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Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2020
- Conference date: September 14-18, 2020
- Location: Perm, Russia
- Published: 14 September 2020
1 - 50 of 136 results
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Identification of Sources of Oil Pollution of the Reservoir Water Area Using Thermoresistive Methods
Authors N.G. Maksimovich and O.Y. MeshcheriakovaSummaryOil pollution of surface waters in the karst area was studied on the example of the Kama reservoir (Perm Region, Russia). The aim of this work was to identify areas of subaquatic discharge of groundwater contaminated with oil products and to identify the mechanism of pollution of the reservoir. A complex of hydrochemical and thermoresistivimetric studies was carried out and as a results abnormal zones and not a typical pattern of groundwater movement in the area were revealed. The complex of these methods makes it possible to assess the pollution of the water area associated with subaqueous discharging groundwater, outline the places of concentrated discharge, and optimize the hydrochemical testing network. At low financial costs and ease of implementation, the method is highly reliable of the results obtained, it allows us to understand the mechanism of oil pollution of the reservoir and to develop the optimal complex of protective structures. This method can be used to outline the discharge zones, which contain a wide variety of pollutants, the identification of which by geochemical methods at great depths and in large areas is not an easy task.
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Negative Induced Polarization and its Possible Origin
Authors V. Shevnin and A. BobachevSummaryNegative IP anomalies sometimes can be found during field survey. In publications their origin explain by the influence of contrast horizontal layering of type K and Q or by the influence of lateral resistivity contrast that influence on IP anomalies according to J.R. Wait. One other hypothesis of negative IP anomalies origin exists as intrinsic property of pure clay with definite humidity and in case of rather high current density of polarizable current (Brandes 2003, 2005). The authors found IP anomaly at student field practice in Kaluga region and studied its space position, lithological characteristic and relation with close laying layer of highly resistive sand. Though negative IP anomaly was found in clay layer its more probable origin resulted from closely situated highly resistive sand layer.
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Electrical Resistivity Tomography of the Frozen Embankment Dam
Authors V.V. Olenchenko and P.S. OsipovaSummarySoil thawing occurred during the operation of the frozen embankment dam. This led to the formation of leaks through the dam body and at the foundation along the fault in bedrocks. The main goal of the research was to identify leak locations for planning wells of the groundwater cut-off. Electrical resistivity tomography was carried out over parallel survey lines, 3-D inversion was performed, and electrical resistivity maps at depths of 4, 10, and 20 m were made. Anomalies of low electrical resistivity showed the line of water filtration in the body of the dam body and foundation. The 3-D model provide insight into thawing from the upper pool and filtering along the fault.
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Electrointroscopy of Interwell Space in Special Cement Works in Tectonic and Technogenic Disturbed Carbon Deposits of Eastern Donbass
Authors N.Y. Fomenko, V.V. Moldakov, A.N. Grossu and L.N. FomenkoSummaryPhysical modeling of layered medium electrointroscopy with inclusion of thin electrically conductive layer was performed. Pilot production studies were conducted in special cement wells drilled to create waterproofing curtains between flooded and operating mines in East Donbass. Field observations were accompanied with geological and technical data gathering and additional well research performing by well logging methods and spatial electrical filtration. Analysis of graphs and electro-tomography charts reflected of electrical field deformation were implemented for electrointroscopy of coalceous rocks formations by tomography grid.The outcome was an estimation degree of technogenetic and tectonic disturbance and watering of coalceous rocks formations in interwell space.
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Examples of Application of GPR for Ensuring Safety of Infrastructure Objects at the Area of the Russian Antarctic Station Progress (East Antarctica)
Authors S.D. Grigoreva, E.R. Kiniabaeva, M.R. Kuznetsova, S.V. Popov and M.P KashkevichSummaryDuring the last years, GPR method is being widely used for ensuring safety of logistic operations in Antarctica. In this paper we present some results of GPR investigations carried out at the area of the Progress station (East Antarctica) during the field season of 2019/2020. A significant source of danger when performing work on any glaciers is crevasses that are formed due to uneven nonuniform ice flow velocity and often reach width up to tens of meters. We show results of GPR survey performed at the snow runway of the Progress station where a wide network of crevasses was detected. In contract to crevasses, which are a common feature of all glaciers, the second example is rather a specific feature of the Progress station. Here numerous freshwater lakes are presented, some of which are characterized with regular outburst . Both destructive force of the waterstream and hidden channels within snow-ice dams can be dangerous for nearby infrastructure objects. GPR survey allows us to obtain data about state of the snow-ice dams of outburst lakes, get information about the geometry of subglacial waterflow channels and possibly forecast future outbursts.
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Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Induced Polarization for Alluvial Gold Placer Prospecting
Authors P.S. Osipova and V.V. OlenchenkoSummaryAlluvial gold deposits are associated with alluvium. We found that the channel facies of alluvium has an increased electrical resistivity as compared with the host rocks. This makes it possible to use the method of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) for the prospecting for alluvial gold placers. The paper presents the results of geophysical studies by the method of ERT with measurement of induced polarization in the Baikal region. ERT was performed using a system of parallel profiles, 3-D inversion was performed, and resistivity and polarization maps were constructed. Perspective local dives in the bedrocks (pockets) are highlighted on the loose rocks thickness map. Linear anomalies of increased polarization associated with the alleged bedrock sources of gold have been discovered.
