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Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2020
- Conference date: September 14-18, 2020
- Location: Perm, Russia
- Published: 14 September 2020
61 - 80 of 136 results
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Research of cracking in case of explosion on outburst-hazardous dolomite rocks
Authors E.A. Nesterov and D.A. BobrovSummaryIn the world practice of mining, the manifestation of rock and gas emissions in dolomites is unique, has no analogues of solving the problem of working on stressed and gas-saturated rocks. One method of bringing a gas-saturated rock mass into a safe state is advanced torpedo, in which by applying cracking zones or creating crack systems in the mass, gas pressure is reduced to a safe level. In case of explosive action on rock massif around hole, zones of increased fracturing are formed, which are characterized by radius of effective fracturing around hole, namely distance over which cracks from exploded hole propagate. The article considers the procedure of works on determination of the fracture formation zone around the hole, based on comparison of gas permeability of dolomites before and after blasting on the investigated holes. As a result of experimental studies it was found that crack propagation in case of blast charge explosion in dolomite rocks does not exceed 0, 54m.
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Prediction of the Seismic Wave Amplitude for the Zhomart Mine Conditions
Authors A.S. Muryskin, D.Y. Shulakov and F.G. VerkholantsevSummaryCurrently, re-excavation of inter-chamber pillars is ongoing at the Zhomart mine. In this case, there is a danger of a massive collapse of mine openings over a large area. This can lead to significant seismic effects on the infrastructure of the mine. To predict the value of this impact, an analysis and generalization of the seismic events records obtained by the seismological monitoring system was performed. The result is an empirical design equation for calculation of the peak ground velocity (PGV) value. It has been established that earthquakes starting from magnitude 4.0 - 4.5 (depending on the epicentral distance) can be dangerous for the buildings on the earth's surface.
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Technogenic-Mineral Formations of Potash Processing: Forming, Transformation, Ecological Evaluation
Authors B.A. Bachurin and E.S. KhokhriakovaSummaryFeatures of potash wastes forming at the potash ore processing in Verchnekamsk deposit were viewed. A method of technological geochemical barriers might be used for evaluating a possible scale of toxic elements accumulation in wastes. This approach takes into consideration physical and chemical aspects of potash ore preparation and beneficiation. It was showed that technogenic-mineral substances forming in a tailing pond or solid dump are presented by complexes of natural as well as technogenic components. The contribution of processing chemicals to the organic-mineral complex’s formation was analyzed. The distribution of heavy metals and organic compounds in wastes was shown. Features of hypergenic transformation of waste’s composition and toxic compounds’ emission to the hydrosphere which based on lab modeling of mine wastes-and-water interactions were considered.
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Evaluation of Ground Conditions of Open-Pit Development of Deposits of Cryolithozone by GPR
Authors L.L. Fedorova and G.A. KulyandinSummaryEfficient commercial development of deposits requires increasing the amount and value of information obtained by operational exploration. The article provides methodological features and examples of application of the GPR method application in the areas of permafrost formation for detailing the structure of gold-bearing placers. Based on the results of computer modeling the GPR models containing the scheme of geological section with a geocryological object and the synthetic radargram are created. Wave fields of GPR obtained during the study of geocryological parameters of rock mass are considered. The experimental GPR sounding was performed at the dredging polygon of the gold deposit and the alluvial diamond deposit of Yakutia. In the Allakh-Yun deposit, we used the transverse GPR section of the dredging site as an example. The date showed the detectability possibility of the place bedrock elevation that can affect the dredger motion. In the placer diamond deposit, we considered the GPR section including underground ice. The research results have shown that the GPR method can be widely used in studying the deposit morphostructural peculiarities. The method’s advantages, such as remote sensing and quick results, can help further optimize the technology and improve the deposit development efficiency.
