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Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2021
- Conference date: April 26-30, 2021
- Location: Online
- Published: 26 April 2021
1 - 50 of 184 results
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Impact of Signal Registration Technology on GPR Data
Authors L.B. Volkomirskaya, O.A. Gulevich, A.E. Reznikov, N.V. Krivosheev and V.V. VarenkovSummaryThe method of signal registration implemented in GPRs using frequency or time gating or nonlinear amplification of amplitudes may significantly impact the view of the waveforms, in fact, distorting the reactions of rocks to the applied electromagnetic field of the probing signal. This distortion of the field occurs under various experimental conditions and may affect the ability to draw reliable inferences about rock characteristics if it is not taken into account when interpreting the GPR data. Numerically calculated waveforms obtained in the approximation of geometric optics or significant simplifications of the models of propagation of electromagnetic signals cannot serve as a standard in GPR and be directly applied to a wide range of experimental results obtained by different GPRs, which differ in design. We describe some of the typical effects of the GPR design on waveforms and some interpretational errors, which occur when the effect of the registration technology implemented in the receiver is not taken into account.
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Deep GPR in The Exploration of Coal Deposits
Authors L.B. Volkomirskaya, O.A. Gulevich, A.E. Reznikov and V.V. VarenkovSummaryThe use of deep GPR in the study of coal deposits from the surface is necessary to obtain a geoelectric section of tens of meters deep in media with strong dispersion and low resistivity. The advantages of GPR data in comparison with traditional methods of borehole geophysics are relatively low cost and the possibility of continuous surveying along with the profile or survey area, which allows, for example, to explore the territory of the field with a grid with a step of 1 or 2 meters to a depth of over 50 meters and a depth resolution from 10 centimeters. Using deep GPR in anthracite and coking coal deposits, we have determined the subsurface structures from the surface to a depth of 70 meters with great detail. Here, we show GPR transects, which allow bringing out bedding geometry, for example, a radio image of an anticlinal fold, formation sizes and angles of inclination, as well as relative electrophysical differences of coal seams.
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Constrained 3D Inversion of Magnetic Data Collected Over E.Zhairem Deposit, Kazakhstan
Authors V.F. Kaminski, A.A. Efimov, A.B. Kirmasov and P.N. KovrizhnyhSummaryWork presented in current abstract is dedicated to 3D gravity and magnetic data constrained inversion using three-dimensional reference models based on 3D distribution of lithological units densities derived from Leapfrog models of Eastern Zhairem deposit. The inversion models show good data fit as well as geological correlation. Magnetic model shows ore zoning for two different types of ores present in Eastern Zhairem deposit
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Geoelectric Section Plotting in The Permafrost Using The Method of Reflected Electromagnetic Waves (MREMW)
Authors L.B. Volkomirskaya, O.A. Gulevich, A.E. Reznikov and V.V. VarenkovSummaryBased on the permafrost study, we analyze data of the method of reflected electromagnetic waves (MREMW), including both kinematic characteristics of the section and attenuation features, determined by conductivity. The highly inhomogeneous structure of the upper permafrost is shown on a normalized conductivity section and compared to the near-field transient electromagnetic sounding data. The spatial resolution of MREMW is higher than for traditional electric prospecting and corresponds to the resolution of deep GPR. The MREMW penetration depth in the high conductive salty medium with thawing boundaries reached over 40 meters.
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Experience of Application and Prospects of The Controlled Source Radiomagnetotelluric Sounding Method in The Study of Arctic Permafrost Zone
Authors А.К. Saraev, A.A. Shlykov, N.Yu. Bobrov and B. TezkanSummaryThe capabilities of application of the controlled source radiomagnetotelluric (CSRMT) sounding method with a horizontal electrical dipole as a source in the solving of various tasks in the permafrost areas are considered. The possibility to study permafrost geoelectric sections at industrial construction sites is demonstrated. In the Yakutia kimberlite province the tasks of studying the morphology of dolerite sills within the overlying sediments and mapping the roof of kimberlite hosting carbonate rocks were solved. Based on the simulation results, the possibility of mapping the under-channel and sub-lake taliks is shown. In this case, using the tensor modification of the CSRMT method with two multidirectional sources and bimodal inversion of the data are preferable. The CSRMT method has some advantages over conventional DC methods used in the permafrost areas (VES, ERT). This is a higher productivity of work and the ability to perform soundings in the winter on snow and ice. Compared to the TEM soundings and GPR, the CSRMT method provides more reliable results in the depth interval from 5 to 15 m, when the GPR lacks depth, and TEM has problems in detailing the upper part of sections at early recording times.
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Karst as Dangerous Engineering-Geological Process at Field Development of Open-ining Gypsum Deposits
Authors K.O. Khudenkikh and V.N. KataevSummaryIn article a karst as dangerous engineering-geological process is considered. It is discussed a question of karst typing on open mine deposits of gypsum plaster. In context of karst danger by morphological and morphometric parameters the karst typing is proposed, for example of Sokolino-Sarkaevsk deposit. Examples of practical application are given, which show, that modern impact and karst forms typing very largely allow to decrease a risk of human traumatism and technics damage at mining on the open mine deposits of gypsum plaster.