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Increased Sensitivity of Electrical Prospecting
Authors A. Zlobinskiy and V. MogilatovSummaryUsually, when conducting electrical prospecting, the electromagnetic field in the medium is excited in such a way that large area structures are well identified, therefore profile sections prevail in the results of the work. In contrast, any three-dimensional objects are identified with great difficulty. The greatest problems to be detected by electrical prospecting methods are caused by objects located at great depths, small in area or low contrast in resistivity. These objects can be - ore objects, kimberlite pipes and other objects that do not extend over long distances in all directions. To increase the sensitivity of electrical prospecting, a method was created that is little affected by the parameters of the base medium. This method very well reveals violations of horizontally layered structures. The technology has been called the vertical electric current sounding method (VECS). VECS allows you to identify objects that are not detected by other methods of electrical prospecting - low-contrast, small in area, located at great depths.
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Results of Complex Geophysical Works on the Regional Profile through the Ugra River
Authors S.V. Zaitsev, V.A. Kulikov, E.D. Aleksanova, M.Y. Maslo, A.V. Solovyova and N.L. ShustovSummaryIn 2019, comprehensive geophysical work was completed on the regional 22 km profile across the Ugra river. The work was carried out for several years by a group of employees and postgraduate students of the Department of Geophysics of the Geological faculty of Lomonosov Moscow state University during educational and optional geophysical practices [Kulikov et al., 2016]. The geophysical complex included works using audio-magnetotellurics sounding (AMTS), time domain electromagnetic (TDEM), and vertical electric sounding with measurement of induced polarization (VES-IP). Based on the results of a complex interpretation of electrical data, a deep resistivity model was constructed. The most interesting result is the allocation in the Central part of the profile multi-tiered system of paleovalleys with different ages ‒ Visean, Neogene, Quaternary.
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Using Geophysical Methods to Separate the Types of Secondary Rock Alterations in the Exploration of LS-Epithermal Gold Deposits
Authors E. Ermolin and V. MelnikovSummaryThe results of integrated geophysical methods application in the LS-epithermal gold deposit are presented. The work was performed in the period from 2013–2019 in Chukotka. The applied methods include gravimetric surveying, magnetic surveying, audiomagnetotelluric sounding (AMT), resistivity and induced polarization method in the frequency domain (VES-VP). The results are compared with the geology and the section of the distribution of secondary rocks alterations. Zones of increased polarizability are proposed to be used as a geophysical criterion for the presence of LS-epithermal gold-bearing veins. A technology for separating the types of secondary rocks alterations according to geophysical data is proposed.
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The Choice of a Rational Complex of Geological and Geophysical Work in the Design of Land Remediation Measures for the Landfill of Solid Household Waste (MSW)
Authors I.V. Zuykov and V.V. BedinovSummaryThe report discusses the choice of a rational complex of geological and geophysical work in solving an important environmental problem - the design of land reclamation landfill solid waste. The task boils down to determining the thickness of the waste layer, which is buried in the old sand pit. Due to the existence of natural obstacles for the application of certain geophysical methods (the presence of metal wastes), it was necessary to select a set of methods for which this interference would not be a problem. As a result, to solve the problem, methods of passive seismic exploration (Resonance-Acoustic profiling), static sounding and resistance method (Vertical Electric Sounding) were chosen. The report also briefly reviews the theory of the Resonance-Acoustic Profiling method as applied to the problem being solved. As a result of work on a specific object, it became clear that the selected set of methods successfully solves the problem and can be recommended by the authors for use. The report also presents graphical applications confirming the result.
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Some Aspects of Localization of Pyrite Mineralization Within the Subarctic Region
Authors V.A. Dushin, V.S. Kozmin, D.I. Prokopchuk, A.K. Trutnev and E.A. ZhuklinSummaryConsidered theoretical and practical aspects of disposal of pyrite mineralization within Ural North. Disclosed leading geodynamic processes responsible for the formation of massive sulfide mineralization which are convergent and divergent conditions producing undifferentiated and differentiated (contrasting and continuous) volcanic formation. Compact in tabular form practiced ranking ore objects, the characteristic of near ore metasomatic rocks, ores on the main (Cu, Zn, Pb) elements including noble (Au, Ag, Pt, Pd) metals. Developed regional (structural-tectonic, formational) and local (structural and morphological facial, petrophysical, petro-geochemical) paleovolcanic criteria for a positive predictive assessment pyrite family, within which four ore-formational type isolated (Cyprus, the Urals, orealtay, Filizchay) established their spatial position and age. The presence of two metallogenic epochs of massive sulfide formed on North Urals in relation to the total of the geodynamic evolution of the territory of several different from the Middle and South Urals
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Estimation of the Physical Properties of Quaternary Soils by Near-Surface seismic Data in the Central Part of the East European Plain
Authors V.V. Romanov, K.S. Sergeev and V.I. RyzhkovSummaryQuaternary clay soils are opened everywhere by boreholes and pits in the Russian Federation [ 10 ]. Covering loams of the Upper Neopleistocene, as well as glacial (moraine) loams, sandy loam and clay of horizons of the Middle and Lower Neopleistocene are widespread in the central part of the East European Plain [ 8 , 9 ]. Often, these soils are the basis for buildings and structures, so finding their physical properties is an important task for engineering and geological surveys. Among the physical properties of soils determined by seismic exploration, the density, water-physical, and mechanical properties, discussed below, are distinguished.
