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Geoinformatics
- Conference date: May 11-14, 2021
- Location: Online
- Published: 11 May 2021
1 - 100 of 154 results
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Groundwater flow studies by EM and GPR methods for landslide zones prediction
Authors S. P. Levashov and D. BozhezhaSummaryThe results of geophysical investigations within zone of development of landslide processes are given. The areas of underground water flows and increased soil moistening are effectively mapped by area survey by method of forming of short-pulsed electromagnetic field (FSPEF). The methods of vertical electric-resonance sounding (VERS) and GPR- sounding allow to determine the depths of bedding of moistening zones, underground water flows, suffusion cavities, karst cavities. This complex of geophysical methods can be used effectively for the operative monitoring and prediction for natural and man-caused dangerous phenomenon’s and processes, that are connected with landslides, karsts depressions, flashes and suffusion removal of grounds. At the site of work are detected and mapped zones of underground flows and increased soil moistening that allows the engineering team to develop effective solutions to prevent landslide processes in the area of the H9 highway (Lviv – Mukacheve).
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Research of the state of lake systems in Volyn region with the use of satellite images
Authors V. K. Khilchevskyi, M. P. Pasichnyk, L. V. Ilyin, M. R. Zabokrytska and O. V. IlyinaSummaryReduction of the lake’s water area, shallowing, overgrowing and transformation of the lake into a swamp is a natural process stretched over time (thousands of years). Satellite images and Earth remote sensing are used to monitor the state of lake systems. Satellite images were used for virtual reconnaissance of the lakes of the Volyn region for preliminary identification of changes in the water area of the lakes and the coastal territory, followed by in-depth research by expeditionary route. Studies carried out on the territory of Volyn show that many lakes in the region are characterized by a general tendency towards a more intense decrease in morphometric parameters (decrease in the area of the water surface by 30–46% over 90 years), which is associated with anthropogenic impact (primarily with drainage reclamation).
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Criteria for identification of landslides in the upper Prut river basin on satellite images
More LessSummaryA research is proposed to find methodological approaches to identify the main criteria for identifying landslides in the upper Prut River basin (Ukrainian Carpathians) in satellite images. The study of landslides was conducted in the upper part of the Prut River basin, in particular in the Carpathian National Nature Park (Ivano-Frankivsk region, Ukraine). The most surveyed areas were within the settlements of Vorokhta, Tatariv, Mykulychyn and Yaremche. In general, the landslides of the south-eastern part of the Carpathians are not significant in size.
According to the results of complex processing of space images by GoogleEarth, Landsat and field research, the regularities of the spread of dangerous exogenous processes and their connection with the local features of the river network and channel were revealed. Analytical and cartographic research has revealed the main criteria for identifying landslides on the maps of the spatial distribution of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Normalized Difference Moisture Index. The conducted researches can be a basis of development of low-cost and reliable prognostic models of dangerous geomorphological processes in local territories.
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Railway retaining walls under dynamic loading in the Carpathians foothill
Authors V. Shokarev, I. Syvko, E. Shokarev, A. Shokarev and M. YakovenkoSummaryFor last 20–30 years, the speed of movement on the railways was increased to 500–600 km/h. This requires a high level of reliability of all elements of the chain “locomotive - train - railways - retaining walls, in particular”. For the proper management of the railway structures it is important to detect deformations of the structures at an early stage. The aim of the report is to develop a nondestructive inspection method for the condition rating of the existing retaining walls. To determine the dynamic and physical-mechanical characteristics of the retaining wall its complex inspection was performed. External factors of dynamic effects on the retaining wall are the following: alternating microseismic effects of natural character caused by the location of the inspected object in the seismic zone of the Carpathians foothill (Vrancea zone); alternating dynamic effects caused by movement of trains on the inspected area of the railway. Microseismic ground vibrations occur constantly and have variable character both by direction and intensity. Registered vibrate-acceleration maximum amplitude of the retaining wall under the influence of micro-seismic vibrations and moving trains does not exceed 0.004 m/c2. The results of calculations show the corresponding natural frequency oscillations - 9.46 Hz. The difference with the experimentally registered frequency is 1.46 Hz.
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Regional features of heavy metals distribution in bottom sediments and surface water within river basins in Ukraine
By N. LyutaSummaryGIS analysis of large amount spatial information on the chemical composition of bottom sediments and surface waters made it possible to determine the background content of lead, zinc and copper, as well as to establish patterns of their distribution within Ukraine river basins and sub-basins. Available data made it possible to determine the approximate coefficients of water migration of the metals. It was found that the variation range of the background metal content in bottom sediments in different river basins is 3.75–6.67 times. At the same time, for surface waters, this indicator is much higher - 38.5–88 times. The chemical composition of bottom sediments reflects the chemical composition of soils in catchment areas. Оn the contrary, the surface water chemical composition depends on a lot of factors. Analysis of the content of metals in water and bottom sediments of lowland rivers showed the presence of a relationship between them, while for mountain rivers there is no correlation, which is associated with the priority of hydrodynamic factors (rapid water exchange) in the formation of the water qualitative composition of the latters. The results obtained can be used for regional assessments of water bodies’ quality status and for information support for natural waters monitoring.
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Geoinformation model cause-effect analysis of anthropogenic impact in the Podilsko-Prydniprovskyi region
Authors V. Samoilenko, L. Bilous, O. Havrylenko and I. DibrovaSummaryGeoinformation model cause-effect analysis of anthropogenic impact on physic-geographic taxons was performed in the Podilsko-Prydniprovskyi region. The analysis applied modern spatial data bases and a progressive model scheme for cumulative distribution of land use and/or land cover (LULC) systems in taxons. The scheme operates with 10 types of this distribution and the relevant 10 categories of anthropogenic impact intensity from weak to excessively strong. The geoinformation implementation of the scheme verified that 65% of the 31 regional districts fall under the high-categorical strong anthropogenic impact and only in one district such impact is moderate-strong. This is due to the fact that geo-negative LULC systems, primarily non-forest and broad‐leaved forest tilled systems with various slope, form more than 90% of the regional area. Instead, environmentally favourable systems, first of all broad‐leaved forests, cover only 9% of this area. The obtained methodological and applied results can be used in regional schemes and projects to optimize the environmental management and substantiate urgent environmental protection measures.
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Geoinformation support for urban green space planning in the conditions of climate change (by the case of Kyiv)
Authors O. Havrylenko, Ye. Tsyhanok, P. Shyshchenko, V. Samoilenko and L. BilousSummaryThe goal of this study is to find the locations of critical deficiency or absence of urban green space (UGS) in Kyiv in order to determine the locations of priority UGS planning and mitigate climate change effects. To achieve this goal, we found actual UGS areas within Kyiv limits, analysed their spatial distribution and calculated the greenery levels in each of the ten districts in the capital. Using QGIS tools, we calculated the geometric UGS characteristics and processed 3,548 contours within city limits. Based on own calculations, we built a map chart of Kyiv UGS and filled it in with relevant information. Since the UGS distribution in different Kyiv districts is very uneven, a significant indictor of protection of inhabitants from adverse climate change effects is the population density and size with respect to the greenery level. Then we also found the average UGS provision per person and detected significant differences even in some neighbouring districts. By comparing the results of calculating the greenery level and the provision of green spaces with the location of heat islands in Kyiv, we obtained precise sites of critical exposure of population to climate change effects. The map chart that was built based on these data can serve as a guide for priority UGS planning to protect Kyiv inhabitants from heat waves and heat stress.
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Modeling of oil filtration processes around horizontal wells in hard reaching anisotropic reservoirs
By M. LubkovSummaryOn the base of combined finite element - difference method, we carried out computer modeling of filtration processes around horizontal producing wells in anisotropic hard reaching oil reservoirs. According to obtained data analysis, for effective exploitation of anisotropic hard reaching oil reservoirs, it is necessary to install horizontal production wells in areas with relatively low anisotropy of the reservoir permeability, to avoid places with the presence of shear permeability of the oil reservoir. The most effective arrangement of horizontal producing wells in anisotropic reservoirs is their diagonal location relatively reservoir anisotropy axes. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out a systematic analysis of the surrounding anisotropy of the oil reservoirs in order to place a horizontal well in such a way that would provide an effective dynamics of filtration processes around the well. That is, on the one hand, there was no blocking of oil from the side of reduced permeability, another hand, there was no rapid depletion of the reservoir from the side of increased permeability, at that equable access of oil to the producing well from all possible directions was ensured.
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Modeling of gas filtration around horizontal wells in anisotropic hard reaching reservoirs
Authors M. Lubkov and O. ZaharchukSummaryOn the base of combined finite element - difference method, we carried out computer modeling of filtration processes near horizontal producing wells in anisotropic hard reaching gas reservoirs. The modeling results show for effective exploitation of anisotropic hard reaching gas reservoirs, it is necessary to install horizontal production wells in areas with relatively low permeable anisotropy of the reservoir, to avoid places with presence of shear reservoir permeability. At the installation of horizontal wells in anisotropic hard reaching gas reservoirs, the diagonal arrangement relatively axes of reservoir anisotropy is the most effective. It is necessary to carry out an elaborated analysis of the surrounding anisotropy of the gas reservoir in order such horizontally placement of the well in reservoir, which would provide an intensive filtration process around the well. That is, on the one hand there was no blocking of the gas from the side of reduced reservoir permeability, another hand there was no rapid depletion of the reservoir from the side of increased permeability and free access of gas to the well from all possible directions must be provided.
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Geodynamics and forecast of landslide geosystems of Ukraine (by the example of the western region)
More LessSummaryThe approach, which allows us to solve the problem of calculating technogenic environmental safety and engineering measures for landslide prevention in terms of systematic approach and modeling, has been introduced by the example of the territory of the Western region.
Regularities of the development of landslide processes within the south-western outskirts of the East European platform, the Carpathian folded region, the Pre-Carpathian and Transcarpathian depressions have been considered.
The monitoring system of the geological environment of the western region of Ukraine has been substantiated and partially implemented. It includes the following subsystems: observation; forecast assessment of regularities of geological environment dynamics in connection with the development of geological processes; assessment of the impact of various conditions and factors, and creation of an information system for the geological environment monitoring; creation of managerial models or managerial decision-making; control of managerial decisions.