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Near Vertical Fractured Zones Imaging Using Refracions in The Vertical Seismic Profiling
Authors A.V. Chugaev, I.A. Sanfirov, A.I. Babkin and K.Yu. TomilovSummaryThe paper looks into a situation typical for the Verkhnekamskoe potash deposit. When performing vertical seismic profiling, refractions are recorded that are formed on a rigid acoustic boundary separating terrigenous rocks from a high-velocity salt stratum. The properties and regularities of refractions propagation during vertical seismic profiling are described. A technique for summing refractions is proposed for constructing a supergather that allows tracing and obtaining quantitative estimates of near vertical fractured zones. Combination of the proposed technique and seismic tomography expands the possibilities of borehole seismic geological interpretation.
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Unmanned Technologies for State Monitoring of The Landslide Process on The Territory of The Ural Federal District
Authors S.N. Elohina, A.A. Kindler and A.A. KhudyakovSummaryObservations of hazardous geological processes within the framework of state monitoring of the state of subsoil on the territory of the Ural Federal District have been carried out on a regular basis by specialists of Federal State Unitary Geological Enterprise “Hydrospetsgeologia” since 2008 on the most dangerous genetic complexes. 1480 manifestations were registered, of which 16% are manifestations of a landslide process. The latter were recorded on the territory of the West-Siberian platform - 55% and the mountain-fold Urals - 39%. Small to medium-sized landslides prevail. 33 points of the state observation network are mainly equipped with benchmarks and marks. Measurements using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been performed since 2019. Images are processed in the Agisoft Metashape program. Analysis of 3D models and elevation maps is performed in AutoCAD Civil 3D and ArcGIS. An example of the implementation of a set of techniques at the “Shadrinsky” site (Kurgan Oblast) is considered. The positive experience of using UAVs determines their further widespread use in long-term specialized observations, and in the case of urgent documentation of what happened. The improvement of the method is expected to increase its accuracy by 5–10 times.
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Experience in Mapping Technogenic Oil Pollution by Geophysical Methods
Authors A.V. Muslimov and V.L. LuhmanovSummaryThe paper presents the results of geophysical studies using various geophysical methods for mapping technogenic hydrocarbon contamination of soils
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Processing of High-Resolution Marine Seismic Data - Suppression of The Signature of The Receiving-Emitting System
Authors S.A. Vakulenko, S.V. Buryak, A.A. Shuvalov and A.A. AlekhinSummaryAt present, when carrying out offshore seismic operations using the HR/VHR/UHR (high-resolution, very-high-resolution and ultra-high-resolution) techniques, various types of sources of elastic waves are used, such as electric sparker sources (“sparkers”), electrodynamic sources (“boomers”) and small volume air guns. The signature of these sources differs significantly from each other and depends on the parameters of their operation in each case. In addition, the streamer towing depth affects the resulting waveform. Typically, such a signature includes a primary source pulse, ghost waves reflected from the water-air surface from the source and from the receiver, secondary bubble pulsations, and possibly other oscillations associated with the characteristics of the source. The resulting complex signature, if it cannot be suppressed by processing, significantly reduces the resolution of the seismic images. Even now, during g high-resolution seismic data processing, it is usually not possible to completely effectively suppress the signature, which leads to the loss of the potential advantages of high-resolution seismic surveys and a decrease the quality of the resulting images. In this article we will go through some examples of data acquired with different types of sources and discuss approaches to suppressing noise waves contained in the resulting signature.
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Comparison of Processing Results of Magnetometric Data Using Magnetic Base Station and Gradiometer in Offshore Engineering Survey
Authors A.A. Shepelev and F.E. ZhilinSummaryMagnetic investigate in offshore engineering survey are performed in order to search for local magnetic anomalies which can be potentially dangerous during construction of oil and gas facilities site. Proposed technology includes using of magnetic base station in order to obtain high accuracy of observations of differential hydromagnetic surveys. Comparison of processing results of magnetometric field data using magnetic base station and only gradiometer are shown. The work performed in order to make it possible to achieve low values of the root-mean-square error of hydromagnetic survey. Guidelines were developed for changing the methodology for carrying out this type of work
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Electrical Resistivity Tomography of The Ore Heap
Authors V. V. Olenchenko, P.S. Osipova, A. S. Kalganov and A.V. ChekryzhovSummaryThe article shows the results of three-dimensional inversion of electrotomographic data obtained on the heap leach ore pile. The main purpose of the study has to identify filtration channels inside the heap, dry ore blocks and leaks through the waterproofing layer. The array of 3-D data was obtained from the 2-D dataset. 3D inversion was performed and sections and electrical resistivity maps were constructed. Anomalies of electrical resistivity associated with two filtration channels were identified. It is shown that low-permeability zones have formed under technological roads, which were detected by anomalies of increased electrical resistivity. They disturb fluids streaming. According to low electrical resistivity local anomalies, the position of leakage sites in the waterproofing layer has detected.