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The Investigation of Shallow Structure Inhomogeneities by 2D End 3D Seismic Engenering Techniques
Authors V.Y. Bobrov and I.Y. GerasimovaSummaryIntensive anthropogenic impact on the subsoil during the development of water-soluble deposits increases the probability of the shallow structure rock-mass weakening and failure. The article presents the results of 2D and 3D seismic surveys performed in the undermining areas of the Upper Kama salt deposit territory in the furtherance of the problems of ensuring the safety of the water-proof stratum and monitoring the condition of the upper section rocks.
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The Relationship of Seismicity with Tectonic Processes According to the Analysis of Large earthquakes That Occurred on the Territory of Iran in the XX and XXI Centuries
More LessSummaryThe study of the relationship of seismicity with tectonic processes includes an analysis of the phenomena that precede or accompany earthquakes. At present, the direction “earthquake geology” is actively developing. The scientific and applied aspect of this direction is the study of tectonic movements that may occur in the future during such a period of time for which they are important for society. A significant amount of information on tectonic movements is provided by the focal mechanisms of seismic events that have already occurred, as well as the interpretation of the forms of the earth's surface. In his work, the author used seismic catalogs: NEIC (The National Earthquake Information Center) of the United States Geological Survey (The United States Geological Survey) and IRIS. Seismic events with M> 6 are involved in the analysis.A model of tectonic processes based on a detailed analysis of focal mechanisms of foci is proposed.
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Seismic Tomography for Monitoring Stress State of Pillars in Underground Mines
Authors I.A. Startcev and I.E. SemenovaSummaryThe paper presents a methodology and results of seismic tomographic studies for instrumental monitoring of the rock mass state between the approaching mining fronts at the Oleniy Ruchey underground mine. Velocity and difference models of the studied area are shown, which allow tracking the formation and migration of low-and high-velocity zones as mining operations progress. The stress-strain state for each measurement stage is analysed by comparing the average values of longitudinal wave velocities for the rocks composing the rock massif with the obtained values. The dynamics of the pillar’s stress-strain state is characterized by difference models. Being combined with other in-situ and numerical methods, the results of seismic tomographic studies allow planning the necessary preventive measures and contribute to improving the safety of mining operations.
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Assessment of Direct Current Technogenic Effect on the Properties of Dispersed Soils
Authors S.B. Burlutskiy, S.N. Khomutinnikov, A.Y. Tatarskiy and M.A. LazdovskayaSummaryCurrently, a large number of underground metal structures are being built and operated in our country and worldwide. According to the current technical documentation, these facilities are subject to corrosion protection. The process of electrochemical corrosion of underground metal structures is suppressed by insulating coatings and cathodic polarization created by means of electrochemical corrosion protection. Long-term operation of underground structures leads to aging and destruction of protective coatings. As a result, the suppression of electrochemical corrosion requires an increase in the electric current of the cathodic protection. Previous studies have shown that there is a significant increase in the pH of the soil electrolyte and a decrease in the electrical resistivity of soils as a result of cathodic polarization of underground metal structures located in clay soils, which significantly increases their corrosive activity. In addition, cathodic polarization contributes to a change in the physicomechanical properties of dispersed soils composing the space around protected structures. The purpose of this research is assessment of cathodic polarization effect on the change in the properties of clay soils composing a space near underground cathodically protected engineering structures.
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A Quantum-Mechanical Approach to Calculate Shallow Seismic Time Sections
Authors M.V. Tarantin and N.A. GolyarchukSummaryFirst created for oil seismic approach to time sections creation was applied to shallow seismic wave data. Given examples show good quality of wave sections in comparison with thorough wave data processing and some quality improvement advices are given. Considered approach could be used at the stage of field data acquisition if some control is needed as it doesn’t need a priori information.
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Identification of Natural and Technogenic Denstered Zones in the Processed Thickness by Gravimetric Data
Authors S.G. Bychkov, A.V. Michurin, A.A. Simanov and V.V. KhokhlovaSummaryThe importance of gravity exploration for the study and forecasting of negative engineering and geological phenomena in order to improve the safety of mining during the operation of salt deposits is shown. It has been established that all the failures of the earth's surface are confined to the local negative gravity anomalies that characterize the natural unconsolidated zones. The results of gravimetric monitoring of changes in the density state of rocks are presented. A joint interpretation of local gravity anomalies and dynamic anomalies allows us to build reliable three-dimensional models of the water-proof stratum, which includes a change in density over time, thereby determining the genesis of decompression zones and classifying the anomalies according to their degree of danger for mining operations.
