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Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2021
- Conference date: April 26-30, 2021
- Location: Online
- Published: 26 April 2021
1 - 20 of 184 results
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Impact of Signal Registration Technology on GPR Data
Authors L.B. Volkomirskaya, O.A. Gulevich, A.E. Reznikov, N.V. Krivosheev and V.V. VarenkovSummaryThe method of signal registration implemented in GPRs using frequency or time gating or nonlinear amplification of amplitudes may significantly impact the view of the waveforms, in fact, distorting the reactions of rocks to the applied electromagnetic field of the probing signal. This distortion of the field occurs under various experimental conditions and may affect the ability to draw reliable inferences about rock characteristics if it is not taken into account when interpreting the GPR data. Numerically calculated waveforms obtained in the approximation of geometric optics or significant simplifications of the models of propagation of electromagnetic signals cannot serve as a standard in GPR and be directly applied to a wide range of experimental results obtained by different GPRs, which differ in design. We describe some of the typical effects of the GPR design on waveforms and some interpretational errors, which occur when the effect of the registration technology implemented in the receiver is not taken into account.
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Deep GPR in The Exploration of Coal Deposits
Authors L.B. Volkomirskaya, O.A. Gulevich, A.E. Reznikov and V.V. VarenkovSummaryThe use of deep GPR in the study of coal deposits from the surface is necessary to obtain a geoelectric section of tens of meters deep in media with strong dispersion and low resistivity. The advantages of GPR data in comparison with traditional methods of borehole geophysics are relatively low cost and the possibility of continuous surveying along with the profile or survey area, which allows, for example, to explore the territory of the field with a grid with a step of 1 or 2 meters to a depth of over 50 meters and a depth resolution from 10 centimeters. Using deep GPR in anthracite and coking coal deposits, we have determined the subsurface structures from the surface to a depth of 70 meters with great detail. Here, we show GPR transects, which allow bringing out bedding geometry, for example, a radio image of an anticlinal fold, formation sizes and angles of inclination, as well as relative electrophysical differences of coal seams.
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Constrained 3D Inversion of Magnetic Data Collected Over E.Zhairem Deposit, Kazakhstan
Authors V.F. Kaminski, A.A. Efimov, A.B. Kirmasov and P.N. KovrizhnyhSummaryWork presented in current abstract is dedicated to 3D gravity and magnetic data constrained inversion using three-dimensional reference models based on 3D distribution of lithological units densities derived from Leapfrog models of Eastern Zhairem deposit. The inversion models show good data fit as well as geological correlation. Magnetic model shows ore zoning for two different types of ores present in Eastern Zhairem deposit
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Geoelectric Section Plotting in The Permafrost Using The Method of Reflected Electromagnetic Waves (MREMW)
Authors L.B. Volkomirskaya, O.A. Gulevich, A.E. Reznikov and V.V. VarenkovSummaryBased on the permafrost study, we analyze data of the method of reflected electromagnetic waves (MREMW), including both kinematic characteristics of the section and attenuation features, determined by conductivity. The highly inhomogeneous structure of the upper permafrost is shown on a normalized conductivity section and compared to the near-field transient electromagnetic sounding data. The spatial resolution of MREMW is higher than for traditional electric prospecting and corresponds to the resolution of deep GPR. The MREMW penetration depth in the high conductive salty medium with thawing boundaries reached over 40 meters.
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Experience of Application and Prospects of The Controlled Source Radiomagnetotelluric Sounding Method in The Study of Arctic Permafrost Zone
Authors А.К. Saraev, A.A. Shlykov, N.Yu. Bobrov and B. TezkanSummaryThe capabilities of application of the controlled source radiomagnetotelluric (CSRMT) sounding method with a horizontal electrical dipole as a source in the solving of various tasks in the permafrost areas are considered. The possibility to study permafrost geoelectric sections at industrial construction sites is demonstrated. In the Yakutia kimberlite province the tasks of studying the morphology of dolerite sills within the overlying sediments and mapping the roof of kimberlite hosting carbonate rocks were solved. Based on the simulation results, the possibility of mapping the under-channel and sub-lake taliks is shown. In this case, using the tensor modification of the CSRMT method with two multidirectional sources and bimodal inversion of the data are preferable. The CSRMT method has some advantages over conventional DC methods used in the permafrost areas (VES, ERT). This is a higher productivity of work and the ability to perform soundings in the winter on snow and ice. Compared to the TEM soundings and GPR, the CSRMT method provides more reliable results in the depth interval from 5 to 15 m, when the GPR lacks depth, and TEM has problems in detailing the upper part of sections at early recording times.