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Geophysical Signs of Placer Gold’s Sources in Kelbes-Zolotokitatsky Ore-Placer Cluster
Authors P.S. Osipova, V.V. Olenchenko and V.I. SamorukovSummaryThe paper presents the capabilities of the electrical resistivity tomography for determining the thickness of loose sediments and the topography of an alluvial placer bedrock. Particular attention pays to identifying induced polarization anomalies associated with zones of gold-sulfide mineralization in bedrocks. These zones are the primary sources of placer gold in the region.
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Possibilities and Results of Using the Combined Standing Wave Method (RAP) for Preliminary Assessment of the Geological Structure of Building Sites
Authors I. V. Zuykov and A. OzenSummaryThis article discusses the possibilities of using the express method for preliminary assessment of the geomechanical structure of construction sites - the combined method of standing waves (RAP). The above examples show the real results of work carried out on construction sites in Turkey and Russia. The results of comparison of the results of the RAP with other methods of geophysics are also presented. Comparison results show good convergence between RAP data and other methods. Based on the above examples, the authors conclude that the use of express methods of geophysics at the initial stage of engineering surveys will significantly increase the efficiency of research while generally reducing the time for performing engineering surveys.
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Landslide Slope Stability Estimation by The Geotechnical and Geophysical Data
Authors R.A. Shuvalova, S.B. Burlutsky, V.V. Glazunov and S.V. ZhdanovSummaryLandslides are one of the most dangerous geological processes, they make a threat to all engineering structures. The placement of any structure within the landslide leads to its activation. To design an engineering structures on the landslide slopes, the project’s designers are using the results of a complex engineering surveys, which are necessary for calculating the stability of soil masses, as well as assessing the risks of the development of landslide processes during the construction and operation of the engineering structures. Correct calculation of the landslide slopes stability requires a detailed study of structural features, as well as the research of soil properties within the landslide massif. Although the traditional methods used in engineering and geological surveys are accurate and constantly are being improved, they have one significant drawback - these methods are based on one-dimensional interpretation of drilling data and field methods for studying soils, which does not allow engineering and geological researches of heterogeneous landslide structures with the required detail. Moreover, steep landslide slopes make it difficult to conduct drilling operations, this creates additional difficulties in studying the structural features and identifying weakened zones in the landslide massif. In contrast to 1D methods of researching the slope by drilling wells and field methods of studying the strength properties of soils, modern 2D geophysical technologies allow getting a continuous section of a landslide slope showing the main structural elements of the landslide massif and localising zones of weakened rocks. In order to assess the significance of additional information about the structure of landslides, extracted using geophysical methods, for the value of slope stability, we performed calculations of the stability of the studied landslide slope both on the basis of engineering and geological survey data and taking into account additional geophysical information.
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Use of Hydrodynamic Characteristics of The Underground Water Flow for Processing Single Pumping Data
Authors S.N. Tagiltsev, V.S. Tagiltsev, S.V. Surganov and A.A. KurichenkoSummaryThe use of pumping data from single wells is limited by the impossibility of reliably determining the effective hydrodynamic radius of the experimental well and estimating the value of the piezoconductivity coefficient. When the dynamic level in the well is stabilized due to the interception of part of the natural flow of underground water, it becomes possible to estimate the size of the depression funnel using the value of the natural gradient and the value of the water conductivity of the aquifer. Based on the size of the conditional supply radius and the time of the onset of stabilization of the dynamic level in the well, it is possible to calculate the value of the piezoconductivity coefficient of the formation and estimate the value of the calculated radius of the experimental well.
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First Using of a Circular Electric Dipole on a Water Surface
Authors A. Zlobinskiy and V. PotapovSummaryGeo electromagnetic soundings with traditional sources on the sea and lakes are associated with screening problems due to the strong conductor - the water layer. At sea, CSEM (Controlled Source Electromagnetic Method) (Constable, Srnka, 2007; Constable, 2010) is actively used. However, CSEM is limited in its application to great depths (more than 1000 m), large distances between the source and the receiver (up to 15 km). CSEM is difficult to apply under ice. To overcome the problems of marine electrical prospecting and successful work at sea, we propose to apply the method of Vertical Current Sounding (VECS).
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Prospects for Predicting The Most Promising Ore-Bearing Areas Based on The Classification of Potential Fields
More LessSummaryThis article is aimed at studying new ways of forming predictive and prospecting models for the localization of ore objects. For this purpose, the text discusses the possibility of applying the classification technique of potential fields together with the transformation of the initial geophysical data, for further identification of the most interesting anomalous structures. Based on the results of studying the a priori information, the following transformations are performed: the division of the source maps into regional and local components, the calculation of the transformants of potential fields. Based on the identified identical features, the fields are classified using the Coscad 3D program, both for each field individually and for the combined model. As a result, a comprehensive analysis of the original and converted geoinformation is performed. The authors substantiate the patterns of distribution of the most interesting structures, draw conclusions about the prospects for the development of the method of classification of potential fields, when solving problems of interpretation of geophysical data.
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Application of Passive Seismics for Investigation of Karst Phenomena in the Historic Center of Kazan
By S.V. ShakuroSummaryGeophysical investigation of the ground conditions to a significant depth is rather complicated in urban environment. For one thing, it is often impossible to set up the seismic and geoelectrical arrays of sufficient length. The next problem is the high level of seismic and electromagnetic noise. This is why the karst investigations carried out at the small block, located in the historic center of Kazan city were based on geophysical data, obtained with various passive seismic techniques: Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio methodology (HVSR), Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves and Microtremors (MASW, MAM). Supplemented by drilling results, the HVSR methodology provided structural information for the subsurface, while MASW and MAM showed soil physical properties and their variations.