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The Experience of Mapping Technogenic Oil Pollution by Geophysical Methods
Authors A.V. Muslimov and V.L. LuhmanovSummaryIn recent years, geophysical methods have been increasingly involved in solving environmental problems, one of which is mapping of areas of technogenic pollution by hydrocarbons. Given the huge size of the country, the focus of the economy on the production, transportation and processing of hydrocarbons, significant territories were subjected to technogenic hydrocarbon pollution. In this paper, we consider an example of mapping of non-standard technogenic hydrocarbon pollution - oil pollution of the territory of one of the metallurgical plants in the region of the technological waste accumulator. The non-standard work is that, mainly, geophysical studies are used to map oil spills in pipelines and the results of its processing (gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, etc.) in the areas of oil refineries and their storage facilities. Accordingly, publicly available publications are mainly devoted to mapping this type of pollution. At this site, it was required to filter out hydrocarbon processing products in the form of industrial oil with partial inclusions of metal chips and dust.
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Gravity Exploration for K-Mg Salts in Kaliningrad Region
Authors E. Ermolin, A. Brisyuk, A. Pakhunov and V. RomanovSummaryK-Mg salts are an effective fertilizer. Their production in the Kaliningrad region is currently cost-effective from a depth of more than 1000 meters. The high cost of prospecting and exploration drilling makes it necessary to use geophysical methods. The effectiveness of gravity survey is determined by the large difference in the density of salts in relation to the host medium rocks. In addition to this, gravity survey is highly productive, all-weather and does not any impact for the environment and farmland. The paper presents the results of ground gravity survey application for the K-Mg salts exploration in the Kaliningrad region. According to the gravity survey, the researchers determined a criterion for increasing the thickness of layers rich in K-Mg salts. The license area was divided into blocks with different perspectives. The borehole, predicted by gravity exploration, crossed a thick layer that is rich in K-Mg salts.
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Surface-to-Mine Electromagnetic Sounding in the Context of Salt Deposits
Authors V.P. Kolesnikov and T.A. LaskinaSummarySurface-to-mine electromagnetic sounding is a promising method to investigate the waterproof strata of salt deposits. It provides an opportunity to achieve the improvement of resolution for the waterproof strata, increased sensitivity to conductive zones present, control of the penetration of the generated electromagnetic field from the surface to the target depth interval. It is characterized by relatively easy and efficient implementation of the technology in the field. Different modifications of the surface-to-mine electromagnetic sounding have been tested on the Upper Kama potash deposit area. Their advantages and limitations are shown in the paper.
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Survey of Soil Conditions on Damage Sections of the Sewer Collectors in St. Petersburg Using Electrical Sounding with Capacitive Electrodes
By A.F. VolyninSummaryThe report presents the results of geophysical investigations in the southeastern part of St. Petersburg in the areas of pavement failures near the sewer collector. The mechanism of formation of subsidence of the soil is established. They are caused by the inflow of silty water-saturated sand into the collector in the areas of its depressurization and are associated with the construction of mines. Repeated monitoring measurements at the subsidence zones are recommended to prevent possible motor vehicle accidents.
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Results of Geophysical Studies of an Unfortified Bronze Age Settlement in the Southern Urals
Authors V.V. Noskevich, N.V. Fedorova and L.A. MuravyеvSummaryThe paper presents the results of geophysical studies of the unfortified Bronze Age settlement Konoplyanka-2 (Southern Urals). The settlement is revealed by 10 depressions in the modern relief. Topographic and magnetic surveys were performed in the vicinity of the settlement in the field seasons of 2017-2019. According to the results of magnetic surveys, it was possible to identify the boundaries of buildings and reconstruct the settlement plan. There were much more dwellings than fixed on the surface of housing depressions. Inside the buildings found utility pits and wells. The constructed magnetic map became the basis for the selection of archaeological sites. At one of the dwellings with the alleged four wells, a GPR survey was performed for a targeted excavation study of geomagnetic anomalies associated with hydraulic structures. According to the GPR data, the depth of the wells was determined, their shape was restored and the position of the wells in the plan and in the 3D format was built.
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Features of Calculation of Supplies on the Gypsum Fields in Condition of Highly Cavernous Porosity (For Example Sokolino-Sarkaevsk Field)
Authors K.O. Khudenkikh and V.N. KataevSummaryThere are 234 gypsum deposits registered in the Russian Federation that are subject to karst processes to varying degrees. When calculating the gypsum reserves, the coefficient of the gypsum thickness cavernous porosity is determined. In the article the analysis of methods for quantitative evaluation of cavernous porosity conducted through ratio. Calculations based on the data of the Sokolino-Sarkaevsk deposit of gypsum and anhydrite reserves revealed that none of the proposed methods can fully characterize the cavernous porosity of the gypsum thickness. It is shown that when using the statistical method for calculating the coefficient of cavernous porosity, its values may be abnormally low or overstated. It is proposed to use a single coefficient of z cavernous porosity calculated for the entire part (field) as a whole or its arithmetic mean.
