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Fourth EAGE Workshop on Unconventional Resources
- Conference date: December 1-2, 2022
- Location: Bogotá, Colombia
- Published: 01 December 2022
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The Impact of Stimulation Treatment Size on Ultimate Recovery From the Hydraulically Fractured Shale Gas Wells
More LessAuthors D.A. Arias Ortiz and T.W. PatzekSummaryShale gas reservoirs are key to extending a high rate of methane production by a few more decades. Massive stimulation jobs have been developed to produce gas at economic rates. However, optimal design of stimulation and horizontal drilling is challenging due to the unique reservoir conditions. The large stimulation jobs may generate the geometrically complex hydraulic fracture networks that limit gas production. Given importance of mudrock reservoirs, accurately estimating ultimate recovery (EUR) is critical. Here, we study the impacts of the massive hydraulic fracturing jobs on the physics-based scaling curve forecasts. We compare reservoir simulations with varying stimulation job sizes. Also, we incorporate idealized hydraulic fracture geometries into a commercial reservoir simulator and compare the resulting generalized scaling curves. Results show that massive stimulation treatments may not always result in an effective mudrock play development. Additionally, our reservoir simulations reveal a numerical justification for the large fracturing jobs and the unexpected gas production. Finally, we confirm the theoretical predictive power of the scaling curve method.
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Practical Methodology for Characterizing Unconventional Plays using Conventional Logs, Cores and Cuttings Analysis: A Case Study
More LessAuthors D. Criollo, M. Fam, Y.F. Hernández, A.M. López and C. ZafraSummaryA practical methodology for characterizing unconventional plays is recommended in the exploration phase based on conventional logs, geochemical data and geomechanical analysis.
The methodology consists of the lithological characterization of the formation to determine the mineralogical composition as well as the type of Shale, either with a predominance of carbonates, quartz or clays. Subsequently, the total organic carbon (TOC) is estimated using various methods and verified by the pyrolysis analysis to determine the potential hydrocarbons. Then, the total porosity (PHIT) is calculated by removing the effect that organic matter in each nuclear log. The volume of clay (Vclay) is estimated using the uranium-free spectral gamma ray logs, indicating alternatives in case spectral gamma ray is not available. After that, the total rock is modeled from a multimineral petrophysical analysis, entering TOC, PHIT and Vclay as input data and calculating the volume of minerals and fluids to characterize the rock.
Finally, the rock brittleness index is estimated to identify the best zones suitable to fracture. The main objective of this characterization that includes petrophysics, geochemistry and geomechanics is to determine the best potential hydrocarbon zones, sometimes called “Sweet Spots” which also help in determining the landing zone for future horizontal wells.
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Upper Cretaceous Source Rocks of the Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia: Basin Modeling as an Unconventional Play
More LessAuthors A. Pastor-Chacon, J. Triana, R. Aguilera, M. Cantisano, N. Gamba, L. Bravo, M. Niño, M. Paez, A. Delgado, J. Rodriguez, G. Mendoza, O. Romero, H. Fuenzalida, M. Ruiz and H. BuitragoSummaryThis study intends to give insights into the geological parameters of the sweet spots in an unconventional play in Cretaceous source rocks in the Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia. This work integrates new data from outcrops, seismic interpretation, well-log correlations, facies analysis, fracture pattern and pore pressure analysis, organic geochemistry, XRD, heat flow, and petrophysical data in a 3D basin model. We conclude that unconventionals sweet spots are mainly controlled by porosity, thermal maturity, gas-oil ratios (GOR), and volumes of retained oil and gas. Our findings will help identify potential unconventional trends and exploration opportunities in the MMV Basin.
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Natural Radionuclides Behavior into Synthetic Flowbacks From the Middle Magdalena Valley Basin (Colombia)
More LessAuthors R. Echavez, H. Villamil, J. Rueda, J. Usuriaga, J. Cardenas and E. PerezSummaryThe development of exploration in unconventional resources in Colombia has been an important advance in the hydrocarbons industry in this country, however, there are a lot of aspects to evaluate for an exploitation efficient and safe, one of this is the natural radioactivity, represented by the Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) presents in crust rocks since earth formation. Typically, all rocks contain both U-238 and Th-232 decay series, generating other radioisotopes associated according to the decay mode (alpha or beta). This project allows to demonstrate a better understanding of the activity concentration of the main natural radionuclides presents (U-238 and Th-232 decays), entrenching the previous studies and give an important value to build the first radiological modeling in this basin. Also, this research showed low doses and low activity concentrations of NORM, however, the results of multi elemental composition showed a high variability in the geological conditions and geochemical interaction which are very interesting and require a continuous monitoring at the basin. Finally, all results can be used as a tool to improve the way to radiological monitoring in oil & gas industry in Colombia and an apport to the evaluation of the care to health and environmental.
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Production Forecasts of a Colombian Unconventional Reservoir Development in Middle Magdalena Valley Basin Using Decline Models
More LessSummaryThe objective of this article is to evaluate empirical methods of decline curves, in order to forecast the production of a Tight oil source rock reservoir, located in the Middle Magdalena Valley basin, based on petrophysical parameters and fluid properties. The empirical models used in the evaluation are the decline curve models proposed by ARPS, such as: exponential decline, hyperbolic decline and harmonic decline, also other models were used based on the ARPS compilation, proposing more accurate mathematical models such as the Power Law Exponential Decline (PLE) model, Duong Model and the Modifiel Fracture Flow (MFF). A description and comparison of each model is provided, where finally each of the models was evaluated in the shale case study. The methodological development allowed concluding which are the models with the best production fit and that the reservoir located in the Middle Magdalena Valley basin has production potential.
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Integrated Geosciences and Engineering Driven Completion and Frac Design Optimization for Multi-lateral Well Pads
More LessAuthors X. Li and M. ParyaniSummaryA multidisciplinary and integrated geoengineering workflow is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of costly trial-and-error approach for completion and frac design optimization in multi-lateral well pads. The predictive power of resulting models are constrained and validated by geophysical, geological, geomechanical, hydraulic fracture, and production data at each step in the workflow. Thus, different completion design schemes and hydraulic fracturing scenarios can be effectively evaluated and compared based on production and economic profiles. The predictive models can be further applied to tackle the well interferences between laterals to mitigate frac hits while maximizing SRV and conductivity.
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