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Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2020
- Conference date: September 14-18, 2020
- Location: Perm, Russia
- Published: 14 September 2020
41 - 60 of 136 results
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Detailed Seismological Monitoring Technology Based on Observations in the Krasnoslobodsky Fault Zone of the Starobinsk Potash Deposit
Authors D.Y. Shulakov, F.G. Verkholantsev and A.S. ZverevaSummaryThe software and hardware complex was selected on the basis of long-term monitoring observations. It allows to provide high-resolution seismological monitoring in adverse conditions. The use of low-power recording equipment makes it possible to choose the location of seismic stations at the maximum possible distance from man-made noise sources without connection to ground-based infrastructure. A two-stage analysis of the obtained seismograms makes it possible to detect the target seismic signals with minimal effort and determine the parameters of their sources even in the presence of a small number of seismic stations (starting from 3-4 units). The implemented approach made it possible to distinguish with certainty seismic events starting from magnitude ML = -0.5 occurring at a depth of 400 m to 1 km under conditions of a high level of background industrial noise.
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Practical Aspects of Applying Approximation of Geopotential Fields by Source Functions
By A.S. DolgalSummaryThe possibilities of practical application of the approximation of discretely specified values of geopotential fields by source-like functions that, from a physical point of view, correspond to the anomalous effects of equivalent sources are considered. For this purpose, iterative methods for solving systems of linear algebraic equations are used, which make it possible to determine the masses (or magnetic moments) of the elements of the approximation structure. The source-like approximation is used in the complex analysis of gravitational and magnetic fields and their tomographic interpretation; to assess the influence of the sphericity of the Earth on the results of the interpretation of gravity anomalies and the allocation of the positive and negative components of the gravitational field; for constructing an analytical model of corrections for the influence of the terrain in gravity exploration and for the joint transformation of data of aeromagnetic surveys of different scales. The presented approach is effective in solving a wide range of geological problems, especially in the conditions of a mountainous terrain, typical for most ore regions.
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About Geophysical Testing of Potash Salts at the VKMKS
Authors A.N. Nekrasov and O.V. KorotchenkovaSummaryThe possibility of evaluating the concentrations of potassium salts and harmful impurities based on measurements by geophysical instruments used in oil wells is shown.
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Forecasting of New Ore Areas Based on Geophysical Data
Authors P.S. Babayants and A.A. TrusovSummaryThe possibility of regional forecasting of new ore regions using freely available gravimetric and magnetic data is discussed. Summary matrices of gravitational and magnetic anomalies with a cell size of 2 * 2 km are used. Is Shown that with this grid, using of analytical methods is not effective, and probabilistic and statistical analysis technologies will be more effectively. The possibilities of effective solution of the problem based on the analysis of anomalous fields and their transformations using statistical methods, including lineament and cluster analysis, as well as formal prediction of mineralization using image recognition algorithms with training on reference objects are shown. As standards, both deposits and ore occurrences within the work contour and external significant objects are used.
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Mine Seismic Studies of Lithological Heterogeneities
Authors T.V. Baibakova, A.G. Yaroslavtsev and S.A. MironovSummaryA technique for predicting the substitution zones contour according to the mine seismic-acoustic studies results made from preparatory workings is presented. The method of seismic transmission in the horizontal direction by reflected waves is used. The substitution zones manifestation features in the attributes of seismic recording are described. The confidence interval estimate is obtained in determining the geological boundaries of such lithological heterogeneities.