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Pre-Ural Border Structure: Features of the Deep Structure and Oil and Gas
Authors V.S. Druzhinin, N.I. Nachapkin, V.Y. Osipov and L.A. MuravyevSummaryThe results of studies based on seismic-density sections along the profiles of the DSS of the Pre-Ural border structure (zone) between the East European platform and the Ural fold system are presented. This structure, which corresponds to the Pre-Ural marginal trough of Perm age in most of the Ural region, has anomalous properties of the deep structure of the upper part of the lithosphere and is an independent unit. It is shown that the Pre-Ural structure and the Aral-Murgab megazone isolated in the western part of Central Asia have some common properties of the deep structure. Therefore, they can be combined into one sub-meridional Pre-Ural-Aral-Murgab megazone, which separates ancient platforms and geological structures with different types of development.
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Results of Complex Geophysical Works Performed in the Fili District of Moscow For High-Rise Residential Development
Authors V.A. Kulikov, I.P. Korotkov and V.S. SerebryakovSummaryIn 2017, Moscow adopted a renovation program: over 15 years, it is planned to demolish more than 5 thousand houses, and build modern comfortable housing in their place. Complex geological and geophysical surveys were carried out at one of the renovation sites in the Fili district of Moscow in order to clarify the geological structure of the upper part of the section for high-rise buildings. The complex included geophysical studies using electrotomography (ET) and seismic method of common deep point (CDP). The site is interesting because it is located in the valley of the r. Filka (on the section between the Kuntsevskaya and the Fili metro station) and is well studied by geologists, because in the 40–60 years of the last century, educational geological routes were conducted here. Based on the results of complex geophysical work, a geological and geophysical model was built up to a depth of 100 m, maps of the top of Jurassic and Carbon deposits were made, areas with abnormal electrical properties and areas where the continuity of reflecting boundaries is violated were identified. The results obtained will be used to clarify the boundaries and depth of pits, to identify and delineate tectonic disturbances and active discontinuous structures
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Peculiarities of Bottom Lake Sediments Studies Performed within Urban Borders by Geophysical Methods
Authors N.Y. Bobrov, N.Y. Bogomolov, V.V. Polovkov and A.E. RybalkoSummaryThe results of geophysical work carried out in 2019 by the Integrated Marine Research Center of Saint-Petersburg State University (IMRC SPbU) on Suzdal Lakes, Saint-Petersburg, are presented. The work was a part of comprehensive environmental survey of the city reservoirs. The methods of ultrahighresolution seismoacoustics, georadiolocation (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) were used. The main goal of geophysical work was to determine the thickness of bottom sediments to evaluate the shape of lake basins. The work has demonstrated that gas saturation of silt enriched with biological material does not allow us to use seismoacoustics for identification the thickness and structure of bottom sediments in the urban area. GPR with a low-frequency antenna has shown rather high efficiency in studying bottom sediments at depths less than about 2 m. However, high water mineralization, typical of urban reservoirs, leading to a strong attenuation of electromagnetic pulses with depth, limits the use of GPR at greater depths. To study bottom sediments to the entire depth and determine the shape of lake basins under conditions of high electrical conductivity of water and/or gas-saturated sediments, ERT method can be recommended, including continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) technique for large water reservoirs.
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The Experience of Complex Dendrological Survey of the Plantations of Recreational Zone of the National Park «Kislovodsky» by Methods of Resistography and GPR
Authors V.M. Yakushev, T.A. Yarylchenko and V.V. YuferevaSummaryThe possibility of resistography and GPR methods integrating at dendrological studies of the National Park Kislovodsky recreation zone plantation has been assessed. It is shown that the sharing of these methods allows obtaining more complete and reliable information about the state of the objects (trees) under the study. In addition, the accuracy of local use of the Resistograph® is improved and, thereby the multiplicity of testing on the expected areas of damage to the tree trunk is reduced. This improves the operating conditions and reliability of using this device.
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Mine Seismic Surveys for the Control of Safety Pillars in Potash Mines
Authors A.G. Yaroslavtsev and K.B. FatkinSummaryThe paper presents the results of mine seismic surveys of safety pillars at the Upper-Kama potash deposit. The orientation of vibration source at generation of waves into wall of mine working is considered. It is established that the direction of propagation of elastic waves of the P-type, in contrast to S-type waves, is characterized by a certain selectivity and corresponds to the direction of emission. The possibility of high-quality separation of P and S waves in digital data processing is shown. In case of lateral half-space transmission on reflected waves, structural and lithological features of the rock mass are distinguished due to joint analysis of seismic sections and their velocity characteristics.