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Modeling Tar Sands with Conductive Layer
Authors V.A. Polikarpova and V.A. KulikovSummaryThe goal is to assess the possibilities of electrotomography for the study of heavy oil deposits. The main object of study is the largest tar sand deposit - Alberta (western province of Canada).There are some problems with the production of such oil: 1) Reservoir heterogeneity associated with interlayers of clays and shales. This is a significant obstacle to vertical vapor migration; 2) watercut zones. Based on this, the following tasks arise before the electrotomography: 1) Select tar sand layers and estimate their thickness; 2) Select the conductive horizons (clay, shale, water) that may be present in the oil-bearing strata. The assessment of the capabilities of electrotomography was carried out using simulation with subsequent inversion. Models were created to match the geological structure of the region (Alberta, Canada). Comparing the results of solving the inverse problem (inversion) with the starting model gives this estimate. In the process of modeling, a pole-dipole + dipole-dipole electrotomography unit was used.
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Control of The Process of Subsidence of The Earth's Surface by Monitoring Gravimetric Observations
Authors S.G. Bychkov, A.A. Simanov and V V KhokhlovaSummaryThe results of gravimetric studies conducted to ensure the safe development of the Verkhnekamskoye potash deposit are presented. Areas of technogenic decompression in the under-worked thickness are formed as a result of deformation of the rock mass above the mine workings. The identification of the technogenic component in the totality of the mapped anomalous objects is based on monitoring geophysical measurements. Based on gravimetric observations carried out with a certain periodicity, with subsequent processing and interpretation of dynamic gravity anomalies, it is possible to draw conclusions about the structure of the rock mass, the presence of decompressed zones and to trace their changes in time and space, to monitor the subsidence of the earth's surface. The developed technology of separation of decompressed zones into natural and man-made ones allows to increase the safety of operation of the Verkhnekamskoye field.
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Possibility of Using Surface Gravity Survey to Localize Erosional Truncation on Verkhnekamsk Potassium-Magnesium Salt Deposit
Authors V.A. Voroshilov and A.A. ZhukovSummaryThe article discusses about the possibility of gravity survey application as an ahead method to locate structural heterogeneities within productive strata of the Verkhnekamskoe potassium salt deposit. The study area is a geophysical polygon with a known anomalous geological structure in the form of erosional truncation in the salt roof. As a result of solving the direct gravity problem, it was found that a positive gravity anomaly should be expected in the place of erosional truncation. Field measurements allowed us to calculate the gravity field in the Bouguer reduction, which showed a strong correlation with the model field. The transform obtained using a 3D modification of the GEMD method best characterizes the local geological structure of the salt-mirror roof. In order to correctly solve the inverse structural problem, it is necessary to construct a petrophysical model of rock densities exiting to the saline mirror.
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Marine Electromagnetic Research for The Reconstruction of a Geoelectric Section of Azov Sea
Authors M.V. Abramov, M.G. Persova, G.M. Trigubovich and A.S. SverkunovSummaryTheoretical and experimental marine experiments were planned and conducted to estimate the resolution of the galvanic transmitter when exploring the geological structures to depths of 150–200m. The measurements were made from the surface of the water. Geoelectric models typical for Black and Azov seas were considered for theoretical research. There the experimental work was carried out later with galvanic transmitter.
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Experience in The Application of Ground-Penetrating Radar in The Cryolithozone at Oil and Gas Facilities
Authors D.V. Kopylov, S.Y. Yanin and M.R. SadurtdinovSummaryThe results obtained by the method of GPR as part of the engineering-geological surveys in areas of oil and gas industry, located in the permafrost zone. The presence of formation ice was determined by the characteristic reflection of electromagnetic waves on geo-radar sections. The presence of re-vein ice was determined from the intense diffracted waves under the body of the formation ice. The high efficiency of GPR at the stage of engineering and geological surveys when mapping dangerous engineering and geocryological processes is shown.
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Evaluation of Resolution of The Vertical and Horizontal Field Components in Airborne-TEM for The Search for Sub-Vertical Conducting and Polarizable Gold-Ore Objects
Authors A.A. Belaia, M.V. Abramov and G.M. TrigubovichSummaryOne of the main problems in exploration geophysics is the resolution of search technologies. At the same time, in order to obtain a high-quality geophysical forecast, it is very important to use modern data interpretation algorithms based on numerical modelling technology, which allow detailed reconstruction of the geometry and characteristics of objects. The article considers the assessment of the resolution of airborne-TEM when measuring the complex of vertical and horizontal components of the electromagnetic field with the A-150 helicopter system (JSC "AGR") to search for sub-vertical conducting and polarizable gold-ore objects.