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On the Possibilities of CMPCC Analysis of Surface Waves to Detect Lateral Heterogeneity and Zones of Subvertical Fracture in Soils
Authors V.P. Lisin, I.A. Sanfirov, A.V. Chugaev and A.I. BabkinSummaryExamples of the practical use of the cross-correlation analysis of surface waves at a common midpoint (CMPCC) are considered. To calculate the attenuation parameter of the energy of surface waves, we use the averaged ratios of the spectra of seismic traces recorded in pairs of receiving points equidistant from the midpoint (CMP). As the initial data, the records obtained during shallow and engineering seismic exploration by reflected waves with multiple overlapping (CDP) are used. At the example of the Upper-Kama potash salt deposit, methods for a joint interpretation of the CMPCC analysis with the results of shallow on-land seismic exploration and non-longitudinal vertical seismic-acoustic profiling (VSP) in geotechnical wells are being considered to identify sharp lateral inhomogeneities and zones of subvertical fracture of the rock mass in potentially dangerous sections of subsidence of the earth's surface and suprasalt strata collapses within the worked out mine fields
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Experience in Applying the Natural Field Method in Salt Mines
Authors Y.I. Stepanov and E.S. BushuevaSummaryWithin the framework of these studies, the following were carried out: assessment of the technogenic impact on the results of observations by the EP method in active mine workings; comparative analysis of receiving non-polarizing electrodes used on the object with serial electrodes; the possibility of using a coaxial cable in the receiving line; the hypothesis of the nature of the natural field, which is due to the specifics and interrelation of tectonic and epigenetic processes manifested in the supra-salt and salt strata of the Verkhnekamsk potassium salt Deposit.
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Clarification of the Contours of a Potentially Ore-Bearing Intrusive Based on the Results of Ground-Based Geophysical Work in the Norilsk Region
More LessSummaryIn the field seasons of 2015-2016, a complex of ground-based geophysical works was performed on one of the squares near Norilsk, including 1:25,000 scale gravity exploration over a network of 250x100 meters, magnetic exploration with continuous field registration with a measurement cycle of 2 seconds (an inter-route distance of 250 meters), and electric exploration using the VP method in the modification of the median gradient. The main goal of the research was to clarify the contour of the potentially ore-bearing Intrusive gabbro-dolerite composition and to identify local areas with the maximum development of sulfide mineralization.
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Emprical Mode Decomposition of Results of Profile Measurements of Electric Fields
More LessSummaryThe paper presents the results of computational experiments on the decomposition of electrometric observation data on empirical modes using the RIMF program. This modification of the Empirical Mode Decomposition method (EMD) is geophysical data processing oriented. Of hers distinctive feature is the use of harmonic (potential) functions when constructing signal envelopes instead of cubic splines traditionally used for this purpose. EMD is a highly adaptive method for analyzing nonlinear and non-stationary signals. It can be used to highlight the information component in the results of electrical profiling. To clarify the effectiveness of using EMD in monitoring observations, calculations were performed for two stages of measurements: spring and autumn.
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The Results of Experimental and Methodological Work on the Identification and Mapping of Tectonic Disturbances in Uranium Deposits of the Paleo-Valley Type by Methods of Emanation Survey and RAP
Authors V.V. Bedinov, D.A. Prokhorov and A.V. StarodubovSummaryThe article discusses the results of experimental - methodological work to improve the complex of geophysical methods performed by FSBI VIMS specialists. The objective of the work was the identification and mapping of zones of tectonic disturbances within the areas of the uranium mineralization being mined in the Republic of Buryatia. Knowing the exact spatial position of the zones of tectonic disturbances is important not only for solving search problems, but also for the technology of mining the field. Usually, searches for zones of tectonic disturbances were carried out using radiometric methods (emanation survey). The use of the passive seismic survey method in the RAP modification to the complex of radiometric methods made it possible to significantly increase the accuracy and information content of the problem solution. This is confirmed by the accompanying graphic applications. The obtained results allow us to recommend the described complex for solving similar geological problems.
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Analysis of Acoustic Impact on the Formation by the Method of Filtration Pressure Waves
Authors E.A. Marfin, A.G. Gavrilov and M.N. OvchinnikovSummaryAcoustic impact on the reservoir is a promising and environmentally friendly method of enhanced oil recovery. The positive effect of this effect is to increase the permeability of the reservoir and lowering the viscosity of the oil. The paper considers the method of filtration pressure waves to assess the effectiveness of acoustic impact. Numerical modeling showed that in the self-listening mode the effect of elastic waves will indicate an increase in the amplitude of pressure fluctuations. In the hydraulic listening mode, an indicator of the effectiveness of acoustic exposure is an increase in amplitude and a change in phase shift in the filtering pressure wave.