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Classification of cartographic geoimages as a component of geoinformation builder
By T. M. KurachSummaryWith the increase in the number and variety of types of geoimages and the possibility of their design there is a problem of choosing the optimal type. One of the solutions for effective modelling of geoimages with given properties is to create an interactive system for designing geoimages. On the way to its implementation, one of the methodological issues is the creation of a classification of geoimages, in particular, cartographic. To describe the set of cartographic geoimages, we select objects, indicate their constituent elements and properties on the basis of which the features of classification groups of systematization are created. In addition to maps, cartographic geoimages also include plans, cartograms, mosaic cartogram, and others. To form a classification system, the properties of cartographic geoimages are studied and a system of features is developed. Among the properties are taken into account: 1) spatio-temporal similarity; 2) semantic compliance; 3) abstractness; 4) selectivity; 5) syntheticity; 6) metrics; 7) unambiguity; 8) continuity; 9) clarity; 10) readability; 11) visibility; 12) high informativeness. Based on the composition of elements and properties of maps, many objects of classification of cartographic geoimages are determined and the system of features (basics of classification) is expanded. The main classification features include those related to the cartographic image: the method of scientific research, subject (content), degree of reduction, spatial coverage, temporal correspondence, purpose, degree of schematization, degree of formalization, degree of objectivity. The features that apply to the whole work as a whole include: image form, method of use, design, method of manufacture, language of publication, storage media, format, breadth of the topic. On the basis of the formed system of classification features the classification of cartographic geoimages is developed.
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Geopolariton tomography (gpts) hardware and software platform for study of earth’s deep structure
Authors S. I. Prokopenko, Yu. A. Bogdanov, O. O. Vodopianov and X. ChenSummaryThe hardware part of the GPTS platform is represented by a passive remote geophysical scanner DSF16C and the software products Points Remover, DSF16, LSpectr, MODE for data processing and interpretation. The platform provides profiling of speed (material) sections and their geometric representation. The field of application is the study of the Earth’s deep structure. The method of estimating of the dynamic states of rock massifs allows estimating the resource of deposits at large depths and signs of replenishment of reserves even at the stage of selection of promising areas, as well as in previously identified deposits, until signs of their activity decrease appear to prevent reduction of their oil recovery.
A fundamentally new data processing algorithm simultaneously evaluates all geodynamic processes (stress-strain state, state of rupture disorders in all complexes and a complex system of their interactions), taking into account the activity indicators of the Earth’s natural electromagnetic field.
It is possible to install the scanner on any mobile carrier: UAV, ship, aircraft, car.
Stress-strain state of rocks, energy of elastic natural vibration of the Earth’s core, geopolariton tomography technology (GPTS).
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Systematization of cadastral data on the Nikolaevskii scheelite mineralization (Right-Bank Region of the Ukrainian Shield)
By S. P. LashkoSummaryThe generalization and cadastral systematization of data on the Nikolaevskii manifestation of scheelite mineralization (Right-Bank Region of the Ukrainian Shield) were made. The cadastral data regarding the Nikolaevskii wolframite mineralization are grouped in four tables. In total, 43 cadastral attributes are determined: 11 cadastral attributes – in relation to spatial characteristics of mineralization; 18 cadastral attributes – in relation to geochemical peculiarities; 9 cadastral attributes – in relation to mineralogical description of scheelites; 5 cadastral attributes – in relation to chemical and X-ray identification of scheelites. The peculiarities of the scheelite mineralization of the Nikolaevskii area: 1) localization in the rocks of the Zelenorichenska suite of the Ingulo-Inguletsk series (Lower Proterozoic); 2) linear-lenticular form of tungsten anomalies and zonal character of anomalies of small metals; 3) direct correlation of tungsten with CaO and Na2O in rocks; 4) presence of transverse zonality of mineralization – W, (Mo, Bi), Ag, (V, Cu, Sn), Zn; 5) stratiform sulfide-scheelite with molybdenite type of mineralization; 6) practically pure composition of scheelite individuals (no impurities); 7) association with pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite, magnetite, apatite, leucoxene; 8) removal of barium from tungsten-bearing zones and surrounding areas.
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Modeling of geological features and hydrocarbon potential of the Maikop series of Black sea-Crimea region
Authors V. A. Mykhailov and O. V. HrinchenkoSummaryGeological structure and composition of the Maikop series as well as geochemical and petrophysical properties of the Maikop series clay rocks of the southern margin of the East European Platform are considered. The sections of the Maikop series of Black Sea and the Crimean region, including the north-western area of the Black Sea shelf (wells Arkhangelsk-21, Golitsyn-1, 6, 7, 9, 12, 28); the central part of the Crimean peninsula (Dzhankojsk-1); the Kerch Peninsula (Fontanovsk-6, 12); the Azov Sea shelf (Nord-Kazantip-3); Near-Kerch area of the Black Sea shelf (Subbotin-1) are described. Comparative analysis is made between the Maikop series depositions that occur in following regions – the Kerch-Taman trough, the eastern part of the Black Sea, the Indol-Kuban Trough, West, Central and East Caucasus, the Middle Caspian, West Azerbaijan, South-Caspian depression.
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Application of Geoinformation Technologies for Implementation of the Concept of Ecosystem Services in Ukraine
Authors M. Prykhodko, V. Romaniuk, D. Kukhtar, I. Bodnaruk and S. VyrstaSummaryThe concept of ecosystem services is based on the need of co-evolutionary development of ecological and economic components. It is reflected in the national policy and legislation of many countries, it has become the foundation for a number of international agreements and it is included in the summary documents of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development “Rio+20”. The European Biodiversity Strategy requires all EU member-countries to establish and assess the ecosystems with their services at the national level, as well as to integrate the obtained results into the overall system of ecological-economic calculations. In Ukraine, the ecosystem approach should be implemented in territorial management, while the Ukrainian legislation should be harmonized with the European one in this sphere. The application of geoinformation technologies plays an important role in implementing the concept of ecosystem services. The goal of the given research work is identifying and characterizing the ecosystems of Ukraine that are of particular importance for rendering the ecosystem services. In order to select and calculate the areas of ecosystems on landscapes, to create cartographic material, the software products ArcGis and Mapinfo Professional were used, as well as Google satellite images and electronic vector layers of the topographic map of Ukraine at the scale of 1:200 000.
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Results of the application of direct-prospecting technology of satellite images and photo images frequency-resonance processing on the drilling sites of exploration wells in Caspian Sea
Authors M. Yakymchuk, I. Korchagin and A. JavadovaSummaryThe results of survey using the direct-prospecting technology of satellite images and photo images frequency-resonance processing within the drilling areas of the TD-1XB and KHZ-1 prospecting wells in the southwestern region of the Caspian Sea are presented. The results of instrumental measurements showed that the structural uplifts, discovered by seismic studies, within which wells were drilled, were formed by volcanic complexes with roots at depths of 470 and 723 km, filled with dolomites and marls. Within the limits of volcanoes of this type on the border of 57 km, conditions are not created for the synthesis of hydrocarbons. These allow us to state that the probability of discovering industrial oil and gas deposits within the Lankaran-Talysh and Khazar structural uplifts is close to zero. It is impractical to drill additional exploration wells within these structures. The materials of investigation indicate also the advisability of using direct-prospecting methods at the stages of selecting sites for laying prospecting and exploratory wells.
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Petrophysical models for estimating filtration-capacity parameters of complex reservoir rocks at Kachalivske oil and gas condensate field
Authors Y. M. Ftemov, V. V. Fedoriv and V. M. ManiukSummaryAccording to the results of laboratory and wells studies reservoir rocks of coal deposits at Kachalivske oil and gas condensate field it is established that these rocks have a complex geological structure, which is due to the structure of pore space, presence sandstones with monomineral and polymineral types, as well as different clay content. As a result of statistical processing of experimental laboratory and geophysical researches data the petrophysical models are constructed and its allowing to define reliably filtration-capacitive parameters for this type reservoir rocks. The established models can be used both to determine the reservoir parameters of reservoir rocks for these sediments, and in the rapid interpretation of well logging results.
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The use active sensors of remote sensing to describe structures and landscape changes in Solotvyno
Authors Y. Anpilova, O. Hordiienko, V. Horbulin, O. Trofymchuk and Y. YakovlievSummaryThe active sensor from Sentinel-1 satellites has an advantage over satellites that receive data from passive sensors. With this technology, it is possible to analyze every possible satellite overflight over the territory. Using the obtained geodata, the authors created composite images with median data for each satellite pass over the territory of Solotvyno, where there are subsidence and surface displacements.
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An integrated method for predicting technogenic flooding in groundwater–dominated catchments in Kherson region
Authors Y. Anpilova, Y. Yakovliev and O. HordiienkoSummaryRegional flooding caused by disruption of water-energy exchange between the surface and underground hydrosphere has become more frequent in Kherson region. The article analyses changes in the upper zone of regional hydrogeofiltration, engineering-geological and seismo-geophysical changes in the geological environment (GE). The anthropogenic factors and dynamics of the flood process formation and its ecological and anthropogenic impact on the GE are revealed. The quantitative characteristic of infiltration feeding of ground waters as the main eco-geo-information factor depending on natural-technogenic factors of its formation is given. The estimation and forecast of possible increase of a level of underground waters in the region, using GIS-technologies, and also the risk of emergencies in the system of functioning of industrial and agricultural potential of the whole region is shown.
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Retrospective monitoring of changes in the area of the disturbed geological environment within the Zhezhelivske granite deposit
Authors M. Kovalchuk, Yu. Kroshko, H. Kuzmanenko and T. OholinaSummaryBrief information about Zhezhelivsky granite quarry and its products is given. The isochronous, mineralogical-petrographic characteristics of granites are briefly presented. Based on the analysis of satellite images with different timestamps, a retrospective monitoring of the changes in the area of the geological environment of granites affected by the development of Zhezhelіvsky granite quarry during the last 33 years was carried out. It is established that from 1987 to 2020 the area of the affected geological environment within the quarry field did not significantly change
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Retrospective monitoring of changes in the area of the disturbed geological environment within the Teptiyivske granite deposit
Authors M. Kovalchuk, Yu. Kroshko and N. VergelskaSummaryBrief information about the Teptievske granite deposit and its products is given. The mineralogical and petrographic characteristics of granites are briefly presented. Based on the analysis of satellite images at different times, retrospective monitoring of changes in the area of the geological environment disturbed by the development of the Teptievske granite deposit during 1990-220 was carried out. It was found that from 1990 to 2020 the area of the disturbed geological environment within the quarry field increased by 0.0116 km2.
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Geoinformation modeling of irradiation dose formaion for rural population of Narodychy district of Zhytomyr region
Authors V. Dolin, D. Khrushchov, T. Magliovana, V. Vasylenko, D. Matrosov and D. BaranovskaSummaryAccording to the density of cesium-137 contamination after the Chornobyl catastrophe, the study area belongs to the abandoned zone (zone of unconditional mandatory resettlement). The population is about 10,000 inhabitants. The spatio-temporal regularities of the passport radiation dose change of Narodytsky district of Zhytomyr region rural population are parameterized. The dynamics of the formation of the annual passport irradiation dose is subjected to two-exponential dependence. The “fast” (first 2–3 years after the accident) and “slow” (next 10–15 years) components of the passport dose formation were distinguished. The parameters of the irradiation dose evolution are analyzed from the standpoint of the theory of infogeoframes. Maps of spatial distribution of certain parameters in the ArcGIS medium are constructed. By combining infogeoframes of different semantic load (pollution density, landscape-geochemical conditions, soil type, parameters of dose loading evolution) and pixelization of the same scale, a map of the modern radioecological state of the district was created. Areas of stable radioecological situation (possible recreation), unstable radioecological situation (compulsory rehabilitation), dangerous radioecological situation (activity prohibited), and long-term alienation are outlined.