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Karst as Dangerous Engineering-Geological Process at Field Development of Open-ining Gypsum Deposits
Authors K.O. Khudenkikh and V.N. KataevSummaryIn article a karst as dangerous engineering-geological process is considered. It is discussed a question of karst typing on open mine deposits of gypsum plaster. In context of karst danger by morphological and morphometric parameters the karst typing is proposed, for example of Sokolino-Sarkaevsk deposit. Examples of practical application are given, which show, that modern impact and karst forms typing very largely allow to decrease a risk of human traumatism and technics damage at mining on the open mine deposits of gypsum plaster.
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Near Vertical Fractured Zones Imaging Using Refracions in The Vertical Seismic Profiling
Authors A.V. Chugaev, I.A. Sanfirov, A.I. Babkin and K.Yu. TomilovSummaryThe paper looks into a situation typical for the Verkhnekamskoe potash deposit. When performing vertical seismic profiling, refractions are recorded that are formed on a rigid acoustic boundary separating terrigenous rocks from a high-velocity salt stratum. The properties and regularities of refractions propagation during vertical seismic profiling are described. A technique for summing refractions is proposed for constructing a supergather that allows tracing and obtaining quantitative estimates of near vertical fractured zones. Combination of the proposed technique and seismic tomography expands the possibilities of borehole seismic geological interpretation.
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Unmanned Technologies for State Monitoring of The Landslide Process on The Territory of The Ural Federal District
Authors S.N. Elohina, A.A. Kindler and A.A. KhudyakovSummaryObservations of hazardous geological processes within the framework of state monitoring of the state of subsoil on the territory of the Ural Federal District have been carried out on a regular basis by specialists of Federal State Unitary Geological Enterprise “Hydrospetsgeologia” since 2008 on the most dangerous genetic complexes. 1480 manifestations were registered, of which 16% are manifestations of a landslide process. The latter were recorded on the territory of the West-Siberian platform - 55% and the mountain-fold Urals - 39%. Small to medium-sized landslides prevail. 33 points of the state observation network are mainly equipped with benchmarks and marks. Measurements using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been performed since 2019. Images are processed in the Agisoft Metashape program. Analysis of 3D models and elevation maps is performed in AutoCAD Civil 3D and ArcGIS. An example of the implementation of a set of techniques at the “Shadrinsky” site (Kurgan Oblast) is considered. The positive experience of using UAVs determines their further widespread use in long-term specialized observations, and in the case of urgent documentation of what happened. The improvement of the method is expected to increase its accuracy by 5–10 times.
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Experience in Mapping Technogenic Oil Pollution by Geophysical Methods
Authors A.V. Muslimov and V.L. LuhmanovSummaryThe paper presents the results of geophysical studies using various geophysical methods for mapping technogenic hydrocarbon contamination of soils
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Processing of High-Resolution Marine Seismic Data - Suppression of The Signature of The Receiving-Emitting System
Authors S.A. Vakulenko, S.V. Buryak, A.A. Shuvalov and A.A. AlekhinSummaryAt present, when carrying out offshore seismic operations using the HR/VHR/UHR (high-resolution, very-high-resolution and ultra-high-resolution) techniques, various types of sources of elastic waves are used, such as electric sparker sources (“sparkers”), electrodynamic sources (“boomers”) and small volume air guns. The signature of these sources differs significantly from each other and depends on the parameters of their operation in each case. In addition, the streamer towing depth affects the resulting waveform. Typically, such a signature includes a primary source pulse, ghost waves reflected from the water-air surface from the source and from the receiver, secondary bubble pulsations, and possibly other oscillations associated with the characteristics of the source. The resulting complex signature, if it cannot be suppressed by processing, significantly reduces the resolution of the seismic images. Even now, during g high-resolution seismic data processing, it is usually not possible to completely effectively suppress the signature, which leads to the loss of the potential advantages of high-resolution seismic surveys and a decrease the quality of the resulting images. In this article we will go through some examples of data acquired with different types of sources and discuss approaches to suppressing noise waves contained in the resulting signature.