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The Experience of Using Shallow Geophysics in the Study of the Geology of the Floodplain of the Dnieper River in the Gnezdovsky Archaeological Complex
Authors K.S. Sergeev, A.V. Belousov, V.V. Romanov, A.D. Gorin and V.V. NovikovSummaryThe article presents the results of geophysical surveys in the floodplain of the Dnieper River of the Gnezdovsky Archaeological Complex. Investigations were carried out by methods of electrotomography and seismic exploration. Geophysical research was carried out in conjunction with archaeological excavations and geological surveys, which allowed to confirm the effectiveness of archaeological geophysics.
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The Experience of Using Archaeological Geophysics in the Study of the Burial Complex of the 9th-10th Centuries on the Territory of the Central Settlement of the Gnezdovsky Archaeological Complex
Authors K.S. Sergeev, A.V. Belousov, A.D. Gorin, A.V. Turenina and V.V. NovikovSummaryThe report is devoted to the study of archaeological sites with a complex of geophysical methods. The main task is to search and map the destroyed burial mounds and soil burial grounds.
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Efficiency of VES with Multi-Frequency Measurements of Induced Polarization for Studying Deposits of Sand and Gravel Mixtures
Authors S.A. Anoshina and V.A. KulikovSummarySand-gravel mixtures (SGM) relate to multipurpose components using in many different industries. Traditionally different modifications of the resistivity method are applied for searching and exploration SGM deposits because it allows determining high-resistivity sand-gravel bodies against the background of more conductive enclosed rocks. For several years, authors carried out works as vertical electric soundings (VES) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) methods with measuring of induced polarization (IP) at various deposits of sand and gravel. Laboratory tests and measurement in-situ also were conducted. Authors suggest that one of the main cause of chargeability anomalies are electronically - conducting minerals present in the gravel of magmatic origin. Since the identification of areas with a high content of gravel and pebbles within the sand-gravel deposit is an important task for geophysics, we circumstantially study the IP field in sand gravel deposits and assess the efficiency of VES-IP complex for exploration of sand gravel deposits.
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Shallow Paleo-Seismogenic Faulting Investigations Using Ground-Penetrating Radar (Example from the Kurai Fault Zone)
Authors S.S. Bricheva, E.V. Deev, I.O. Dubrovin, M.M. Doroshenkov, A.V. Panin, I.V. Turova and A.L. EntinSummaryGeophysical methods in paleoseismology enable scientists to quickly determine shallow stratigraphy; to identify displaced, oblique layers within the fault zone; to visualize faults to a great depth and to locate trenching sites. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data are routinely used for such investigations. Resulting interpretation is based on subjective analyses of different and complex reflection patterns. The objective set of signs that characterize the faults on GPR profiles still does not exist. In this study we carried out GPR measurements to detect major discontinuities at several sites in Kurai fault zone - one of the most potentially earthquake-prone areas in the Altai Mountains. We used “Python-3” GPR system with 38, 50 and 100 MHz antenna units. The reflections and specific wave patterns detected on processed GPR profiles were interpreted using trenching data. Then we used the open-source modeling tool gprMax to calculate synthetic GPR data for a sequence of numerical fault models, based on trenching information. We find out which signs of fault in sediments we could detect on GPR data, and what is beyond its capabilities.