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The Way to Accurately Determine the Contours of Objects
Authors A. Zlobinskiy and V. MogilatovSummaryWhen researching objects whose sizes are comparable to the depths at which they are located, situations often arise in which the actual shape and location of the object does not match the shape and size of the object obtained from the results of geophysical studies. The mismatch of the contours of the object leads to the fact that wells laid according to the results of geophysical work do not fall into the object. In such cases, subsoil users are dissatisfied with the results of the work. The mismatch of the contours of the object is due to the fact that the interpretation of measurements takes place in the framework of one-dimensional models or even in the framework of simple transformations. A full three-dimensional interpretation that could solve this problem is difficult due to the small distribution of three-dimensional programs, the huge equivalence of solutions, and the small amount of data collected. What to do in this case? It is necessary to apply methods developed specifically for identifying three-dimensional structures that use only three-dimensional interpretation and collect much more data with a much denser grid of observations. An example of such a method is the method of sounding by vertical currents (VEC). ZVT allows revealing the real contours of objects using a three-dimensional interpretation and a large amount of data collected.
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Amplitude Analysis of Shallow 3D Seismic Surveys for Areas with Increased Technogenic Impact
Authors A.A. Zhikin, I.A. Sanfirov and A.G. YaroslavtsevSummaryThe advantages of three-dimensional field geometry seismic explorational systems for rock conditions monitoring of shallow and engineering depths are not obvious enough. Therefore, expanding the knowledge base on this issue may be of interest to geophysicists. The article discusses the possibilities of amplitude interpretation of the shallow and engineering 3D seismic surveys on the subsided areas of the Upper Kama salt deposit.
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Technology of Seismic Image of Structure and State of Mining Array in Underground Operations
Authors V. Pisetski, A. Zudilin, U. Patrushev, L. Zudilina and S. LapinSummaryThe parameters of the stress state of a rock mass with a discrete structure are recorded at the field level by means of registration of seismic signals of reflected waves. Assessment of the rock pressure gradient in the zone of influence of the mine on the massif allows timely identification of disintegration zones at the required distance from the bottom.
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Orientation Analysis of Active Lineaments of the Perm Urals to Identify Patterns of the Modern Field of Tectonic Stresses
Authors S.N. Tagiltsev, A.E. Lukyanov, S.V. Surganov and S.N. TagiltsevSummaryThe geodynamic conditions of the Urals and the Urals play an important role in the formation of modern engineering-geological, hydrogeological, and, in general, geoecological conditions. The state of the geological environment depends on many factors, and is controlled, to a large extent, by the level of activity of modern tectonic movements. In assessing the geodynamic activity of a particular territory, an important role is given to the analysis of lineaments of the modern relief. Based on the analysis of the orientation of the lineament of the territory of the Perm Urals, the directions of the vectors of the main maximum tectonic stresses in the geological environment of the studied territory are determined. The prevailing orientation of tectonic stresses is latitudinal, and is 270 °. The kinematic types of faults that are reflected in the lineament of the relief are revealed. Key words: geodynamic conditions of the Urals; tectonic disturbance activity; relief lineaments; orientation of tectonic stresses;
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Monitoring of Natural Processes is the Key to Understanding the Causes of Accidents in Underground Structures
Authors A.Y. Tatarskiy and A.F. VolyninSummaryThe aim of the work is to identify the mechanisms of occurrence of seasonal accidents of underground structures caused by natural processes. As a result of the analysis of comprehensive monitoring and statistics of accidents, the seasonal nature of accidents on water supply networks was confirmed and studied. The proposed mechanisms and the nature of the relationship between the dynamics of engineering-geological and meteorological processes and the annual distribution of the number of accidents are described. Seasonal indices are calculated, which can be used in forecasting water supply network accidents and optimizing their operation.
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Results of Complex Geophysical Studies of Near-Surface Karst Formations
Authors I.A. Sanfirov, S.G. Bychkov, A.I. Nikiforova, G.V. Prostolupov and G.P. ShcherbininaSummaryThe possibility of combining seismic and gravimetric studies to assess the potential karst hazard of the territory is considered. The gravitational field transformants analysis allows to outline the area of possible development of karst processes. Seismic observations are used to differentiate the identified inhomogeneities, determine spatial patterns in the distribution of structural and physical parameters, and perform a quantitative assessment
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Development of Technology for Electrical Monitoring of Geological Environment
Authors S.B. Karpov, V.P. Kolesnikov, T.A. Laskina, V.P. Mokronosov and A.A. ZubrikovSummaryA remote version of the stationary electrical monitoring method is considered, it is implemented using the developed hardware-software complex AMS-ZOND with a SOMGZ-48 commutator and interpretation software, which automatically obtains information on the physical state of the studied geological environment with a specified time interval between measurements at a considerable distance from the studied object.
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The Study of Paleolithic Monuments in Karst Caves by Electrotomography
Authors P.S. Osipova, V.V. Olenchenko, L.V. Tsibizov and A.I. KrivoshapkinSummaryThe study was focused on determining of shape and thickness of unconsolidated deposits layer inside karst caves using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Such data has high importance for searching of promising areas for archaeological excavations. The study was conducted in three caves - Selungur (Kyrgyzstan), Chagyrskaya and Strashnaya (Altay, Russia). ERT method was applied in pole-dipole array variant. Distance between the electrodes was 0.2 or 1 m depending on required depth. General structures of sediment layers were determined and important features were detected in considered caves. Inside Chagyrskaya cave sediments an anomaly related to limestone block was detected with ERT and verified with a pit. Sediments in lateral gallery have insignificant depth which does not exceed 0.3 m. In Strashnaya cave where 10 m of sediments were already excavated before, a rest of their depth was estimated as 3 m according to ERT data. Model of sedimentary layer in Selungur cave based on ERT data was successfully verified with drilling: geophysics allowed not only detect sedimentary layer depth but also discriminate detrital rock from bedrock and localize separate large rock fragments.