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Mapping the accessibility to terrestrial natural and cultural areas in Lithuania
Authors M. Inácio, E. Gomes, K. Bogdzevič, D. Karnauskaitė, M. Kalinauskas and P. PereiraSummaryMapping the accessibility to terrestrial natural and cultural areas is key to understanding an urban area’s potential to offer multiple ecosystem services. In this work, we aim to study the accessibility of Lithuanian inhabited areas (9088) to natural and cultural areas. A framework was developed based on the accessibility to water bodies, protected areas, and heritage sites. The results showed that most inhabited areas have good and very good access to natural and cultural sites. However, some areas with reduced accessibility may need some recuperation to increase the population well-being of these areas.
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Use of GIS for determining mountain local obstacles of routes in low mountains
Authors N. Korohoda, O. Kovtoniuk, T. Kupach and N. PohorilchukSummaryRoutes of field student professional-oriented practice were developed to the territory of the Privododilni Gorgany and Svydovets ridges (Ukrainian Carpathians). Length, duration, presence of mountain local obstacles (MLO) cause different difficulty levels of these routes passage. The researching goal is to identify MLO and determine the difficulty level of the routes. The most successful way to obtain information about the mountain local obstacles is a profiling and morphometric analysis of the routes. We used to cartometric and morphometric analysis of this study standard tools of ArcGIS modules. It allowed to select mountain local obstacles, which corresponds to the difficulty category 1a, on 4 of the 6 analyzed graphs of routes longitudinal profiles. Identified MLO will allow to include these routes in the network of categorical routes of sports tourism in the region.
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Development of Scenarios for Safety Assessment of Radioactive Waste Geological Repository: State-of-the-Art in Ukraine
Authors I. Shybetskyi, I. Koliabina and V. ShestopalovSummaryThe purpose of this paper is to present the approach and the first results of the development of scenarios for the evolution of the geological repository of radioactive waste (RW) for further safety assessment taking into account the conditions of Ukraine sites located within the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. Based on the reduced list of features, events and processes, the scenarios of evolution of natural barriers of the RW geological disposal system are determined, namely: the scenario of normal evolution and alternative scenarios. The developed scenarios and descriptions of the evolution of natural barriers of the geological disposal system are preliminary. At the present stage, we can confidently say only about the general trends in the geological processes of the region, the parameterization of scenarios requires of the geological repository sites investigations.
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Anomalous groundwater-rocks interactions for conditions of the Cenomanian-Callovian aquifer exploited by the Obolon water intake wells in Kyiv
Authors I. Koliabina, V. Shestopalov and N. KasteltsevaSummaryThe purpose of this work is to estimate interactions in the water-rock system using an integrated approach, which includes the balance method and the method of geochemical (thermodynamic) modelling, and to illuminate the role of these interactions in the formation of water composition of the Cenomanian-Callovian aquifer. The results show the differences both in water composition and mechanisms of its formation within the small area of the Obolon water intake wells location. Two groups were conventionally distinguished. In water of the Icen group the Cl- specific content is almost two times higher than in water of the IIcen group. In water, classified as group Icen, the role of ion exchange processes is insignificant. The specific feature of water classified as group IIcen is the imbalance exists between sodium and chlorine concentrations. With increase of Cl- concentration sodium concentration remains unchanged and varies around the average value. Formation of the chemical composition of water of the group IIcen can be described as follows: first, groundwater balanced by sodium and chlorine enters the aquifer, then, as a result of ionic exchange and precipitation of montmorillonite and illite, sodium is removed from the water, while the concentration of chlorine doesn’t change.
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Algorithm of Creating a Cartographic Basis for Newly-Formed Territorial Communities
Authors V. Romaniuk, M. Prykhodko, D. Kukhtar, I. Bodnaruk and I. DovhanSummaryThe current state of cartographic basis was analyzed in the research work. The prospects of cartographic basis development were studied. This study was conducted at the example of Ivano-Frankivsk city. On the basis of the performed research, the approaches and mechanisms of creation of a cartographic basis were formed for amalgamated territorial communities.
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Study of structure oil deposits in Boryslav sandstone at Boryslavske field
Authors V. Maniuk, V. Khomyn, M. Maniuk, I. Piatkovska and O. ManiukSummaryThe analysis and generalization of geological data and data of oil deposit development in Boryslav sandstone of Boryslavske oil and gas-ozokerite field is carried out. The obtained data allow to assert that hydrocarbon deposits have a lenticular structure, and high productivity of wells is associated with the vein form of hydrocarbons in sand layers.
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Modeling of the hydrodynamic conditions of Lake Sasyk according to granulometric analysis
Authors M. D. Krochak, V. O. Yemelianov, Y. I. Voropai, V. I. Holoborodko and A.Sh. MienasovaSummaryThe aim of the work is to study the structure of sediments of Lake Sasyk (northwest coast of the Black Sea) and the nature of their distribution in the lake. The work was performed on the basis of granulometric analysis of bottom silt samples performed in the Laboratory of Physical Research Methods of the Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. To visualize the tabular data of the obtained results we performed their mathematical processing in the program of graphical constructions Surfer, schemes of distribution of various fractions on the area of lake are created. It is concluded that the sediments of Lake Sasyk are represented by siltstone clays and clay siltstones. The saturation of sediment with clastic fraction decreases in the direction of the central parts of the reservoir, which is typical for lake-type pools. This pattern is violated in the southwestern part of the lake at the confluence of fresh waters of the Danube-Sasyk canal. The current erodes the coastal siltstone deposits at the confluence and brings additional suspended pelitic material to the lake. This leads to stable siltation of sediments.
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Geoecological atlas of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine as a geoinformation system: a methodological approach to content development
Authors E. Bondarenko and M. KyryliukSummaryThe publication presents a methodological approach to creating a geo-ecological Atlas of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine. It is defined as a modern specialized atlas electronic cartographic work and a cartographic service of wide application. It is implemented through geographic information systems (GIS) and acts as such a system.
The general structure is substantiated, which has three parts (introductory, substantive, additional), purpose and composition of each of them.
It is proved that the development of the content of the geoecological Atlas of the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine as a computer GIS makes it possible to minimize the existing individual contradictions to ensure its internal unity through the use of existing functionality of relevant software products.
The functions of the content part and the Atlas as a whole (informative, evaluative, methodical, methodological, organizing) are determined; criteria of value and fundamentality.
Methodological principles of formation of the substantive part of the geoecological atlas of the NRF of Ukraine on the possible presentation of various thematic maps in it are formulated: consistently traditional; block-problematic; combined. The latter principle is the most optimal for use in this cartographic work.
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Transformation of the realizes about geoscience among schoolchildren in Ukraine in the frame of the educational projects UAG
Authors H. Liventseva and M. KrochakSummaryThis article describes methods of working with students in the framework of the Ukrainian educational project “Depths of the Earth, the spiritual depths” (UAG). The main aim of this project is to increase the interest of students in geoscience and the profession of a geologist. Within the frames of this educational project were prepared and created many different events for students and teachers. There held more than 100 lectures, seminars, scientific conferences, excursions, geological quizzes/quests in museums, field Olympiads, festivals.
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GIS in landscape architecture and design
Authors L. Bilous, V. Samoilenko, P. Shyshchenko and O. HavrylenkoSummaryThe necessity of introduction of methods of the geoinformation analysis of territories to decision-making systems in landscape-architectural and landscape-design activity is substantiated.
The key role of GIS in the procedure of creating landscape projects and plans in connection with the European Landscape Convention is identified.
There is a need to integrate GIS software with special tools for landscape designers and architects, namely: AutoCAD, Google SketchUp, RealTime Landscaping Architect, etc. It is dictated, in particular, by the priority of substantiation of ecological decisions at creation of plans and projects of the organization of landscape spaces of home gardens, cities, regions.
Educational space and the state of the national spatial data infrastructure are considered as determining factors in the perception and use of GIS by landscape architects and designers in Ukraine.
GIS is considered as a spatial environment for the synthesis of natural science intelligence for landscape architecture and design. In particular, GIS is defined as a tool for finding the parametric location of territories (morphometric, hydrological, lithological, soil, biocoenosis, process, etc.) in the geographical diversity of landscapes. The information potential of GIS application in the organization of public spaces is outlined in connection with the spatial analysis of the Digital Elevation Model.
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Velocity and density cuts of Northern Ural’s upper lithosphere
Authors A. G. Tsidaev, I. V. Ladovskiy and V. V. KolmogorovaSummaryFor the Northern part of Urals region a revision of archive data of Bazhenovskaya geophysical expedition was performed. For 5 deep seismic sounding (DSS) profiles, which are located within trapezia 68–64° N, 48–72° E the re-processing of seismic data was performed using 2D seismic tomography method. The result is presented as the grid functions. This paper demonstrates an advantage of grid seismic cuts usage for forward and inverse gravity modelling problems. The method for conversion of velocity cuts into density cuts is presented. It is based on selection of correlation coefficients between velocity and density with linear inversion.
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Structure design of the drought risk assessment and mapping technology for adaptation of Ukrainian water sector to climate change
Authors S. Snizhko, G. Trypolska, O. Shevchenko, V. Grebin and I. KostyrkoSummaryThis paper suggests a structure design of drought risk assessment and mapping technology and a 6-stage implementation process regarding the country specifics of Ukraine.
“Stage-to-stage” implementation process involves collection of observational data for drought assessment (both field measurements and satellite data), data pre-processing, formulation of methodology for drought assessment, assessment of drought and mapping. The final stage of technology seeks next technical procedure with DI spatial database like spatial DI interpolation, visualizing resulting DI maps, publicly available DI maps publication. The creation of risk maps requires Geographical Information Systems (GIS) software. To carry out it, the spatial data analysis can be used for next GIS software: MapInfo, ERDAS, Intergraph, IDRISI, GRAM, ArcInfo, GRASS, AutoCAD maps etc. For the mapping of drought, the most widely used ArcGIS in Ukraine, developed by the Institute for Environmental Systems Research (ESRI), can be recommended. ArcGIS offers a unique set of capabilities for applying location-based analytics to drought mapping, contextual tools to visualize and analyse ground based and satellite data. It includes imagery tools and workflows for visualization and analysis, and access to the world’s largest imagery collection.