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Comparison of Processing Results of Magnetometric Data Using Magnetic Base Station and Gradiometer in Offshore Engineering Survey
Authors A.A. Shepelev and F.E. ZhilinSummaryMagnetic investigate in offshore engineering survey are performed in order to search for local magnetic anomalies which can be potentially dangerous during construction of oil and gas facilities site. Proposed technology includes using of magnetic base station in order to obtain high accuracy of observations of differential hydromagnetic surveys. Comparison of processing results of magnetometric field data using magnetic base station and only gradiometer are shown. The work performed in order to make it possible to achieve low values of the root-mean-square error of hydromagnetic survey. Guidelines were developed for changing the methodology for carrying out this type of work
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Electrical Resistivity Tomography of The Ore Heap
Authors V. V. Olenchenko, P.S. Osipova, A. S. Kalganov and A.V. ChekryzhovSummaryThe article shows the results of three-dimensional inversion of electrotomographic data obtained on the heap leach ore pile. The main purpose of the study has to identify filtration channels inside the heap, dry ore blocks and leaks through the waterproofing layer. The array of 3-D data was obtained from the 2-D dataset. 3D inversion was performed and sections and electrical resistivity maps were constructed. Anomalies of electrical resistivity associated with two filtration channels were identified. It is shown that low-permeability zones have formed under technological roads, which were detected by anomalies of increased electrical resistivity. They disturb fluids streaming. According to low electrical resistivity local anomalies, the position of leakage sites in the waterproofing layer has detected.
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Geophysical Signs of Placer Gold’s Sources in Kelbes-Zolotokitatsky Ore-Placer Cluster
Authors P.S. Osipova, V.V. Olenchenko and V.I. SamorukovSummaryThe paper presents the capabilities of the electrical resistivity tomography for determining the thickness of loose sediments and the topography of an alluvial placer bedrock. Particular attention pays to identifying induced polarization anomalies associated with zones of gold-sulfide mineralization in bedrocks. These zones are the primary sources of placer gold in the region.
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Possibilities and Results of Using the Combined Standing Wave Method (RAP) for Preliminary Assessment of the Geological Structure of Building Sites
Authors I. V. Zuykov and A. OzenSummaryThis article discusses the possibilities of using the express method for preliminary assessment of the geomechanical structure of construction sites - the combined method of standing waves (RAP). The above examples show the real results of work carried out on construction sites in Turkey and Russia. The results of comparison of the results of the RAP with other methods of geophysics are also presented. Comparison results show good convergence between RAP data and other methods. Based on the above examples, the authors conclude that the use of express methods of geophysics at the initial stage of engineering surveys will significantly increase the efficiency of research while generally reducing the time for performing engineering surveys.
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Landslide Slope Stability Estimation by The Geotechnical and Geophysical Data
Authors R.A. Shuvalova, S.B. Burlutsky, V.V. Glazunov and S.V. ZhdanovSummaryLandslides are one of the most dangerous geological processes, they make a threat to all engineering structures. The placement of any structure within the landslide leads to its activation. To design an engineering structures on the landslide slopes, the project’s designers are using the results of a complex engineering surveys, which are necessary for calculating the stability of soil masses, as well as assessing the risks of the development of landslide processes during the construction and operation of the engineering structures. Correct calculation of the landslide slopes stability requires a detailed study of structural features, as well as the research of soil properties within the landslide massif. Although the traditional methods used in engineering and geological surveys are accurate and constantly are being improved, they have one significant drawback - these methods are based on one-dimensional interpretation of drilling data and field methods for studying soils, which does not allow engineering and geological researches of heterogeneous landslide structures with the required detail. Moreover, steep landslide slopes make it difficult to conduct drilling operations, this creates additional difficulties in studying the structural features and identifying weakened zones in the landslide massif. In contrast to 1D methods of researching the slope by drilling wells and field methods of studying the strength properties of soils, modern 2D geophysical technologies allow getting a continuous section of a landslide slope showing the main structural elements of the landslide massif and localising zones of weakened rocks. In order to assess the significance of additional information about the structure of landslides, extracted using geophysical methods, for the value of slope stability, we performed calculations of the stability of the studied landslide slope both on the basis of engineering and geological survey data and taking into account additional geophysical information.