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Investigation of the Wave Propagation Process under Seismoacoustic Impacts in a Rock Mass Using Mathematical Modeling Methods
Authors A.M. Prigara, V.N. Aptukov, R.I. Tsarev, V.A. Voroshilov and A.A. ZhukovSummaryWith the participation of the authors, a method of mine seismic exploration on transverse waves with reflection separation was previously developed. It has shown high efficiency in studies of the halogen formation of the Verkhnekamsk salt Deposit. During the development of this method, experimental work was performed, which allowed us to establish that reflected longitudinal waves are not recorded on seismic records, although direct longitudinal waves are recorded quite successfully. In this case, the transverse waves are recorded as direct and reflected. This situation is unexpected, and difficult to explain, because, as is known, the vast majority of seismic surveys, both land-based and mine, are performed using just longitudinal waves. For theoretical justification of the conclusions obtained on the basis of practical research, it was decided to study the process of wave propagation in the salt array using mathematical modeling methods. The numerical solution was obtained using the ANSYS package. This package allows to solve various classes of problems in continuum mechanics, including modeling the processes of elastic wave propagation in different media, which makes it possible to theoretically confirm the results obtained in the course of practical research.
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Application of a New Type of Vibration Source in Various Climatic Conditions
Authors V. Serebryakov, I. Korotkov, A. Zhukov and A. SolovyovSummaryNew equipment and technology must overcome the tests in various conditions in order to show their reliability. Tests of a new vibration source in various climatic conditions were performed. The studies were carried out by the method of the common deep point (CDP). During the research, it was revealed that the quality of the results obtained varies in each season of the year on the same profile. One reason is the various near-surface excitation conditions. The near-surface excitation conditions were evaluated.
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The Study of the Properties and Structure of Road Clothing by GPR
Authors R.R. Romanov, A.A. Matushenko, A.A. Ivanov and A.I. PosereninSummaryThe work is devoted to the results of GPR survey performed in the summer of 2019 at one of the sections of the Central Ring Road (Moscow Region). The purpose of these works is to determine the thickness of the bulk layer of the road embankment in areas of replacement of weak soils. The bulk layer is represented by sand of medium size with inclusions of crushed stone, sometimes heavily flooded. The thickness of the bulk layer varies from 2.5 m to 4 m. In the interpretation, special attention was directed to the allocation of peaty areas. GPR was chosen to solve this problem, since this method has proven itself in similar works, because among non-destructive methods it provides the highest resolution at shallow depths.
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Detailed Seismological Monitoring Technology Based on Observations in the Krasnoslobodsky Fault Zone of the Starobinsk Potash Deposit
Authors D.Y. Shulakov, F.G. Verkholantsev and A.S. ZverevaSummaryThe software and hardware complex was selected on the basis of long-term monitoring observations. It allows to provide high-resolution seismological monitoring in adverse conditions. The use of low-power recording equipment makes it possible to choose the location of seismic stations at the maximum possible distance from man-made noise sources without connection to ground-based infrastructure. A two-stage analysis of the obtained seismograms makes it possible to detect the target seismic signals with minimal effort and determine the parameters of their sources even in the presence of a small number of seismic stations (starting from 3-4 units). The implemented approach made it possible to distinguish with certainty seismic events starting from magnitude ML = -0.5 occurring at a depth of 400 m to 1 km under conditions of a high level of background industrial noise.
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Practical Aspects of Applying Approximation of Geopotential Fields by Source Functions
By A.S. DolgalSummaryThe possibilities of practical application of the approximation of discretely specified values of geopotential fields by source-like functions that, from a physical point of view, correspond to the anomalous effects of equivalent sources are considered. For this purpose, iterative methods for solving systems of linear algebraic equations are used, which make it possible to determine the masses (or magnetic moments) of the elements of the approximation structure. The source-like approximation is used in the complex analysis of gravitational and magnetic fields and their tomographic interpretation; to assess the influence of the sphericity of the Earth on the results of the interpretation of gravity anomalies and the allocation of the positive and negative components of the gravitational field; for constructing an analytical model of corrections for the influence of the terrain in gravity exploration and for the joint transformation of data of aeromagnetic surveys of different scales. The presented approach is effective in solving a wide range of geological problems, especially in the conditions of a mountainous terrain, typical for most ore regions.
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About Geophysical Testing of Potash Salts at the VKMKS
Authors A.N. Nekrasov and O.V. KorotchenkovaSummaryThe possibility of evaluating the concentrations of potassium salts and harmful impurities based on measurements by geophysical instruments used in oil wells is shown.