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Electrical Prospecting for Ore Objects at Significant Depths
Authors A. Zlobinskiy and P. OsipovaSummaryWhen conducting electrical exploration onshore aimed at studying deep ore objects, traditional electrical exploration methods are usually used. Geophysicists most often use modifications of the TEM methods or methods aimed at studying the polarization of the environment. Both approaches have a number of disadvantages when working on deep objects. The polarizability of deep objects has little effect on the signals measured at the surface. And the TEM methods provide very poor information about 3D objects. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to use methods that are much more sensitive to three-dimensional disturbances, namely, such are the ore deposits in relation to the host environment. The most logical way out seems to be the use of methods based on vertical currents, for example, the VECS method. It is this approach that makes it possible to identify ore objects at great depths overlain by various rocks.
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The Separation of The IP and TEM Components in a Pulsed Inductive Ground and Airborne EM Surveys
Authors A. Belaya, A.V. Chernyshev, G.M. Trigubovich, A.V. Kuklin, P.V. Melnikov and M. Richer-LaflecheSummaryIt is shown that the separation of the resistive and polarizing components of the signal can be based on the use of different signal dependencies on the receiver/transmitter sizes or its geometry. So, IP signal is much stronger decreases in relation to the induction component with increasing size of the receiver in the center of the loop, or with offset increasing, or with increasing the height of the receiver in airborne surveys. Interpretation of signals from two different sizes or geometries of installations significantly reduces the equivalence and allows you to separate the resistive and polarizing modes of the signal more precisely. If there are no obvious signs of polarization, its presence can be determined only using double measurements, otherwise the signals can be erroneously interpreted. The results of experimental studies using systems with dual measurements are presented.
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Methodology of Badanin A.I. for The Production of Electrotomographic Studies in Engineering Surveys and Geotechnical Monitoring of Transport Ttunnels
Authors K.V. Romanevich, A.D. Basov, K.A. Dorokhin and O.V. BoykoSummaryAlexander Badanin worked in the research department of JSC NIPII Lenmetrogiprotrans from 2003 to 2019 as a senior researcher and his main activity was electrical exploration. During this time, he developed a non-standard methodology of electrotomographic observations, which was used both when working from the surface and in underground workings. A feature of this technique is a certain order of the supply and receiving groundings movement along the electrotomographic profile, which makes it possible to obtain an integral geoelectric section without using multi-electrode streamers and a large number of electrodes. This procedure allows to significantly reduce the time of field measurements and to quickly obtain 2D electrical tomography data for an initial assessment of geotechnical conditions and making a decision on the need to use more detailed methods of geophysics and geotechnics. Electrotomography according to this technique is a simplified version of the electrotomography (alternative electrotomography) and is distinguished by its mobility and less labor costs during field work. A clear advantage of the given express method in comparison with standard methods (using multichannel streamers) is large spacing, which allows, although roughly, but integral for a large rock mass, to estimate the distribution of electrical resistance in the section.
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Hazardous Geological Processes: Their Role in The Formation of The Sedimentary Cover of The Far Eastern Seas and Their Impact on The Economic Development of The Shelf
SummaryThe report presents the characteristics and spatial distribution of dangerous geological processes on the shelf, continental slope and in the near-slope area of the World Ocean in the Far East, within the economic zone of the Russian Federation. A classification of these processes is given, their attributes and methods of study are characterized, as well as their contribution to the formation of the modern appearance of the seabed and the distribution of bottom sediments. The issues of creating the Legend of the "Map of dangerous geological processes of the Far Eastern seas" at a scale of 1: 5,000,000 are discussed, and a model of the map itself will be presented. It is emphasized that the creation of such a map for the first time will help to more rationally approach the design of engineering facilities, including for the oil and gas industry, at the bottom of the Far Eastern seas
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Application of 3D Aeismic for Justification and Characterization of Geological and Geophysical Conditions in Mmining Geology
Authors A.N. Sirazhev, S.A. Istekova and R.G. TemirkhanovaSummaryThe article outlines application of seismic exploration in the field of mining geology in complex geological conditions of Kazakhstan. The justification and characterization of geological and geophysical conditions for experimental 3D seismic surveys implementation for the copper sandstones deposits of the Zhilandinsky group located in the Karaganda region of Central Kazakhstan are presented. The tasks are defined and the methodology of high-resolution 3D seismic survey is developed and tested. Special high-resolution 3D processing and interpretation helped to obtain high-quality seismic materials and to highlight the structural and tectonic structure of study areas, identifying and refining ore-controlling structures, detecting and deep mapping of tectonic faults, volumetric mapping of intrusive bodies. The main keystones during the modeling process based on the results of a comprehensive interpretation of three-dimensional seismic survey together with geological and geophysical data, which will significantly increase the reliability coefficient of forecasting ore deposits, are indicated.
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Analysis of The Results of Comparative Tests of Ground Penetrating Radar Equipment on The Experimental Section of The Highway
Authors A.M. Kulizhnikov and R.A. EreminSummaryThe results of comparative tests of various designs of georadars on an experimental section of a road are presented. Based on the results of comparative tests, an analysis of methods for determining the thickness of pavement layers, identifying signs and locating weakened zones is presented. The effective methods of work performance and the required designs of ground penetrating radar equipment have been determined.