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Use of Hydrodynamic Characteristics of The Underground Water Flow for Processing Single Pumping Data
Authors S.N. Tagiltsev, V.S. Tagiltsev, S.V. Surganov and A.A. KurichenkoSummaryThe use of pumping data from single wells is limited by the impossibility of reliably determining the effective hydrodynamic radius of the experimental well and estimating the value of the piezoconductivity coefficient. When the dynamic level in the well is stabilized due to the interception of part of the natural flow of underground water, it becomes possible to estimate the size of the depression funnel using the value of the natural gradient and the value of the water conductivity of the aquifer. Based on the size of the conditional supply radius and the time of the onset of stabilization of the dynamic level in the well, it is possible to calculate the value of the piezoconductivity coefficient of the formation and estimate the value of the calculated radius of the experimental well.
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First Using of a Circular Electric Dipole on a Water Surface
Authors A. Zlobinskiy and V. PotapovSummaryGeo electromagnetic soundings with traditional sources on the sea and lakes are associated with screening problems due to the strong conductor - the water layer. At sea, CSEM (Controlled Source Electromagnetic Method) (Constable, Srnka, 2007; Constable, 2010) is actively used. However, CSEM is limited in its application to great depths (more than 1000 m), large distances between the source and the receiver (up to 15 km). CSEM is difficult to apply under ice. To overcome the problems of marine electrical prospecting and successful work at sea, we propose to apply the method of Vertical Current Sounding (VECS).
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Prospects for Predicting The Most Promising Ore-Bearing Areas Based on The Classification of Potential Fields
More LessSummaryThis article is aimed at studying new ways of forming predictive and prospecting models for the localization of ore objects. For this purpose, the text discusses the possibility of applying the classification technique of potential fields together with the transformation of the initial geophysical data, for further identification of the most interesting anomalous structures. Based on the results of studying the a priori information, the following transformations are performed: the division of the source maps into regional and local components, the calculation of the transformants of potential fields. Based on the identified identical features, the fields are classified using the Coscad 3D program, both for each field individually and for the combined model. As a result, a comprehensive analysis of the original and converted geoinformation is performed. The authors substantiate the patterns of distribution of the most interesting structures, draw conclusions about the prospects for the development of the method of classification of potential fields, when solving problems of interpretation of geophysical data.
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Application of Passive Seismics for Investigation of Karst Phenomena in the Historic Center of Kazan
By S.V. ShakuroSummaryGeophysical investigation of the ground conditions to a significant depth is rather complicated in urban environment. For one thing, it is often impossible to set up the seismic and geoelectrical arrays of sufficient length. The next problem is the high level of seismic and electromagnetic noise. This is why the karst investigations carried out at the small block, located in the historic center of Kazan city were based on geophysical data, obtained with various passive seismic techniques: Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio methodology (HVSR), Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves and Microtremors (MASW, MAM). Supplemented by drilling results, the HVSR methodology provided structural information for the subsurface, while MASW and MAM showed soil physical properties and their variations.
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Modeling Tar Sands with Conductive Layer
Authors V.A. Polikarpova and V.A. KulikovSummaryThe goal is to assess the possibilities of electrotomography for the study of heavy oil deposits. The main object of study is the largest tar sand deposit - Alberta (western province of Canada).There are some problems with the production of such oil: 1) Reservoir heterogeneity associated with interlayers of clays and shales. This is a significant obstacle to vertical vapor migration; 2) watercut zones. Based on this, the following tasks arise before the electrotomography: 1) Select tar sand layers and estimate their thickness; 2) Select the conductive horizons (clay, shale, water) that may be present in the oil-bearing strata. The assessment of the capabilities of electrotomography was carried out using simulation with subsequent inversion. Models were created to match the geological structure of the region (Alberta, Canada). Comparing the results of solving the inverse problem (inversion) with the starting model gives this estimate. In the process of modeling, a pole-dipole + dipole-dipole electrotomography unit was used.
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