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Experience in determining transboundary interaction of groundwater bodies (on the example of Ukraine and Belarus)
More LessSummaryThe «European Union Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+)» project addresses existing challenges in implementation of efficient management of water resources and in particular the water monitoring capacities. A recent study of 2019 identified eight groundwater bodies (GWB) in the Dnipro River Basin of Ukraine which are transboundary linked with six corresponding GWBs in the Pripyat and Dnieper River Basins of the Republic of Belarus. As some of GWBs are considerably large, the next research has focused on identifying those sub-parts of the GWBs in Ukraine which are subject to transboundary groundwater interaction. It was established that conditions for groundwater resources formation in the transboundary Ukraine-Belarusian zone in the Dnipro basin are very favorable, because groundwater recharge occurs on the territory of Ukraine, where the territory is sparsely populated and human pressure is minimal. The impact from dispersed small water users that extract groundwater in transboundary zone is negligible. So, both the quantitative and the qualitative status of the GWBs in the transboundary area are predominantly good. At the same time, there are common problems to be solved which require groundwater monitoring restoration and its coordination with the Belarusian side.
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A framework of tectonic lineaments of the Black Sea region and surrounding areas of the Mediterranean Mobile Belt
Authors V. V. Pokalyuk, I. E. Lomakin, V. G. Verkhovtsev and V. V. KochelabSummaryA close correspondence has been established between different-ranked tectonic lineamentous structural plans: the Black Sea basin/region, on the one hand, and the Mediterranean mobile belt as a whole, on the other. This indicates the coherency of faults and fault zones within the entire Mediterranean – both within the sea areas and the continental surroundingds. The structural position of the Black Sea basin as a whole is determined by its location at the intersection area (superposition, interference) of the diagonal (subdiagonal) transcontinental tectonic lineamentous belts: the north-west – Baltic-Iranian (Elba-Zagros), Caucasus-Kopetdag, and the north-east – Atlas- Black Sea. The absence of large-scale lateral displacements at the intersection nodes of differently oriented supermegalineament systems indicates the relative autonomous stationarity and inheritance of the formation of the lyneament framework during the entire Mezozoic-Cenozoic and relatively low-shear nature of its realization. This feature of the Black Sea region structural pattern significantly limits the possibility of using neomobilistic geodynamic models to explain the history of the geological development of the region. The strict consistency and orderliness of the lineament framework can be ensured only by global planetary factors associated with the influence of the rotational regime of the Earth’s shells on the stress distribution in the lithosphere.
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Modelling of environmental objects geochemical transformation within solid waste landfills
Authors I. V. Kuraieva, T. O. Koshliakova, O. T. Azimov, K. S. Zlobina and D. P. KhrushchovSummaryThe purpose of the research was to study geochemical transformation of environmental objects (soils, surface and ground water) within the one of the largest landfills in Ukraine for solid waste disposal – Kyiv landfill №5. During the research such laboratory methods were used: atomic absorption method, emission spectral analysis, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Physical-chemical features of soils were determined by chemical and potentiometric methods, and finding forms of heavy metals in soils were defined by stepwise extraction method. Migration forms of micro- and macroelements with organic and mineral components of soil solutions were determined by methods of mathematical modelling using specialized software MINTEQA 2. For mathematical processing of the obtained results such methods were used as statistical and regression analysis. As a result of the study, specific features of physical-chemical properties of soil sediments within the landfill were revealed – high sorption capacity and low buffer ratio, which causes weak protective properties against technogenic metals. Such properties of studied soils contribute to the formation of toxic elements mobile forms and their migration to groundwater. During the study of ground and surface water samples significant deviation from the norm was found (some elements concentrations exceed MPC in dozens of times).
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T. Binnert Heites rule of perspective geological correlation as a tool for solving geological problems
Authors O. Karpenko and M. MyrontsovSummaryCanadian geologist T. Binner Heites in 1963 in his article set out his vision of geometric patterns that are the result of geological processes during the formation of sedimentary rocks in space (T. Heites’ hypothesis or rule). The rule states that at two points on the surface of the studying area, the ratio of sediment accumulation velocities remains stable within the age borders of a stable tectonic regime. According to this rule of Geological perspective correlation by T. Heites with the use of well-logging diagrams, it is possible to detect in hydrocarbon deposits the intervals of the section with a stable paleotectonic regime of sediment accumulation and the limits of paleotectonic regime change. Practical examples show the effectiveness of the Heites rule for the detection of promising strata or horizons in the sections of gas fields in the Outer zone of the Precarpathian Depression. Also, using the gradient of the ratios of accumulated thicknesses in different wells, it was shown that it is possible to distinguish in geological sections the age intervals with different intensity of tectonic regime - on the example of the Yablunivske oil and gas condensate field.
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Soil mineral magnetism of the Rubaniv gas field (Carpathian Foredeep, Ukraine)
Authors O. Menshov, R. Kuderavets, I. Chobotok and N. PyrizhokSummaryMagnetic method is effective, rapid, and cheap technology in the geophysical studying of hydrocarbon fields. The present study related to the investigation of the Rubaniv gas field in the Outer zone of the Carpathian Foredeep. Our previous results demonstrated the close dependence of the local anomalous magnetic field upon gas deposit of Rubaniv field, soil magnetic susceptibility of the genetic horizons, and possible gas microseepage. New results are concentrated in magnetic mineralogy of soils from the areas of hydrocarbons impact as well as natural patches. The genesis of soil mineral magnetism deals with iron oxides, hydroxides, and sulphides. We identified natural magnetite, hematite, goethite, maghemite and paramagnetics formation in both soils from the hydrocarbon impacted areas as well as from the natural forest area. The hydrocarbon genesis of the soil magnetics within oil and gas fields suggested by the presence of iron sulphides, oxidation of pyrite, transformation of the antiferromagnetic hexagonal pyrrhotite into ferromagnetic monoclinic pyrrhotite.
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Structure design of the flood hazard assessment and mapping technology for adaptation of Ukrainian water sector to climate change
Authors S. Snizhko, G. Trypolska, O. Shevchenko, O. Obodovskyi, I. Didovets and I. KostyrkoSummaryIn the last 20 years, Ukraine has experienced significant floods that have led to emergencies. Recent research suggests that under the influence of climate change, the recurrence of high floods in Ukraine and their magnitude will increase by the end of this century.
One of the modern technologies of adaptation to extreme manifestations of climate change in the water sector is technology of flood hazard assessment and mapping. Its use can help prevent and reduce losses in the Ukrainian economy. The technology flood’s hazard assessment and mapping are used to identify areas at the risk of flooding, and consequently to improve flood’s risk management and disaster preparedness. Flood hazard assessments and maps typically look at the expected extent and depth of flooding in a given location, on the basis of various scenarios.
This paper presents the structure and content of this technology designed by us and adapted to modern remote methods of environmental research and geographic information technologies.
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Main state topographic map: structure and principles of the creation a database
Authors Yu. Karpinskyi, A. Lyashchenko, N. Lazorenko-Hevel, A. Cherin, D. Kin and Ye. HavryliukSummaryTopographic databases and geoinformation web services for their use in spatial data infrastructure have become the predominant type of final products of national cartographic and cadastral agencies of developed countries. This paper presents the results of research work on the creation of a geographic information system of the topographic database “Main State Topographic Map”, the initial filling of which is carried out based on updated digital topographic maps of the scale 1:50 000. The proposed solutions comply with international standards in the field of geographic information, and their implementation provides a comprehensive application of the latest geoinformation technologies and geospatial databases to create a seamless topographic database for the entire territory of Ukraine with wide access to it by interested users on the system geoportal. The main features and innovations of the topographic database being created include: completeness of classes of topographic features and their attributes; an integrated system for identifying topographic features in a database, in which each topographic feature is assigned a unique topographic identifier, as well as a code according to the industry classifier; integrity of geometric models of topographic features, in which features are not fragmented by the boundaries of the sheets of topographic maps on which they are reflected; topological consistency of geometric models of topographic features at the level of planar graph topology for all adjacent and intersecting features; support for metadata both for classes of topographic features, and for their specific instances and their attributes; use of an object-relational database management system for the implementation of an integrated storage of all information resources of the system; harmonization of geospatial data and metadata models, data exchange formats, methods and procedures for assessing data quality with the requirements of the series of international standards of the ISO 19100; prompt updating of data in the system based on the results of continuous topographic monitoring of the area; providing wide and open access to topographic data through the system’s geoportal.
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Peculiarities of geological structure of neogenic deposits of Haiv gas deposit and their influence on filtration capacity parameters
Authors D. D. Fedoryshyn, O. N. Trubenko, V. V. Dmytruk, S. D. Fedoryshyn and V. V. HumeniukSummaryThe results of studying the collector properties of rocks-collectors of the geological section of the Sarmatian and Helvetic layers of the Gayivske gas field are considered. The data of physical characteristics of productive rock-collectors are given which were obtained by the results of geological-geophysical and petrophysical researches. According to the results of experimental studies of samples of the bore core which was taken from the rocks-collectors of the Sarmatian and Helvetic layers, their geological and petrophysical parameters were established.
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Radial characteristics of lateral logging in thin-bedded formation
Authors M. Myrontsov and O. KarpenkoSummaryIt is shown that the simultaneous influence of the borehole and the bedding thinness can significantly distort the data of inversion of lateral logging in the conditions of the Dnipro-Donetsk depth. Examples of such influence are given for the main types of reservoirs (water-saturated, gas-saturated, oil-saturated). The influence of the borehole and invaded zone on the formation evaluation is investigated. A method has been developed that allows to determine the mutual influence of the accuracy of determining the geoelectric parameters of the invaded zone and formation.
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Remote detection the CO2 concentration within different land classes cover on the territory of Ukraine
Authors M. A. Tymchyshyn, L. A. Yelistratova, A. A. Apostolov and I. F. RomanciucSummaryThe CO2 concentration were estimated using GOSAT and Proba-V satellite data within different land classes of Ukraine. The methods of remote sensing and GIS technologies were used. The combined use of land cover classification map and CO2 concentration allowed to obtain concentration changes within the different types of land cover during 2018. The annual changes of CO2 concentration in Ukraine were established. It was determined maximum in August and minimum in April CO2 absorption. The CO2 concentration changes for Ukraine is 7.84 ppm. Quantitative changes in CO2 concentration for each land cover class of Ukraine based on Proba-V satellite data were obtained.
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Geoinformation modeling of exogenous geological processes on the territory of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra
SummaryThe purpose of this work is to analyze the data of long-term observations of surface and groundwater regimes to determine the factors that lead to disturbance of hydrogeological conditions and the development of exogenous geological processes (EGP) in the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra and the determination of areas characterized by negative EGP processes.
The urgency of the work is to identify potential areas of development and spread of EGP, identification and forecasting of changes in groundwater regime with subsequent leveling and elimination of negative factors.