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Spatial and Temporal Variability of Engineering and Geological Conditions of the «Drazhny» Deposit Area
Authors E.D. Nugmanova, I.V. Abaturova, I.A. Koroleva and V.S. KozlovSummaryWith the development of new territories in the field of permafrost, the sphere of influence of cryogenic processes and phenomena in economic activity increases. Lack of consideration of their role affects the construction and operation of structures and leads to their deformations. The study of the essence of cryogenic phenomena, the features of thermal and mechanical interaction of structures with frozen soils allows you to minimize their harmful effects. When designing the facilities of the mining and processing plant on the territory of Oymyakonsky ulus, a complex of engineering surveys was carried out in 2014 and 2019. Due to the fact that this area was studied during the design and commissioning, as well as during the full functioning of the entire infrastructure of the field at the expansion stage, the main question arose about the study of spatial and temporal variability in connection with the technogenic evolution of the landscape situation. The spatial and temporal variability is based on generalization and analysis of the data obtained, namely, changes in temperature and humidity conditions, physical, mechanical and thermophysical properties of soils, increasing the depth of the permafrost roof, and the formation of new permafrost formations.
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Features of Experimental-Methodical Electrical Exploration Studies at the MSU Training Area (Aleksandrovka Village)
Authors E. Ermolin, V. Kulikov, A. Melnikov and A. AsoskovSummaryIn May 2019, along a line in the area of the village of Aleksandrovka (Kaluga Region), a integrated electrical exploration was performed, which included the method of audiomagnetotelluric sounding (AMT), the resistivity method, and the method of induced polarization (IP). The resistivity method is performed in the modification of vertical electrical sounding (VES) and electrical tomography (ET). The paper presents the methodological features of data analysis and interpretation. A comparison of the results of time and frequency IP measurements was done. The results of the interpretation of the data of AMTZ VES and ET were compared. A joint inversion of AMT-ET-VP data was performed.
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Methods of Monitoring Exogenetic Processes in Natural-Technical Systems
Authors I.V. Abaturova and A.V. BykovaSummaryThe article deals the practice of methods for control, hazard evaluation and forecast the development of erosion processes, as well as the features of combining methods for various types of such processes in a natural-technical systems. Field studies were conducted in 2008 - 2015 in the area of the Yamburg oil and gas condensate field with the participation of specialists from the Yamburg permafrost laboratory and with the researchers of Bashkir State University.
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Modern Unmanned Technology in Archaeogeophysical Studies
Authors E.V. Balkov, Y.G. Karin, O.A. Pozdnyakova and P.G. DyadkovSummaryModern geophysical methods, such as magnetometry, electrotomography, electromagnetic profiling, georadar, are widely used in practice and provide important information about the location and structure of individual archaeological sites or monuments in general. Recent technological advances in the field of unmanned technologies open up prospects for a significant increase in the productivity and information content of geophysical surveys. This article is devoted to a review of the world practice of the use of unmanned technologies in archaeological research, a description of practical examples of the use of orthophotography and aeromagnetometry with UAVs for archeological problems, as well as a description of the prospects for the development of aerial versions of equipment for electromagnetic profiling.
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Georadiolocation studies at mining enterprises of Kola region
Authors A.I. Kalashnik and D.V. ZaporozhetsSummaryExperience and results of georadiolocation studies at mining enterprises of Kola region are presented. Justification of applied methods of field research and methods of calibration of received data has been performed. Description of mining-geological, mining-technical and hydrogeological tasks solved using georadiolocation at mining enterprises: Apatit, Kovdorsky GOK, Kola MMK, OLKON, Oneny ruchei is given. Interpretation of detected features for the most complex mining and technical objects is given. It has been shown that the use of georadiolocation has allowed to obtain more detailed information in digital two-dimensional and three-dimensional model. It has been established that the greatest positive effect of georadiolocation is achieved by integration with other geophysical, geotechnical and geodetic methods.
