective coatings. As a result, the suppression of electrochemical corrosion requires an increase in the electric current of the cathodic protection. Previous studies have shown that there is a significant increase in the pH of the soil electrolyte and a decrease in the electrical resistivity of soils as a result of cathodic polarization of underground metal structures located in clay soils, which significantly increases their corrosive activity. In addition, cathodic polarization contributes to a change in the physicomechanical properties of dispersed soils composing the space around protected structures. The purpose of this research is assessment of cathodic polarization effect on the change in the properties of clay soils composing a space near underground cathodically protected engineering structures.
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A Quantum-Mechanical Approach to Calculate Shallow Seismic Time Sections
Authors M.V. Tarantin and N.A. GolyarchukSummaryFirst created for oil seismic approach to time sections creation was applied to shallow seismic wave data. Given examples show good quality of wave sections in comparison with thorough wave data processing and some quality improvement advices are given. Considered approach could be used at the stage of field data acquisition if some control is needed as it doesn’t need a priori information.
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Identification of Natural and Technogenic Denstered Zones in the Processed Thickness by Gravimetric Data
Authors S.G. Bychkov, A.V. Michurin, A.A. Simanov and V.V. KhokhlovaSummaryThe importance of gravity exploration for the study and forecasting of negative engineering and geological phenomena in order to improve the safety of mining during the operation of salt deposits is shown. It has been established that all the failures of the earth's surface are confined to the local negative gravity anomalies that characterize the natural unconsolidated zones. The results of gravimetric monitoring of changes in the density state of rocks are presented. A joint interpretation of local gravity anomalies and dynamic anomalies allows us to build reliable three-dimensional models of the water-proof stratum, which includes a change in density over time, thereby determining the genesis of decompression zones and classifying the anomalies according to their degree of danger for mining operations.
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The Experience of Mapping Technogenic Oil Pollution by Geophysical Methods
Authors A.V. Muslimov and V.L. LuhmanovSummaryIn recent years, geophysical methods have been increasingly involved in solving environmental problems, one of which is mapping of areas of technogenic pollution by hydrocarbons. Given the huge size of the country, the focus of the economy on the production, transportation and processing of hydrocarbons, significant territories were subjected to technogenic hydrocarbon pollution. In this paper, we consider an example of mapping of non-standard technogenic hydrocarbon pollution - oil pollution of the territory of one of the metallurgical plants in the region of the technological waste accumulator. The non-standard work is that, mainly, geophysical studies are used to map oil spills in pipelines and the results of its processing (gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, etc.) in the areas of oil refineries and their storage facilities. Accordingly, publicly available publications are mainly devoted to mapping this type of pollution. At this site, it was required to filter out hydrocarbon processing products in the form of industrial oil with partial inclusions of metal chips and dust.
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Gravity Exploration for K-Mg Salts in Kaliningrad Region
Authors E. Ermolin, A. Brisyuk, A. Pakhunov and V. RomanovSummaryK-Mg salts are an effective fertilizer. Their production in the Kaliningrad region is currently cost-effective from a depth of more than 1000 meters. The high cost of prospecting and exploration drilling makes it necessary to use geophysical methods. The effectiveness of gravity survey is determined by the large difference in the density of salts in relation to the host medium rocks. In addition to this, gravity survey is highly productive, all-weather and does not any impact for the environment and farmland. The paper presents the results of ground gravity survey application for the K-Mg salts exploration in the Kaliningrad region. According to the gravity survey, the researchers determined a criterion for increasing the thickness of layers rich in K-Mg salts. The license area was divided into blocks with different perspectives. The borehole, predicted by gravity exploration, crossed a thick layer that is rich in K-Mg salts.
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