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Facies interpretation from gamma ray (gr) log as basic well logs applied to Volodymyrska field (Dnipro-Donetsk depression)
Authors V. Yemets, V. Antoniuk and I. BezrodnaSummaryThis paper presents the interpretation of data (depth interval 1700–2560 m) from well-logs obtained from Volodymyrska Field (Dnipro-Donetsk Depression). GR log is mainly used to predict the varying lithology in borehole by measuring the spontaneous emission of GR radiation from rocks. But the study aims at using Gamma Ray (GR) log in establishing the sedimentary facies, their successions and environments of deposition in this field. Five log facies were recognized in the study area: a cylindrical-shaped facies representing fluvial channels; a funnel-shaped facies representing shoreface; a bell-shaped facies representing proximal deep sea; a symmetrical-shaped facies representing transgressive shelf sands; a serrated-shaped facies representing debris flow and canyon fill. Each of the type of facies has its own sediment supply and characteristic provides a stratigraphical frame for environment interpretation.
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Concerning oil and gas potential of the underthrust uplifts within the zone of influence of the Precarpathian Fault
Authors L. S. Monchak, S. G. Anikeyev, T. V. Zderka, N. P. Khovanets and A. V. YaremaSummaryThe paper studies oil and gas prospects of the Mesozoic and Neogene sediments of certain underthrust uplifts located at the edge of European Craton within the influence zone of the deep Precarpathian Fault. These uplifts are identified based on the results of the analysis of geological and geophysical evidence and according to the geological interpretation of the local Bouguer gravity anomalies including geology-gravimetrical modeling with the wells data being considered. Some brief geological and tectonic characteristics of promising areas are given.
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Geoinformation components of sunflower yield simulation in arid climate using the model aquacrop
Authors A. Krukivska, N. Hrechana, S. Snizhko, O. Shevchenko and M. MatviienkoSummaryIn Ukraine the crop losses associated with adverse weather and climatic conditions in agriculture can range from 10 to 70%. The main reason for these losses is the drought. In the last decade, the repetition and the duration of hot weather periods in Ukraine increased significantly. The consequences of climate change for agriculture will be related to changes in temperature and humidity conditions, but also to the reduction of soil fertility, desertification, etc. In the conditions of climate change, when water is a key limiting factor in crop production, it is necessary to use modern methodologies of agrometeorological research based on numerical multiparameter models with using a wide range of geographic information resources and technologies. This paper presents the methodology and results of modeling the conditions of heat and moisture supply of sunflower and their impact on the formation of crop productivity in the Kherson region using the model AquaCrop. Correct use of geoinformation parameters, soil and vegetation characteristics allows to obtain reliable results that can be used for early regulation of soil water balance by irrigation.
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Tritium content as indicator of Cenomanian-Callovian groundwater complex state changes as a result of long-term operation within Kyiv city
Authors T. Koshliakova, O. Koshliakov, O. Dyniak and I. KoshliakovaSummaryThe paper considers the issue of changing the state of Cenomanian-Callovian groundwater complex. The studied groundwater complex is an important source of centralized and well-room potable water supply to Kyiv population, so the authors pay attention to study of hydrogeological changes of the complex state during long-term operation. The study confirms changes in water exchange structure, which are reflected in significant changes of Cenomanian-Callovian groundwater complex piezometric pressures surface and also in chemical state changes. In order to establish water exchange changes, a comparison of radioactive isotope hydrogen - tritium - content in investigated groundwater complex for 2014 and 2017 was performed. Mathematical-statistical methods were used to establish changes. The obtained results indicate that during 2014–2017 the chemical state of Cenomanian-Callovian groundwater complex in terms of tritium content as a whole changed. Since 2008, due to groundwater production reduction, there has been a recovery of groundwater levels and a positive trend of changes in chemical state of investigated groundwater complex in the direction of its gradual return to its natural state.
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Remote sensing monitoring of the landfill sites as a factor of adverse environmental impact
Authors O. V. Shevchuk, O. T. Azimov and O. V. TomchenkoSummaryThe report gives reasons for the relevance of remote sensing methods for the study of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, which are the effective tool for their monitoring. The Zdolbuniv MSW landfill (the Rivne region, Ukraine) as a case study allows demonstrating informativeness of identifying MSW landfill Sites and the adjusted areas using the spectral characteristics and texture of earth’s covers obtained from the satellite images for the different years. The informativeness of the study of dynamics for landfill geometrical parameters, the change of its internal “structure”, the functional changes in the surrounding landscape elements (first of all, the changes in the forest stands) is demonstrated.
In particular, satellite image data for the period of 2003 to 2019 allow identifying the increase of a number of the Zdolbuniv landfill Sites at the expense of adjacent forest stands. Thus, in 2003 one Site of the landfill is operated, whereas in 2019 – already three ones. The study of dynamics for the change of the total area of landfill has revealed the increase of this area by approximately 3.13 times (from 6 521 to 20 438 m2, respectively). In addition, the total perimeter along the contours of its stages has enlarged more than 2.47 times (from 438 to 1 083 m, respectively).
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The influence of the assessment of the terrain on the design solutions for water regulation on the drained lands of the Polesie zone
Authors P. Volk, A. Rokochinskiy, O. Shevchenko, R. Koptyuk, V. Turchenyuk and L. VolkSummaryIn projects of construction and reconstruction of reclamation systems it is necessary to consider a large number of various natural factors which influence a choice of their type and a design. In drained areas, relief conditions are crucial for the choice of water regulation technologies, type, and design of drainage systems. The presence of considerable relief determines the ineffective use of precipitation due to the occurrence of surface runoff and the uneven formation of the groundwater level and the water regime on the drained lands. The relief shows the conditions of filling small rivers, and this must be taken into account in current projects of their clearing. The schematization of a relief of the drained lands in a zone of sufficient humidification and unstable humidification of Ukraine for various slopes and changes of heights of a surface of the land with the allocation of four schemes is presented. Taking into account the relief of the earth's surface in forecasting and optimization models for the selection of rational technological and design solutions for water regulation on the drained lands, it will be possible to correctly choose the type and design of drainage systems in construction and reconstruction projects.
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Prospects for the replenishment of resource base in the Udmurt Republic by means of discovery of small oil fields and domanic formation deposits
Authors G. Kashin and O. LikhachevaSummaryRapid crude oil depletion is picking up speed in the Udmurt Republic, with production rate decrease being common at long-term operated oil fields of large and medium size. Therefore the main challenge in this region is to stabilize & increase oil extraction by means of exploring more promising oil fields of small size and deposits occurring in unconventional reservoirs, namely domanic formations. However, some issues cause difficulties. Firstly, 2D and 3D seismic data often do not provide the reliable mapping of small fields and deposits that occupy unconventional reservoirs. Secondly, geological prospecting and exploration, along with exploratory drilling, make these works costly. Also, the reserves’ estimation for such deposits often contains errors. Passive seismic is proposed to solve these problems, reducing exploratory and exploitation drilling in cost, with the time required for geological exploration being diminished.
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Soil properties at slope – the advantage of magnetic susceptibility application
Authors O. Kruglov, O. Menshov, O. Andreeva and B. KruhlovSummaryThe information about the spatial distribution of the soil properties at slope is important for land managements as well as for the soil protection. The different agronomic indicators such as the organic carbon content, physical clay (the sum of particles with the size less than 0.01 mm) can be easily detected by magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurements of soil. According to our results, the relation between the studied parameters is strong. Spearman correlation coefficient is: ρ= -0.755. This suggests that erosion processes have a significant impact on soil loss of small fractions, i.e. leads to the particle size decrease. From the other hand, the described correlation concludes the destroying of the water regime of eroded soils in conditions of unstable or insufficient moisture. We obtained much higher correlation of the MS and soil properties comparing with earlier received correlation between soil properties (physical clay and organic carbon). The correlation between the humus content and MS strongly depends of the land use. For the local level (area 100 ha): ρ = 0.68. For the bigger areas of about 2000 ha, the correlation was much lower because of the inhomogeneous of the physical, chemical, and geomorphological parameters of the arable lands.
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Features of the seismic migration method in the romukrseis profile data processing
Authors O. Verpakhovska, V. Pylypenko and O. ChornayaSummarySeismic migration is an important procedure for seismic data processing. This procedure allows to imaging the structure of the geological section in the dynamic characteristics of the observed wave fields. The RomUkrSeis regional profile data was observed with the method DSS. The observing system of DSS has irregularity the placement of the shots and receivers and very large offsets so the traditional reflection migration is not effective for processing of the DSS records. The finite-difference reflection/refraction migration method is the only possibility to image the geological structure from the DSS data. This migration method was proposed and developed at the Institute of Geophysics by. S.I. Subbotin name of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The main idea of this migration method is the involving in the processing the refracted waves which registering on the large offsets. The features of the finite-difference reflection/refraction migration method on the RomUkrSeis regional profile data processing are presented in the paper.
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Infogeological modeling of the geological environment of the military activity territories
SummaryThe main methodological instrument of informational support of research and works on the treatment of the geological environment by territories of military activity is information modeling.
Methods developed on this paradigm's principles aim to eliminate the consequences of military activity and restore the territories of the military conflicts.
Ground research was developed using conceptual models, particularly checking main components of these models that aim at determined by them indetermination. To identify the influence of the military activity sources, we used the Leopold Matrix and Sorensen Level Diagram, network diagram, method of the combined analysis of maps, and factor analysis. The evaluation of the spread of factors of military and technogenic load of chemical origin in the functional zones and subzones of the military polygon was carried out based on the complex approach to the ecological evaluation of the contamination of the territories of intensive military and technogenic load using the landscape profiling and imitating modeling taking into account geochemical and hydrometeorological conditions.
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Specificities of absorbing anelastic characteristics of zeolite, quartzite, alluvial sandstone sio2, porous polystyrene
Authors A. P. Onanko, D. V. Charnyi, Y. A. Onanko, O. P. Dmytrenko, M. P. Kulish and R. V. HomenkoSummaryThe elastic modulus Е, the shear modulus G, Poisson coefficient μ, internal friction Q-1 are dependent from the texture, microcrack formation, minerals anisotropy. The presence of many the acoustic emission secondary maxima indicates the variety of material composition and structure of the rock, a set of allotigenic and authigenic minerals, cement composition, texture, and conveys, to some extent, the nature of the dia- and catagenetic processes. The measuring of internal friction background Q-10 after temperature, mechanical treatments gives information about the changes of the elastic strains σi fields in rock.
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Singularity of elastic characteristics of zeolite, quartzite, sandstone sio2, expanded polystyrene
Authors A. P. Onanko, S. A. Shevchuk, Y. A. Onanko, O. P. Dmytrenko, M. P. Kulish and S. A. PopovSummaryThe internal friction background Q-10, which carry on the information about the changing of the elastic strains fields in rocks, was studied. Elastic waves pulses were discovered from microfractures that connected with elastic balance in minerals. The elastic anisotropy integral coefficient (A_μ ) ⃗ and the polarization angle – the deflection of elastic displacements vector U ⃗ from wave normal direction n ⃗ φ_P ⃗ =(U ⃗,n ⃗) and are the most universal characteristics of anisotropy and testify about anisotropic deformation ε at the rock hydrostatic compression P. The data are obtained from elastic constants Cmnkl sandstones SiO2, limestones CaCO3.