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An Approach to the Geometric 3D Inversion of Airborne EM Data for Detection and Geometrization of Local targets Overlapped by Laterally Inhomogeneous Layers
Authors M.G. Persova, Y.G. Soloveichik, D.V. Vagin, D.S. Kiselev, A.P. Sivenkova and Y.I. KoshkinaSummaryThe paper proposes an approach to performing geometric 3D inversions of airborne EM data, which allows the detection and geometrization of local targets in complex geoelectrical media, i.e. in situations, when the targets response in the signals is mixed with the responses from other inhomogeneities, such as changing conductivity of overburdens, elevations of relief, etc. The approach is based on the use of special parametrizations of the background medium and target objects and step-by-step recovery of a geoelectrical model. At the first stage, 3D conductivity distribution is recovered in the overburdens, and, on the basis of the remaining residuals between the observed and calculated data, the areas potentially corresponding to targets positions are localized. At the second stage, in these areas, the geometric (including inclinations) and electrophysic characteristics of the targets are determined. The workability of the proposed approach is demonstrated on the data synthesized for a 3D medium, which is obtained as a result of airborne EM data processing measured by the HeliTem system in the Ural region. It is shown, that the boundaries, depth and inclination of the stratified local body, which is overlapped by a significantly laterally inhomogeneous layer, are recovered confidently and quite adequately.
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Automatic cavity detection in building structures according to GPR data
Authors R.A. Eremin and Y.A. SukhobokSummaryThe experience of automatic detection of cavity according to GPR data in building structures using digital signal and image processing techniques is given. Efficiency and prospects of practical application of automation in processing of GPR data for detection of dangerous man-made processes taking place in structures of transport structures, such as highways and railways, are assessed.
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The Analysis of the Head Waves Registered in Crosshole Survey for Calculation Velocities in the Vicinity of Boreholes
Authors A.V. Chugaev, V.P. Lisin, A.I. Babkin and K.J. TomilovSummaryThe crosshole method applied at the Verhnekamskoe potash deposit showed the possibility of head wave studying and obtaining additional information. The releationship is determined of the head waves apparent velocity, registered in the wells, velocities in upper and bottom layers. The given approach allows calculating integral velocities of P-waves in the bottom layer beneath the wells, refining velocities in thev vicinity of boreholes in the zone covered by the head wave. The head waves studying enables to get additional geological and geophysical information concerning objects of research and increases crosshole effectiveness.
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Comparing the Results of MER with the Results of a Traditional Algorithm for Solving the Inverse Problem of Electrical Exploration
More LessSummaryTesting the MER method with model examples showed its high efficiency in the inversion of VES curves complicated by interference. In the framework of this article, the possibility of using the MER method for VES data not burdened by interference is considered. To compare the effectiveness of traditional and alternative approaches to solving the inverse problem of electrical exploration, the VES curve is chosen as an example. For each method, 100 options for solving the inverse problem are calculated. The results obtained convincingly indicate that the MER method has advantages over the traditionally used method of minimizing the standard deviation.
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Application Seismic Attenuation Tomography in Studies of Geohazard on Evidence Complex Engineering Site Investigations
Authors N.V. Kulikova, V.V. Glazunov, S.M. Daniliev, N.N. Efimova and A.I. KulikovSummaryThe work discusses the results of complex engineering site investigations to revelation of gas-saturated sand deposits and areas of propagation of karst and subsurface erosion processes by electric resisting method and seismic exploration works. For a detailed survey of local inhomogeneities the method of amplitude tomography with the estimation of the spatial distribution of the attenuation coefficient of seismic waves was used. Researches have shown the effectiveness of this complex for the investigations of geohazards concerned with shallow gas accumulation and development of karst and subsurface erosion.
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Use of Geological and Structural Analysis in Evaluating Engineering and Geological Conditions of Mineral Deposits
Authors I.V. Abaturova, L.A. Storozhenko, V.B. Pisetsky and I.A. SavintsevSummaryModern engineering and geological conditions of the territories of mineral deposits are formed throughout the geological history of their development and all the most important engineering and geological parameters are closely related to historical, genetic and geological and structural features. Studying and evaluating rock masses at a depth of thousands of meters and predicting the development of engineering and geological processes is impossible without knowledge of their geological features, tectonic structure, and natural stress state. The experience of studying and testing have shown that for arrays composed of rocky soils question about the engineering-geological peculiarities of the fault tectonics, its internal structure is one of the most important, since it determines the deformation, strength and filtration properties of rocks, contributes to the development of geological processes, distribution of heat flow. In this regard, engineering and geological assessment of the geological and structural structure of mineral deposits is an urgent task.