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Forecasting of New Ore Areas Based on Geophysical Data
Authors P.S. Babayants and A.A. TrusovSummaryThe possibility of regional forecasting of new ore regions using freely available gravimetric and magnetic data is discussed. Summary matrices of gravitational and magnetic anomalies with a cell size of 2 * 2 km are used. Is Shown that with this grid, using of analytical methods is not effective, and probabilistic and statistical analysis technologies will be more effectively. The possibilities of effective solution of the problem based on the analysis of anomalous fields and their transformations using statistical methods, including lineament and cluster analysis, as well as formal prediction of mineralization using image recognition algorithms with training on reference objects are shown. As standards, both deposits and ore occurrences within the work contour and external significant objects are used.
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Mine Seismic Studies of Lithological Heterogeneities
Authors T.V. Baibakova, A.G. Yaroslavtsev and S.A. MironovSummaryA technique for predicting the substitution zones contour according to the mine seismic-acoustic studies results made from preparatory workings is presented. The method of seismic transmission in the horizontal direction by reflected waves is used. The substitution zones manifestation features in the attributes of seismic recording are described. The confidence interval estimate is obtained in determining the geological boundaries of such lithological heterogeneities.
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On the Possibilities of CMPCC Analysis of Surface Waves to Detect Lateral Heterogeneity and Zones of Subvertical Fracture in Soils
Authors V.P. Lisin, I.A. Sanfirov, A.V. Chugaev and A.I. BabkinSummaryExamples of the practical use of the cross-correlation analysis of surface waves at a common midpoint (CMPCC) are considered. To calculate the attenuation parameter of the energy of surface waves, we use the averaged ratios of the spectra of seismic traces recorded in pairs of receiving points equidistant from the midpoint (CMP). As the initial data, the records obtained during shallow and engineering seismic exploration by reflected waves with multiple overlapping (CDP) are used. At the example of the Upper-Kama potash salt deposit, methods for a joint interpretation of the CMPCC analysis with the results of shallow on-land seismic exploration and non-longitudinal vertical seismic-acoustic profiling (VSP) in geotechnical wells are being considered to identify sharp lateral inhomogeneities and zones of subvertical fracture of the rock mass in potentially dangerous sections of subsidence of the earth's surface and suprasalt strata collapses within the worked out mine fields
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Experience in Applying the Natural Field Method in Salt Mines
Authors Y.I. Stepanov and E.S. BushuevaSummaryWithin the framework of these studies, the following were carried out: assessment of the technogenic impact on the results of observations by the EP method in active mine workings; comparative analysis of receiving non-polarizing electrodes used on the object with serial electrodes; the possibility of using a coaxial cable in the receiving line; the hypothesis of the nature of the natural field, which is due to the specifics and interrelation of tectonic and epigenetic processes manifested in the supra-salt and salt strata of the Verkhnekamsk potassium salt Deposit.
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Clarification of the Contours of a Potentially Ore-Bearing Intrusive Based on the Results of Ground-Based Geophysical Work in the Norilsk Region
More LessSummaryIn the field seasons of 2015-2016, a complex of ground-based geophysical works was performed on one of the squares near Norilsk, including 1:25,000 scale gravity exploration over a network of 250x100 meters, magnetic exploration with continuous field registration with a measurement cycle of 2 seconds (an inter-route distance of 250 meters), and electric exploration using the VP method in the modification of the median gradient. The main goal of the research was to clarify the contour of the potentially ore-bearing Intrusive gabbro-dolerite composition and to identify local areas with the maximum development of sulfide mineralization.
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Emprical Mode Decomposition of Results of Profile Measurements of Electric Fields
More LessSummaryThe paper presents the results of computational experiments on the decomposition of electrometric observation data on empirical modes using the RIMF program. This modification of the Empirical Mode Decomposition method (EMD) is geophysical data processing oriented. Of hers distinctive feature is the use of harmonic (potential) functions when constructing signal envelopes instead of cubic splines traditionally used for this purpose. EMD is a highly adaptive method for analyzing nonlinear and non-stationary signals. It can be used to highlight the information component in the results of electrical profiling. To clarify the effectiveness of using EMD in monitoring observations, calculations were performed for two stages of measurements: spring and autumn.
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The Results of Experimental and Methodological Work on the Identification and Mapping of Tectonic Disturbances in Uranium Deposits of the Paleo-Valley Type by Methods of Emanation Survey and RAP
Authors V.V. Bedinov, D.A. Prokhorov and A.V. StarodubovSummaryThe article discusses the results of experimental - methodological work to improve the complex of geophysical methods performed by FSBI VIMS specialists. The objective of the work was the identification and mapping of zones of tectonic disturbances within the areas of the uranium mineralization being mined in the Republic of Buryatia. Knowing the exact spatial position of the zones of tectonic disturbances is important not only for solving search problems, but also for the technology of mining the field. Usually, searches for zones of tectonic disturbances were carried out using radiometric methods (emanation survey). The use of the passive seismic survey method in the RAP modification to the complex of radiometric methods made it possible to significantly increase the accuracy and information content of the problem solution. This is confirmed by the accompanying graphic applications. The obtained results allow us to recommend the described complex for solving similar geological problems.
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