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GIS technologies for monitoring forest plantations
Authors V. Trysnyuk, O. Demydenko, T. Trysnyuk, L. Horoshkova, Іe. Khlobystov and Y. HolovanSummaryThe basis for solving the main tasks of forestry is the classification of forests on the basis of remote sensing of land, which involves the use of uncontrolled and controlled classification. The study attempts to implement a method of geoinformation analysis of ecological properties of the area, taking into account the geochemical load on the vegetation. The result of the analysis can be used to clarify the areas of emergencies in the decision-making process online. The regional landscape-geochemical structure of the research area is an informative and objective basis for assessing the impact of the geochemical field on the health of the population.
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Modeling of dangerous processes of natural and man-made disasters
Authors V. Trysnyuk, T. Trysnyuk, I. Radchuk, L. Horoshkova, Іe. Khlobystov and Y. NagornySummaryThe article presents the results of the development of scientific and methodological systematic approach to assessing the effectiveness of the organizational and technical system of emergency rescue operations during the elimination of emergencies of natural and man-made origin.Based on the obtained results, there is an increase in the integrated efficiency of the resource potential of the organizational and technical system of rescue operations by increasing the functional (systemic) or corresponding economic effect.
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Change of atmospheric density at high altitudes due to tidal forces
Authors A. Kazantsev and L. KazantsevaSummaryThe combined European database of meteor orbits EDMOND for 2012–2016 was analyzed. It was found that meteors at high altitudes (120 – 145 km) are mainly registered in the phase of ebbs in the atmosphere. This shows that tidal forces from the Moon and the Sun can change the density of the upper atmosphere in a significant range of altitudes.
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Results of the tectonophysical study in the Sushchany-Perga fault zone of the western part of the Ukrainian Shield
Authors S. V. Mychak and L. V. FarfuliakSummaryThe research aim was determination of the inner structure and kinematics of the Sushchany-Perga fault zone of the western part of the Ukrainian Shield. For investigation of fracturing and structural-textural elements of rocks the structural-paragenetic method of tectonophysics was used. It was determined that formation of the Sushchany-Perga fault zone continued during at least five phases of deformation. They were accompanied by the formation of differently oriented shear zones: Khmelivka, Sushchany, Perga, Rudnia-Khochin, Lopatychi. The Khmelivka and Sushchany shear zones are similar to striking of the Nemyriv and Khmelnik fault zones of the Ukrainian shield, which belong to the Nemyriv stage of faulting (∼ 1.99 Ga). The Rudnia-Khochin and Perga phases are related to the fact that the Sushchany-Perga fault zone was quite active during the junction of the Fennoscandia and Sarmatia microplates. We have established that the development of thrust fault and normal downthrow fault type shears, which took place in an environment of compression and extension, respectively, is associated with the formation period of the Perzhan granitoids complex (1.801.70 Ga). This alternation of the compression and extension conditions entailed resulted in the ore occurrences and deposits formation within the Perga tectonic joint.
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Seismic monitoring of the territory of Ukraine due to IRIS KIEV station data
Authors O. Z. Ganiev, T. A Amashukeli, K. V. Petrenko, L. V. Farfuliak, I. Yu. Gurova and I. A. KalitovaSummaryThe seismic monitoring of the territory of Ukraine is an important task to protect strategic buildings and housing from the earthquake effects. It is shown that the continuous flow of data from the seismic station IRIS KIEV and further processing of seismic records using SeisComP makes it possible to constantly update the computer database of global earthquakes and seismic events that occurred in the near zone and directly in Ukraine. The digital seismic station IRIS KIEV was installed in accordance with the agreement between the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory of the US Geological Survey and the Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the NAS of Ukraine on the territory of Ukraine in 1994. This station, with coordinates 29.22 east longitude, 50.70 north latitude, is part of the IRIS Global Seismic Network and is operated jointly by both sides. It is a base station for observations on the platform part of the territory of Ukraine. The use of existing open source software provides undeniable advantages in solving seismic monitoring problems in the Ukraine.
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Geomagnetic field of the western region of Ukraine in connection with the fracture-block tectonics and hydrocarbon deposits
Authors M. Orlyuk, A. Marchenko and M. BakarjievaSummaryThe anomalous magnetic field ΔB reflects the magnetic inhomogeneity of the Earth's lithosphere, which makes it possible to determine the geometry and magnetic parameters of the sources of its various layers.
Analysis of the local component of the anomalous magnetic field of the western region shows the presence in the marginal part of the Eastern European platform of local anomalies that are connecting into peculiar bands confined to the Mesozoic-Paleozoic and Riphean and Riphean-Archaean basements. This anomaly can be considered as reflecting the main hydrocarbon fault of western Ukraine. These anomalies can also be considered as oil and gas control faults. It should be noted that the identified confinement of oil and oil and gas deposits to the zone of weakly positive magnetic anomalies. Also, further research will pay special attention to the analysis of the horizontal gradient map of the regional component of the geomagnetic field with different-level faults and hydrocarbon deposits in relation to the search for a connection in surface and lower crust-mantle structures.
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Regional Assessment of Groundwater Resources within the Dniester Basin Based on the Mathematical Modeling and Geoinformation Approach
Authors V. Salyha and L. DavybidaSummaryThe object of research is the natural groundwater resources of the first from the surface aquifer of the Dniester River basin within Ukraine. A choice of representative hydrological observation points was substantiated, flow hydrographs, mathematical and cartographic models for underflow assessment were created for the relevant water-exchange basins within the model polygon. The volumes of the groundwater resource within the Dniester basin were evaluated and visualization of their distribution by sub-basins in the GIS environment was carried out.
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Application o the Structural-Thermo-Atmogeochemical Research (STAGT) for the purpose of hydrocarbon deposits exploration and estimation of ecological state of the environment
Authors V. Dubosarskyi, S. Aks’om, S. Zubal, V. Podoba and D. ZemskyiSummaryThe application of a complex of near-surface prospecting technologies for study of geological-structural and atmogeochemical features of the structure of areas is considered, for the purpose of hydrocarbon, coal mine methane and groundwater deposits exploration, along with environmental state assessment.
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Creation of a mathematical model of radiohydrogeological conditions of the Chernobyl exclusion zone
Authors I. O. Kovalenko, V.V. Dolin, M. I. Panasiuk and N. V. SosonnaSummaryThe purpose of the work is to create a mathematical model of radiohydrogeological conditions of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone using the Visual Modflow software package. The mathematical model that was created covers area 25 km long and 28 km wide. With the help of this model, predictions of the distribution of radionuclides with groundwater from radiation-hazardous objects to the areas of unloading into surface waters — the riverbeds of the Pripyat and Uzh rivers were made.
With the help of a mathematical model the substantiation of the system of observation wells of radiohydroecological monitoring during construction and operation of SNFSF and ISF-2 spent nuclear fuel storage facilities and storage facilities located on the industrial site of ChNPP was performed. Also, the mathematical model allowed to perform the inverse hydrogeological problem — to determine the filtration parameters of soils according to the simulation of the distribution with groundwater of the Brion indicator, which was specially introduced into the aquifer.
Forecasting is necessary to substantiate design, and management decisions to protect groundwater and surface water from radioactive contamination.
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Changes in the water regime and the state of water resources of the Chudniv irrigation system in the context of climate change
Authors O. Miedviedieva and O. DyniakSummaryWater scarcity and drought are becoming an increasingly serious problem. Climate change makes significant adjustments in the distribution of water resources in space and time, which, in turn, leads to a large-scale increase in the frequency of manifestations of dangerous natural phenomena. The paper considers the issue of changing the state of the underground hydrosphere within the Chudniv irrigation system. Changes occur as a result of disruption of the irrigation system - land unbundling, the introduction of paid water use, the emergence of new methods and installations of irrigation. And not the last role in such changes is played by climatic factors. The changes of the groundwater regime according to the regime wells were investigated and it was established that against the background of practically no irrigation within the system and decrease of precipitation the decrease of groundwater levels within the Chudniv irrigation system is observed. Undoubtedly, in the context of adaptation to climate change at the basin level, the issues of greatest interest are directly related to the aquatic environment, changes in water regime and the state of water resources. It is expected that such changes will lead to a deterioration in water quality. This will lead to the loss of sources of drinking water for the population.
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Seismicity of the Maramures basin
Authors V. Maksymchyk, N. Pyrizhok, Ye. Nakalov, I. Yarema and L. YanushSummaryA study of the seismic activity of the Maramuresh basin for the period 1960–2015, which is located on the territory of a part of the Inner and partly flysch Carpathians, has been carried out. The spatial distribution of earthquake epicenters is analyzed and their relationship with the tectonic structure of the region is investigated.
The main number of earthquakes is grouped in such structural-tectonic units as the Solotvinskaya depression (Ukraine) and the Maramuresh depression (Romania), as well as within the Vyhorlat-Hutyn volcanic ridge. There is also a tendency in the concentration of earthquake epicenters (Kp> 7) to tectonic faults of northeastern and northwestern striking and their cross sections, as well as the contact zone of the Alcapa and Tise plates with the tectonic structures of the Solotvyn depression and the Maramuresh basin.
According to the depth distribution of hypocenters, three levels (layers) of earthquake propagation are distinguished. The first is the sedimentary layer, where most of the earthquake hypocenters are located at depths of 2–7 km. The second floor of distribution is the basement and the top of the granite layer, where at depths from 8 to 15 km the hypocenters of earthquakes of a high energy class for the region (K = 11–12) are presented. A small number of seismic events are confined to the third floor (basalt layer), and the depth of their propagation is 18–34 km.
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Tectonics and evolution of the northern part of the Black Sea in the Late Miocene and Pliocene
Authors S. M. Stovba, D. B. Vengrovitch, A. P. Tyshchenko and P. O. FenotaSummaryThe Ukrainian sector of the Black Sea was studied with the interpretation of seismic reflection data along seismic lines having a total length of some 30 000 km. The strong compression occurred in the Late Miocene. The compression caused the generation and additional growth of thrusts and anticline folds. The broad onshore terrain that was exposed in a roughly E-W direction across the present shallow and deep-water parts of the Black Sea was formed as a result of the compression. The onshore terrain partially occupied the area where the present-day water depth reaches 2000 m. The weaker compressional stresses caused a continuation of the syn-depositional growths of many anticline folds after the main phase of compression. The upper apexes of folds were severely eroded during the gradual subsidence of the Late Miocene land. The shallow sea penetrated into the land between local folds and created gulfs, lagoons, lakes and islands. Then, the accelerated subsidence of the Black Sea Basin led to the formation of the deep-water sea having the present-day water depth. The results will undoubtedly entail a revision of most present-day geodynamic models of the entire Black Sea region
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Observation and forecasting of thunderstorms in the modern practice of advisory of Kyiv International Airport (Zhuliany)
Authors V. I. Zatula, N. I. Zatula and T. S. SymonetsSummaryThunderstorms are one of the hazardous natural factors affecting aviation. The purpose of the paper is analysis of climatological characteristics, conditions of formation and modern practice of forecasting the thunderstorms in the Kyiv International Airport (Zhuliany). The main research methods are weather and climate analysis and numerical modeling of thunderstorm activity. The main results were obtained basing on the analysis of surface and upper-air maps, radar data, as well as satellite images of clouds.