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Application of 3D Modeling of Electromagnetic Sounding Data to Identify Zones of Sulfide Mineralization of Copper-Porphyry Type in The Territory of Northern Kazakhstan
Authors A.Y. Belova, M.S. Shkirya, M.G. Persova, A.P. Sivenkova, T.S. Shoykhonova and Y.A. DavydenkoSummaryImpulse electrical prospecting was used in prospecting and exploration work in the north of Kazakhstan to delineate hidden zones of sulfide mineralization of the copper-porphyry type. The main task of the work was aimed at studying the Kyzyl-Sor depression and delineating anomalous zones of sulfide mineralization. The way to solve this problem was the complex application of the apparatus for one-dimensional and three-dimensional modeling of electromagnetic sounding data. The abstracts provide a comparison of the simulation results with each other and their comparison with a priori geological information. Conclusions on the accuracy of 1D and 3D modeling are given. The conclusion is made about the presence or absence of sulfide mineralization directly under the Kyzyl-Sor depression itself.
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Geophysical Methods Within The Complex of Investigations Aimed at Studying Outburst Glacial Lakes on The Example of The Progress Lake (Larsemann Hills oasis, East Antarctica)
Authors S.D. Grigorieva, E.R. Kiniabaeva, M.R. Kuznetsova and M.P. KashkevichSummaryOutburst floods of glacial lakes are well-known in many regions of the Earth where alpine or cover glaciation takes place. Studying these phenomena remains relevant not only for purposes of fundamental science but also from the practical point of view due to their possible catastrophic consequences: destructive water streams and hidden water flow channels within the glacier bodies. In particular, such investigations are actual for ensuring the safety of logistic operations at the polar stations. Within this research, we show results of GPR and experimental self-potential method survey performed at the Progress Lake (Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica) during the field season of 2010/2020 and complemented with hydrological observations and UAV aerial photography. We conclude that an outburst flood does not happen rapidly, but is preceded by filtration of the water through the snow-ice dam. Growing humidity within the dam can be mapped due to the increasing amplitude of the electromagnetic wave and negative anomalies of the self-potential field.
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Experimental and Methodological Work to Identify Zones of Sulfide Mineralization of The Gold-Porphyry Type in Primorye
Authors S.A. Tereshkin, M.S. Shkirya, M.G. Persova, S.V. Yakovlev, P.G. Biryukov, A.A. Gilishev and Yu.A. DavydenkoSummaryImpulse electrical prospecting was used during prospecting and exploration work in Primorye near the Krasny deposit to search for gold-porphyry ore bodies with a magical mineralization. The main task of the work was aimed at a detailed study of the area near the quarry. The way to solve this problem was the complex application of the apparatus for one-dimensional and three-dimensional modeling of electromagnetic sounding data. The abstracts compare the simulation results with each other. The efficiency of grounding the generator line feed electrodes directly into ore bodies with an increased concentration of sulfide mineralization is substantiated to obtain a high-quality signal. It is concluded that 3D inversion is more efficient than 1D inversion for searches for vertically oriented bodies.
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The possibilities of geometric 3-D inversion for processing the UAV-TDEM data
Authors M.G. Persova, Yu.G. Soloveichik, D.V. Vagin, A.P. Sivenkova, A.S. Kiseleva and M.G. TokarevaSummaryThe article is devoted to the assessment of the possibilities of using geometric 3D inversions of electromagnetic time domain data measured by induction receivers moved using UAVs (UAV-TDEM). The electromagnetic field is excited by a long grounded electrical line, and the survey is carried out over profiles parallel to it. The geometric 3D inversion proposed for use was developed for processing airborne electrical survey data using helicopter platforms and is based on a joint search for electrophysical and geometric parameters of a geoelectric model using block structures. The study of geometric 3D inversion workability is carried out on synthetic data generated for a geoelectric model containing local targets at different depths overlapped by inhomogeneous conductive layer. Modeling is carried out taking into account the characteristics of the UAV system, obtained on the basis of analysis of practical data measured in one of the areas of Eastern Siberia. The results obtained showed that, on the one hand, the considered UAV-TDEM technology with a source in the form of a grounded electrical line makes it possible to detect local objects at depths of up to 100 m (and, possible, more) even in conditions of a heterogeneous and sufficiently conductive overburden layers. On the other hand, the considered approach to geometric 3D inversion makes it possible to stably determine the position in plan and the depth of local objects for the UAV-TDEM technology.
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High Space Density Time-Domain Electromagnetic Scanning for Ore and Engineering Exploration
Authors A. Belaya, A.V. Kuklin, G.M. Trigubovich and A.V. ChernyshevSummaryDescription of High Space Density Time-Domain electromagnetic (EM-HSDTD) technology, based on transient electromagnetic method (TEM), performed in movement is provided. EM-HSDTD is used in solution of different geology-engineering tasks with depth up to 200 meters. Due to highest measuring points density EM-HSDTD technology provides both high accuracy of TEM signals registration and continuous imaging of geological medium. Examples of the EM-HSDTD usage in solving engineering and ore problems are given.