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Experience in a Complex Study of Small Lakes in the City to Assess their Environmental Status and Anthropogenic Pollution
Authors А.Е. Rybalko, V.A. Shcherbakov, V.V. Polovkov, N.Y. Bobrov, P.Y. Belyaev, А.Y. Alekseev and I.V. FedorovaSummaryThe results of a comprehensive geological and geophysical study of the Suzdal Lakes of St. Petersburg in 2019 are discussed. The objectives of this work were the preparation of the landscape basis for the subsequent assessment of the ecological state of these reservoirs and the development of a methodology for the comprehensive study of small lakes by geophysical methods. The following methods were used: sonar, acoustic profiling, side-scan location, georadar (GPR), electrical resistivity tomography and geological sampling. GPR and side-scan location proved to be the most effective for assessment section of loose deposits and distribution of the surface sediments and identification of technogenic objects. Maps the lakes bottom relief, lithological maps, maps of the location of technogenic objects on the lake bottom were prepared. Proposals are made for the most efficient integration of geophysical methods for creating landscape maps as the basis for environmental research.
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Statistical Differentiation of Technogenic Magnetic Anomalies
More LessSummaryThe statistical transformation methods of the magnetic field to determine the sources morphology of magnetic anomalies are considered. Examples of the differentiation of target anomalies and anomalies associated with “magnetic debris” are given.
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Study of Structural Features of Landslide Arrays Based on the Correlations of Seismic Characteristics of Clay Soils with Their Humidity
Authors A.M. Yusha, S.B. Burlutskiy, A.A. Abramovich, V.V. Glazunov and M.A. LazdovskayaSummaryThe design, construction and operation of various engineering structures in the conditions of development of dangerous geological processes requires a detailed study of the site. One of these dangerous geological processes is landslides. When studying landslide arrays, the most priority task is to study its structural features. According to existing concepts, landslide arrays composed of clay soils are characterized by a sufficiently difficult heterogeneous structure. As a result of stretching and compressive stresses, numerous breakings are observed in them in the form of landslide cracks, weakened zones are formed, which largely determine the stability of the slope. Clay soils that make up the weakened zones in the body of the landslide, including the sliding zone, are disintegrated, and there is a weakening of structural links and an increasing in humidity. The analysis of correlations between the propagation of longitudinal and transverse waves in clay soils, depending on their humidity, obtained in the laboratory, together with the materials of 1D and 2D engineering seismic survey and electrotomography materials, provided the selection in the section of the landslide slope of the border of soils with humidity coinciding to the maximum molecular moisture capacity, as well as soils with a destroyed structure, which allows determining the spatial location of the slide zone of the landslide.
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Features of the Formation of Stress Fields of Landslides of Various Structural Types Based on Materials of Computer Simulation and Geotomography
Authors V.S. Taninkova, S.B. Burlutskiy and V.V. GlazunovSummaryLandslides are one of the most hazardous geological processes. Construction in the area of their location is a serious problem. Landslides require comprehensive research of the structure and properties of soils, which are needed to determine the stability of the slope. Due to the complexity of drilling on steep landslide slopes, engineering geological investigations are carried out on a system that does not allow exploring the heterogeneous landslide structure with the necessary detail. To obtain information on the internal structure of a landslide slope, it is essential to use modern geophysical research methods. The paper considers the features of the stress-strain state of landslide massifs of two structural types. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the data of computer modelling of stress-strain state and geotomographic studies of landslide slopes.
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Method for Measuring Small Signals in ERT Tools
Authors G.L. Panin and E.V. BalkovSummaryThe method proposed in the article implements a synchronous detector for ERT thomography with operating frequency of 4.88 Hz using an almost unchanged recorder module of the small-sized experimental device Siber-32. The detector algorithm is implemented according to the FFT with compensate capacitive influence of the tool internal circuit and external electrodes wires. To increase the information content and add the possibility of “visual” processing, recording mode include a full wave of current and voltage data is implemented for each measurement of 1024x24 bit words. This method is suitable when it is impossible to obtain small signals at large spacings, or in dipole sequence. The synchronous detector is slower but it can complement the fast way to obtain useful information about the geoelectric section. Due to the low required currents, the use of this method simplifies the equipment, due to softer requirements for the output parameters of the current source and the relay matrix of the generator switch.
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