The results of thunderstorm forecasting in the aerodrome area using different calculation methods are presented. It is shown that the application of the methods of RA. Yagudin and V.M. Sedletsky provide the greatest accuracy. The methods of N.V. Lebedeva and R.M. Whiting gave the worst result. Comprehensive consideration of the data of weather analysis and forecasting of thunderstorms in the aviation service system will help to increase flying safety.
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Correlation-regression analysis of ecological state of agricultural landscape of Precarpathians
Authors N. V. Bielova, T. V. Mykytyn, O. S. Nespliak and N. P. DolynkoSummaryThe aim of the given work is to establish empirical dependences of land erosion on the ratio and spatial distribution of land in agricultural landscapes of Precarpathians for ecological optimizing their structure. Methodology: calculations were carried out using correlation and regression analysis, and the dependence of eroded land on agricultural development; plowing and forest cover of Precarpathians region was quantified. This made it possible to build models of correlations that contain two-factor dependencies. Research results. Development factors and intensification of erosion in agro landscapes of Precarpathians are considered. The peculiarities of the water regime of the region’s soils have been studied. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of anthropogenic transformations of natural complexes are characterized. The extent to which modern land distribution does not meet environmentally sound standards has been assessed. The formation of water run-off according to the ratio of land area is explained. Indicators of the optimized structure of agro ecosystems of Precarpathians are calculated. These optimal ratios of land in Precarpathians should be taken into account when planning and taking into practice regional programs for the use and protection of agricultural landscapes in the region, the implementation of anti-erosion and natural-agricultural zoning of land.
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Multilevel magnetic anomaly approximation by magnetized rods on the territory of Polar Urals
Authors L. A. Muravyev and N. V. FedorovaSummaryWe performed approximation of the magnetic anomalies, given at three different heights by global models Circum-Arctic mapping project CAMP-M, EMAG2_v3 and WDMAM 2, corresponding to altitudes of 1, 4 and 5 km respectively for the territory of the Polar Urals and the adjacent Arctic Ocean area. The data from these models were approximated by singular sources - uniformly magnetized rods. Optimization of source parameters was implemented using parallel computing on a GPU. Approximation allowed the calculation of the vertical component of the anomalous magnetic field for further application of interpretation methods. Simultaneous approximation of the magnetic field of several different global models makes it possible to compare the quality of these models with each other.
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Preliminary investigation of the crustal structure of the Middle Urals by geomagnetic methods, based on the global model EMAG2
Authors L. A. Muravyv, A. L. Rublev and N. V. FedorovaSummaryThe EMAG2 database of lithospheric magnetic anomalies was used to construct a magnetic model of the earth’s crust within the Middle Urals and adjacent margins of the East European platform and the West Siberian plate on an area 800×500 km. The vertical component of the magnetic anomalies has been identified by an approximation method using the class of singular sources - magnetized rods. The data obtained make it possible to apply computational methods for harmonic functions. Studies of the structural features of the magnetic field have been carried out. Computer programs were used in which parallel computations were implemented. Anomalies from the granite and basalt layers of the earth’s crust were separated, for which the surfaces of magnetized sources were constructed using the method of local corrections. Within the granite layer, the magnetic model is built for a magnetization of 3 A/m. The sources of regional anomalies in the western part of the territory within the margin of the East European platform and the western slope of the Middle Urals have a high magnetization of about 6 A/m.
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GIS-Technologies Use to Analyse the Results of Monitoring of the Zmiinyi Island and the Adjacent Black Sea Shelf
Authors Ye. Gazyetov, V. Medinets, S. Snihirov, I. Suchkov, A. Buyanovskiy, Y. Nazarchuk, E. Cherkez, S. Medinets and I. SoltysSummaryPurpose of the work was to generalise the experience of GIS-technologies use to establish an effective system for visualisation and analysis of study results of the unique Island Zmiinyi in the northwestern Black Sea (NWBS). Methodology of the data analysis and processing included bathymetric surveys using sonar and ArcGIS software for Digital Elevation Model (DEM) development and mapping of the main characteristics of the island and coastal ecosystems. Results. The DEM of the Zmiinyi Island and the adjacent shelf was based on the “Zmiinyi Island” GIS-system comprising the blocks of: (i) information accumulation, processing and management, (ii) archives of maps and measurement data, (iii) visualization and preparation of cartographic material, as well as (iv) updatable set of thematic maps (layers). The results of comparison between the available cartographic material and the developed bathymetric maps demonstrated good convergence with the 1:50000-scale map and significant disagreements at generation of the larger scale raster maps. Some examples of thematic maps (layers) development were presented. Conclusions. Use of GIS technologies for analysis of monitoring data on the ecosystems of Zmiinyi island and adjacent shelf increase significantly the speed and quality of data analysis and their representativeness and highly recommended for other areas of NWBS.
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Tectonic zoning scheme of the Bashkir Cis-Urals consolidated crust basement
Authors V. S. Druzhinin, N. I. Nachapkin, V. Yu. Osipov and L. A. MuravyevSummaryWe present the tectonic zoning diagram of the consolidated crust with a predictive assessment of the oil and gas potential of the pre-Devonian sediments of the Bashkir Cis-Ural region. The crust is divided into the Lower Archean megablock in the west and the Lower Proterozoic protogeosynclinal, partially granitized in the Riphean, in the east. Megablocks are separated by the Birsk-Aksenovsk zone, which is a part of the Kaltasin-Pre-Caspian border zone. Tuimazin latitudinal deep dislocation divides the territory into northern and southern sectors. It is shown that the Pre-Ural trough is an independent tectonic subdivision that is part of the Pre-Ural-Aral border zone.
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Features of the composition and deformation of rock within the Marmarosh massif (in Ukraine)
Authors A. Murovska, O. Gintov, V. Alokhin, V. Ishkov, A. Boiarska and S. MychakSummaryThe Marmarosh massif (MM) is located in the Transcarpathian Ukraine next to Romanian border being northwest prolongation of the Bucovinian–Getic nappe system. MM is built by metamorphosed Riphean–Vendian, Cambrian and Upper Paleozoic, as well as Meso-Cenozoic rocks. The Bilyi Potik and Dilove nappes were distinguished within MM. In front of MM the narrow Kaminnyi Potik unit composed of Mesosoic roks is present. The Monastyrets unit composed by Paleogen flisch thrusted eastward over MM. We performed geological-structural and tectonophysical work and microscopic study of Riphean — Lower Cretaceous rocks of faults aiming to clarify MM tectonics and evolution. We reconstructed paleostress pattern using sets of slicken-sides. Majority of compression axes is near W-E trending being orthogonal to thrust front of the Monastyrets unit and may be relates to late Alpine stage. Normal-type stress field and south-western extension are also revealed. The extension may be corresponds to tectonic windows formation in the Dilove nappe during neotectonics stage. In thin sections, signs of dynamometamorphism are observed everywhere: microbudding, mylonitization, deformation bands, dynamic recrystallization, subparallel zones of intragranular microcracks, wavy extinction in quartz grains. Structural patterns at thin sections (microbudding, mylonitization, deformation bands, crack systems) are similar to those revealed at outcropes.
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Geological and industrial features of operation at the Oparske UGS
Authors R. Mysliyk, N. Dubei and I. PiatkovskaSummaryThe article presents the results of geological and industrial analysis of the operation at the Oparske UGS. The influence of geological features reservoir rocks on the efficiency of work underground gas storage has been studied. The heterogeneity of reservoir properties in the section and in the area of the structure, as well as the presence of poorly drained areas in the peripheral areas has been revealed. It is established that the achieved UGS performance indicators are lower than the design ones. The decrease in productivity is primarily caused by the process of spreading active gas in the deposit and its accumulation in low-drained peripheral areas, as well as technological capabilities. Failure to take into account the geological features of pore-reservoirs and the associated deterioration of technological performance at underground storage causes unjustified overspending and sharply reduces the economic efficiency of its operation. It is recommended when drafting or adjusting the operation of underground storage facilities to take into account the possibility of formation “stagnant” poorly drained areas and their impact on the operation of underground gas storage.
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Surface microtopography of pyroxene crystals
More LessSummaryThe surface microtopography of pyroxene from crystallithoclastic tuff of the nyzhnoantalivsʹkyi complex of the Vygorlat-Gutyn ridge (Transcarpathia, Ukraine) has been investigated. Goniometric studies have shown that the crystals have typical simple forms for orthopyroxene. The variety of microrelief surface elements of the orthopyroxene crystals faces with predominant forms of dissolution reflects the change in crystallization conditions. The inclusion of glass in orthopyroxene crystals attests to the rapid cooling of the mineral formation system.
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Computer technology for separating lithospheric magnetic anomalies
Authors P. S. Martyshko, N. V. Fedorova and D. D. ByzovSummaryNew computer technology has been created using parallel computing in multiprocessor PC. The method is implemented in a multithreaded C program using modern NVidia GPUs using the CUDA library and its cuBLAS extension. The article presents a method for studying the structural features of the anomalous magnetic field of the lithosphere and identifying anomalies from sources in different layers of the earth’s crust. To demonstrate the developed computer technology, a region of Northern Eurasia with a size of 700 km × 450 km was selected and the aeromagnetic database of the Urals region was used. Anomalies from various layers of the earth’s crust were separated and maps of magnetic anomalies from near-surface sources of the basement, as well as from sources at the granite layer and basalt layers, were constructed. These maps make it possible to establish the position of deep faults in the upper crust of the Ural Orogen and under the sedimentary cover on the East European platform and Western Siberia, as well as in deeper layers of the earth’s crust. The results can be used for geodynamic reconstructions.