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Development of Scenarios for The Use of a Multi-Agent Complex of Robotic Systems in Tasks of Operational Oceanography
Authors R.O. Morozov, A.M. Maevskiy and A.E. GorelyiSummaryThe challenges of modern oceanography are complex and multifaceted. The task of synthesizing a universal apparatus that would cope with all the difficulties is extremely difficult. For an optimal solution to the problems facing this area, it is necessary to use multi-agent complexes of robotic systems. As a result of the analysis of the available devices, their functions, the tasks they perform, as well as highlighting the patterns of their use, we have proposed two typical scenarios for the use of a multi-agent complex. The existing backlog of NPP PT Okeanos JSC, as well as many years of experience in the development and operation of marine robotic systems allow developers to be confident that with the proper level of support from potential customers, the application concepts described by the authors are feasible in practical realities, and not only on paper and the results of theoretical calculations.
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Geophysical Methods in The Study of The Ancient Metallurgical Complex in The Western Baikal Region (Section Barun-Khal II)
Authors S.Yu. Davydenko, Yu.A. Davydenko, A.Yu. Davydenko, A.V. Parshin, S.A. Tereshkin and S.V. SnopkovSummaryIn 1977, on the western coast of Lake Baikal, near the village of Shara-Togot, Olkhon region, a monument to the ancient metallurgy of iron Barun-Khal II was unveiled. According to the radiocarbon method, the age of the monument is 2180-1750 years. The area, promising for the detection of objects related to ancient metallurgical centers, is quite large, several tens of kilometers in length and several kilometers in width. In this regard, the search for new archaeological sites by traditional methods is difficult. A possible way to optimize searches, as well as study archaeological sites without excavating them, are geophysical methods - magnetic prospecting and electrical prospecting. In this case, surveys were carried out on the reference object by methods of ground and UAV magnetic prospecting and electrical prospecting. Also, modern 3D-inversion of magnetic and electromagnetic imaging was performed. This made it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of each of the methods, to compare the reliability and information content of the observed data and the resulting 3D models of the hidden object. In this work, on the example of one of the objects of the Barun-Khal II monument, the results of a complex of geophysical research are analyzed, including ground and UAV-magnetic surveys, electrotomography (Skala-64 equipment).
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Analysis of Opportunities Spectral Method for Processing Hydromagnetic Survey
Authors K. Kuznetsov, I. Lygin, A. Bulychev and E. KiryukhinaSummaryMagnetic surveys are commonly used for solving variety of geotechnical and geological challenges in offshore areas, jointly with a set of other geophysical methods. The most popular technique employed is differential hydromagnetic surveying with towed magnetometers. This topic is dedicated to analysis of approach for deriving magnetic anomalies and accounting for diurnal variations in differential hydromagnetic surveys based on the frequency (spectral) representation of the measurements. Estimates made on model examples showed that accuracy of the field reconstruction using this method is comparable to the accuracy levels of modern marine magnetic surveys (±1-3 nT).
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Improving The Technology of Mine Seismic Exploration
Authors A.M. Prigara, V.A. Voroshilov, A.A. Zhukov, R.I. Tsarev and I.Yu. PushkarevaSummaryThe article describes software solutions that improve and accelerate both the process of field operations by the SWSR method and the stage of seismic data processing. The developed EJ program controls the TELLS-3 data acquisition software, allows keeping the field log, saving the geometry and features of the survey system. The FastMineProc program designed to calculate geometry using the information from the tables created by the EJ program and to perform express processing of data by the SWSR method. The main feature of the program is the presence of two specific procedures - the separation of reflections and the combination of sections for the upper and lower half-spaces into a combined section. Further developments will be aimed at obtaining a consolidated depth section directly during field works.
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Magnetic and GPR Survey of The Belousovsky Copper Mine of The Bronze Age, Kargalinsky Mining and Metallurgical Center (Orenburg Region)
Authors V.V. Noskevich, N.V. Fedorova and L.A. MuravyevSummaryThe paper presents the results of micromagnetic and georadar surveys at quarry of the Belousovsky mine. As a result of geophysical studies, it was revealed that local positive magnetic anomalies are observed along the sides of the ancient quarry of the Belousovsky mine. These anomalies are associated with soils excavated from the quarry. According to the GPR data, the bottom topography of the ancient quarry was determined during its operation in the Bronze Age, and a three-dimensional model of the mine was built. Based on the results of the study, it is possible to estimate the number of excavated soils and the amount of ore mined. GPR, micromagnetic survey, Belousovsky copper mine, Bronze Age
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Seismic-Density Fault-Block Model of Lithosphere Upper Part of The South Kara Depression Along Geotraverse 3-AR
Authors V.S. Druzhinin, N.I. Nachapkin, V.Yu. Osipov and L.A. MuravyevSummaryFor the first time, a fault-block seismic-geo-density model of the upper part of the lithosphere was compiled along the DSS 3-AR profile in the region of the southern segment of the Kara depression (69.5°-75.5°N; 54°-78°E). The heterogeneity of the crystalline crust deep structure has been established; the southern part of the geotraverse differs significantly from the northern part. A conclusion is made about the northern limit of the Ural fold system in the latitude interval 71.5°-72°. A transitional layer with a thickness of 4 to 9 km was distinguished between the lower crust and the upper mantle.