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Investigation Destruction Zones of Mine Workings by GPR Data
Authors S.M. Danilev and N.A. DanilevaSummaryMine workings are difficult mining and geological objects that require regular monitoring of technical condition in order to predict and minimize risks. Along with the classical methods of monitoring the technical condition of mine workings, it is advisable to introduce GPR studies into the complex of evaluation methods. The use GPR technologies, which allows without affecting the strengthening structures and the rock mass containing mine workings, will allow opportunely localization hidden areas of disturbance that lead to increased mining and geological risks for mine work.
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Identification Layers of Potassium-Magnesium Salts in the Well Section Based on the Interpretation Well-Logging Data
Authors S.M. Danilev and N.A. DanilevaSummaryCurrent development of potassium-magnesium salt deposits in order to obtain highly demanded fertilizers used in the agricultural industry of Russia is an important strategic task. The use of the geophysical well-logging complex in search and evaluation and exploration wells of salt deposits will allow you to refine the resources and reserves of potassium and magnesium salts, make a recalculation of reserves and resources, and enter the fields into the development stage. The proposed geophysical well-logging system consists of electrical, acoustic, and radioactive methods for solving the assigned tasks. These methods allow obtaining geological and geophysical information about any interval of the salt layer crossed by a well, identifying productive zones, and constructing summary geological and geophysical sections that display the geological structure of the area under study. Chemogenic rocks section have a range of geophysical features of the recorded fields, which allow tracing and detecting potassium-magnesium salt in the section by a group of radioactive, acoustic and electrical methods. The addition of the geophysical well-logging complex with spectrometric modifications of radioactive logging and neutron logging methods allows us to identify potassium-magnesium inclusions and refine the intervals from the occurrence.
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The Optimal Speed of Spectrometric Gamma-Ray Logging Choosing by Logging Example a Hydrogeological Well in the Leningrad Region
Authors A.A. Miller, G.K. Grigoriev, V.S. Kirillov and G.D. GorelikSummaryStatistical accuracy of the spectrometric gamma-ray logging measurements is analyzed by the example of a specific hydrogeological well. For choosing the optimal logging speed by the spectrometric gamma-ray logging are given recommendations.
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Numerical Model for Assessing the Dissolution of Inter-Chamber Pillars during Flooding of the SKRU-2 Mine of the Vernekamskoye Salts Deposit
Authors A.A. Potapov, P.K. Konosavsky and R.A. FilinSummaryThe purpose of the research was the development and implementation of a numerical ground water flow and migration model of the worked out space of the SKRU-2 underground salt mine of the Vernekamskoye potassium-magnesium salt deposit in connection with its emergency flooding by groundwater from the over-salt strata of the rocks. The numerical model was implemented on the basis of the Processing Modflow software package version 5. The main task of modeling was the numerical calculation of the possible degradation of interchamber pillars due to their dissolution by the flow of groundwater flooding it. As a result of research, zoning of the mine’s mine field was carried out according to the final degradation of the pillars at the time of complete flooding of the mine during the implementation of various possible scenarios of flooding conditions.
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Surface Conductivity and Induced Polarization of Kimberlite
Authors V.I. Emelyanov, K.V. Titov and A. RevilSummaryKimberlites are the main sources of diamonds. In field geophysics kimberlite pipes are characterized by anomalies of low resistivity. However, the reason for high electrical conductivity is not clear. We have carried out multi-salinity experiments with two kimberlite samples (autolitic and xenotuffisitic breccia) from Arkhangelsk region (Lomonosova Deposit). Samples were saturated with brines of different electrical conductivity values (from 0.01 to 3.77 S/m). Complex electrical conductivity was measured with SIP FUCHS-III instrument in the frequency range from 1.43 mHz to 20 kHz. We found the bulk conductivity of sample is larger than that of the pore water (at the brine electrical conductivity range typical for fresh water). The quadrature conductivity values at 1.46 Hz are larger than that typically obtained for e.g., magmatic rocks and sandstones. We attribute this complex conductivity behavior to the surface conductivity influence. Furthermore, our kimberlite samples have a high values of cation-exchange capacity (CEC). It can be explained by the presence of smectites in mineral composition.
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