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Ice Activity Effects in The Seabed Relief in The Eastern Part of The Barents Sea
Authors N.A. Shumskaya, A.P. Demonov, A.N. Prokin and A.G. RoslyakovSummaryThe purpose of the abstract is to study the forms of meso-and microrelief formed as a result of glacial activity. Mapping of the seabed relief was made with the multibeam echosounder. Relict landforms of glacial genesis formed at the early stages of ice cover degradation (both accumulative and erosion), as well as those formed in subaqueous conditions under the impact of icebergs, were considered.
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Experience of Using UAV Photogrammetry in Archeology Tasks
Authors E.V. Balkov, Y.G. Karin, O.A. Pozdnyakova and D.A GoglevSummaryUsing the example of the archaeological sites Aul-Koshkul-1 and Novaya Kurya 1, located in the Novosibirsk region, the effectiveness of aerial photography from a UAV is shown when archaeological objects are weakly expressed in the relief. An effective method for obtaining maps of the relative heights of the day surface is described, which made it possible to identify new archaeological objects on the territory of the studied sites.
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Forecasting Changes in The Water Level in The River Based on Long-Term Observations of Influencing Factors
Authors V.L. Shapovalov, A.V. Morozov, D.R. Tagirova and V.A. YavnaSummaryThe paper presents the results of a long-term analysis of various factors affecting changes in the hydrological situation in the river bed. To create a predictive model, the obtained dependencies were used, which make it possible to predict with high accuracy the change in the water level in various meteorological conditions. The results of the forecast can be used to prevent emergencies arising at transport infrastructure facilities located in close proximity to river beds.
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Development of Geological Hazards Ranking System on The Arctic Shelf
Authors O.V. Erzh, L.S. Chepigo, A.G. Roslyakov, A.P. Demonov and D.I. DamyanovichSummaryThe purpose of this abstract is to develop a ranking system for assessing geological risks the during construction and operation of oil and gas wells on the Arctic shelf using machine learning algorithms. In the course of the work, two statements of the methodology of the geological hazard ranking system were considered - as a regression problem and as a classification problem, the quality of the algorithms was compared, the optimal algorithm was selected for ranking geological hazards according to the degree of risk.
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GPR Method for Studying The Drainage Properties of Sands
More LessSummaryGPR technology was developed and applied to study water drainage in structural layers of sand, prepared for compaction during the construction of the roadbed. The performed measurements and calculations demonstrate the ability to determine the drainage properties of sands and the redistribution of water along the depth of the layer depending on time.
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Features of Acoustic Emission Caused by Gas Filtration Through Highly Permeable Porous Media
Authors E.A. Marfin, M.N. Ovchinnikov, A.A. Abdrashitov, E.A. Plakhova and A.R. GalimzyanovaSummaryMechanical loading and filtration of fluids in porous media leads to acoustic emission. The spectra of such signals depend on the loading mode and the physical properties of porous media. In this work, we investigated the acoustic emission spectra of highly permeable porous samples during filtration through air. The characteristic features of the obtained spectra have been established. In particular, it was shown that the recorded noise signal at low Re numbers consists of individual pulses with a duration of about 25 ms, uniformly distributed in frequency. With an increase in the filtration rate, these pulses are concentrated near the characteristic peaks, which is what determines the final spectrum of the porous sample. The obtained new experimental data can be used in the development of a unified theory of noise generation in saturated porous media.
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Investigation of a Potash-Magnesium Salt Deposit to Refine The Geological Structure Using Innovative CSPD and RTH Methods
Authors S.A. Shevchenko, G.N. Erokhin and E.V. AnokhinaSummaryThe deposits of the Upper Permian halogen formation are weak scattering objects. Therefore, it is especially important for delineating ore bodies to use technologies that allow you to accurately identify such zones. The complex interpretation of the seismic data processed using the innovative RTH method, reflected and scattered waves obtained using the CSPD method is performed. As a result, the geological structure was refined to track the areal distribution of the polygalite mineralization layer and to predict possible local structures.
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Engineering-Geological Interpretation of The Acoustic Structure of The Diamicton Strata of The Barents Sea Shelf
Authors S.I. Rokos, S.N. Kulikov, V.A. Skurikhin and P.V. SokolovSummaryDiamictons are mainly massive clay-silty clay with coarse-grained inclusions. There are two types of sections of diamicton formations in considered region. The first type is composed of overconsolidated stiff to hard soils. These formations have a ripple-mottled acoustic structure on shallow seismic time sections. Normally consolidated sediments represent the second type. In the upper part of sections there are very soft to soft varieties, which are gradually replaced with depth by firm, and then by stiff to very stiff ones. The similar deposits have an acoustically transparent structure. It is assumed, that these are Upper Neopleistocenian and Lower-Middle Neopleistocenian marine, glacial-marine sediments. Overconsolidated sections were formed by younger glacier pressure. The mottled acoustic structure of overconsolidated sediments is due to reorientation of particles and mineral aggregates under the pressure of the glacier, as well as an increase in the concentration of coarse-grained inclusions due to a decrease in the total volume of the soil mass as a result of compression. Normally consolidated sediments are developed in areas that were not covered by a glacier, or where it did not touch the bed with its bottom. Due to this, the described soils avoided overconsolidation and retained their original acoustically transparent structure.
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