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Geoinformation support of acoustic pollution of the city near traffic flows
Authors V. Zatserkovnyi, V. Babii, D. Romanukha, P. Trofimenko and N. TrofimenkoSummaryAcoustic pollution is one of the most important problems of our time. Due to the growth of the number of cars, the growth of transport mobility of the population, the industrialization of the urban economy, the contacts between the technogenic environment of the city and the natural environment are expanding. Acoustic pollution in Europe kills about 12,000 people prematurely each year, and 48,000 develop coronary heart disease. High noise levels also cause increased irritability, and often sleep disturbances. Traditionally, the main source of noise is transport: road, rail, aviation. Studies have shown that traffic noise makes up 80% of all external noise in Kyiv. Cars, which are sources of low-frequency noise with high permeability, make a significant contribution to the overall sound power of traffic noise. An increase in the number of freight and public transport by 13% in traffic flows increases noise by 1 dB. In the main territories of Kyiv, traffic noise lasts 24 hours a day. The WHO determines an acceptable noise level of 40 decibels, and a critical level that will already harm a person 55 decibels. This paper investigates the levels of acoustic load in standardized octave bands with geometric mean frequencies 63; 125; 1000; 2000 and 4000 Hz.
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Computing raster maps of Earth crust stress regimes in Turkey using WSM database and lineament analysis of satellite images
Authors S. L. Nikulin, K. L. Sergieieva and O. V. KorobkoSummaryThe investigation of crustal stress state is an important scientific problem for the theoretical investigating of tectonic processes and solving many practical issues of mineral deposits searching and exploration, underground structures construction, disasters forecast, etc. The available measurement data of the modern stress field, summarized in the databases of the international project World Stress Map (WSM), are extremely unevenly distributed, which causes the need to search for approaches to gaps restoration. A method for assessing the crustal stress state regimes (normal faulting, thrust faulting, and strike-slip) on a regular satellite data grid is proposed based on the supervised classification in a multidimensional feature space. Features are generated by constructing and processing lineament networks and contrasting boundaries of satellite images. The projections of the measurement points from WSM database are used as references. The method was applied in the northern part of Turkey. Based on the lineament analysis of Terra MODIS and Aster satellite data, a 21-dimensional feature space was generated and used to classify the territory into three classes with the predominant stress state regimes. The forecast accuracy was estimated based on reference samples and on average is 82%. Ways of further method improvement are discussed.
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The Comparison of Random Fields with «Power» and Whittle-Matern Correlation Functions in 3D area by Statistical Simulation on Rivne NPP example
Authors Z. Vyzhva, V. Demidov and A. VyzhvaSummaryThe article is devoted to using methods of random fields in 2D area statistical simulation (Monte Carlo methods) in environmental geophysical monitoring problems. A new method has been devised to simulate random field in 2D area with «power» correlation function, based on spectral decomposition, for investigation of chalk layer density on Rivne NPP industrial area territory. It has been considered the problem of statistical simulation of «noise» for chalk layer density realizations as random fields in 2D space. It has been constructed the statistical model for the gauss random fields with «power» correlation function in two-dimensional space.
It has been received of random fields in 2D area realization with «power» correlation function by using those models, formulating the algorithm and building programs. A comparative analysis of random fields with «power» correlation function with Whittle-Matern correlation function is given.
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Geoinformatic database of geoarchaeological sites of Ukraine
SummaryAn interactive database of geoarchaeological sites of Ukraine has been elaborated as an inalienable part of the project “Reconstruction of the natural environments of ancient Man’s habitats in Ukraine during prehistoric and historical times”. This database enables the synthesis and analysis of all palaeoenvironmental proxies, derived from archaeological sites. The data are collected from over 300 geoarchaeological sites of Ukraine and from more than 400 cultural layers. The format GeoPackage has been chosen for the geospatial database construction. A unique code ‘id’ given to each site and layer. The database is visualized as an online-map, which has been created using the Leaflet technology and the qgis2web plugin in QGIS software. The html file has been then imported into a GitHub repository, which enabled the creation of the web-page on the Netlify platform. Now users can obtain the information from the Cloud storage. The interactive map includes several vector layers: the list of sites of different material cultures, their modern environmental characteristics, the results of all Earth-science studies, fulfilled on a site, and the reference list.
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Methodology of scientific forecasting based on GIS of precious metal deposits in eastern Kazakhstan
Authors Y. Yeskaliyev and K. ZikirovaSummaryExperience of forecast studies testifies the lack of dominant factors of ore systems development and deposits location. In this connection, the necessary element of a forecast is studying and modelling of self-organized ore-formation systems based on understanding of interrelation between deposits formation and earth interior evolution.
Ore formation must be reconstructed on the basis of system analysis methodology. The information for such analysis can exactly be represented by GIS that will enable to find common regularities and common approach to assessment of studied territory perceptivity.
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Development of a web portal for presenting earthquake observation data
By K. BrudkoSummaryThis paper presents ways to create a modern, secure application for visualization of monitoring data on earthquake observations on the example of a geo-portal. The main criteria of the created website are UX- interface, cross-platform, fast and free access to geospatial information, selection of educational information about each seismic event.
The creation of the database-based model is the result of interaction of Python for Django technology and PostGIS. The MVT architectural template was used to design the website. Distinction between geospatial and textual information allowed to store new articles and publications directly in the database, with access to them from any platform. For the client part of the application, standardized technologies of HTML, CSS, JavaScript and their libraries are used. The built-in script for processing files GeoJSON API JavaScript for ArcGIS loads the map and displays geospatial data.
This web application does not require external resources, with the ability to add your own seismic maps, magnetometric data, etc.
According to this, it is possible to use a web portal to analyse the zoning of seismic hazards, provide information about catastrophic consequences, and create algorithms for their prevention and prediction.
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Theoretic basis of information support for R&D on geological environment management
Authors D. P. Khrushchov, O.O. Remezova, O. T. Azimov, V. V. Dolin, O. L. Shevchenko and S. P. VasylenkoSummaryMain provisions of the theory of information support for R&D on geological environment management are formulated . Basics of infogeological modeling as an innovative method of information support are presented.. Basing upon the scheme of geological environment management specific modified methodologies of nfogological models have been developed. iSeveral the most interesting and efficient examples of infogeological modeling on different directories of geological environment management are demonstrated, namely: . Methodology of infogeological modeling for oil and gas fields forecasting; . Information modeling of placer deposits; . Information support for R&D on hydrogeosphere management; . Infogeological modeling for geological environment of military activity; . Geoinformatic modeling of irradiation dose formation for the population. The same prospects have been made and have to be presented as independent papers, namely: Infogelogical modeling for the objects of solid domestic waste monitoring; Methodology of information support for research in seismology; Theory of information support for territories of salt mining. The prospects of further development for this innovative direction of information support for R&D on geological environment management consist in improvement of theoretic basis, especially the concept of GE frame organization, and expansion of the list for directions and objects of GE management.
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The contribution of geophysics to geoenvironmental studies
By Z. KalábSummaryAt present, it is very important to pay attention, among other things, to the natural environment. One of the methods that is significantly used in the study of the geoenvironment is geophysics. In geophysics, physical methods and principles are used to study the formation and dynamics of the Earth. This paper shows on selected examples the contribution of geophysics to the study of geoenvironment, which is necessary for geological environment management. Generalized procedures will be the basis for the administrative management of processes associated with the use of the geological environment. The primary data can be interpreted for various purposes and therefore uneconomical to perform the measurement again. Interpreted data are stored in databases of various types. The problem is greater with primary data, as they have different formats and often require specialized software. Basic information about the surveys can be found in the so-called metadata, but even here it is necessary to unify the data.
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The potential of water-soluble gases in Ukraine
Authors N. P. Khovanets, S. S. Kurovets, T. V. Zderka and A. V. YaremaSummaryThe prospects of the development of hydrocarbon water-soluble gases are explained. The main sources of water soluble gases have been identified. Gas saturation-to-depth relation is determined. The variation of gas saturation with distance from reservoir limit are thoroughly analyzed. The qualitative composition of water-soluble gases as well as its variation in depth are explained. The challenges that arise while developing water-soluble gases are provided.
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Enhancement of 2D/3D GPR Data Imaging by the Proposed TAEF Technique: Displaying Archeological Remains under the Colonnade Road in Anavarza Ancient City, Adana, Turkey
Authors M. Ozkan-Okay, S. Kadioglu and R. SametSummaryGround Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a geophysical method that is used for investigating and visualizing the underground structures. The GPR usage has been increasing recently, because it can determine and visualized underground structures sensitively without any excavation. The aim of this study is to enhance 2D/3D GPR data imaging quality with the proposed methodology and visualize the buried archaeological remains under the archaeological road called as “Colonnade Road” in Anavarza ancient city, in Adana, Turkey. In this context, a new threshold and enhancement filtering technique has been proposed to contribute to reduce the effect of the environmental noise and physical or chemical changes of the soil in the defined study area. The proposed methodology consists of three stages. The first stage is the GPR data collection and processing. The second stage is calculating a proposed threshold and an enhancement value. The final stage is obtaining a final GPR profile data sections by adding the enhancement value and visualizing them in 3D GPR data volume obtained by sequencing of them. The results have been showed that the anomalies more visible and distributed from its environment on the quality enhanced GPR sections and their x-y time/depth slice of their 3D GPR data volume.
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Refined mantle velocity model at Ukrainian Shield adjusted after Karato
Authors Y. I. Dubovenko, L. A. Shumlianska, P. G. Pigulevskyi and V. K. SvistunSummaryPurpose. The additional velocity boundaries defined from velocity gradients in the upper mantle under Ukraine area need to be validated. These boundaries are outlined at alternation zones of increased and decreased values of the P-wave velocity gradients within tectonic units of Ukrainian Shield. They form characteristic patterns that correlate with main vertical dislocations and boundaries of deep-seated inhomogeneities within mantle. We need to compare them with the known density distributions and derive proper local velocity model based on vp/vs ratio.
Method. To prove these boundaries we invert the 1D velocity models taking into account impact of inelasticity in the mantle after Karato (1993) . We compare velocity ratio vp/vs with the known density models as PEM-A, PEM-C, PREM, AK135. The resulting curve was recalculated into a density distribution curve.
Results. This procedure reveal a discrepancy between the common models and the estimated model up to a depth of 800 km, while below this depth the coincidence is good. There are outlined 7 structural horizons at upper mantle (under ∼180–190 km, ∼210–220 km, 250–260 km, 360–370 km, 410–420 km, 620–630 km, and ∼660–670 km) and 7 structural horizons at lower mantle (under ∼710–730 km, 760–770 km, 810–820 km, 1050–1060 km, 1660–1710 km, and 1900–1910 km).
Practical value. A new approach for the definition of the mantle inhomogeneities distribution based on vp/vs ratio is tested. A radial velocity distribution within mantle from P waves were obtained beneath Ukrainian Shield. It proved the previously identified gradient velocity boundaries within the mantle.
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Innovative approaches to information modeling of placer deposits
Authors O. O. Remezova, D. P. Khrushchov, S. P. Vasylenko and O. V. YaremenkoSummaryThe paper is devoted to the problem of information support for geological research and works aimed at developing the mineral resources base of priority sectors of the national industry The purpose of this publication is to present innovative approaches to information modeling of placer deposits of heavy minerals, cassiterite and rare-metal mineralization, amber. The tasks are the coverage of the methodology and methods, demonstration of modeling examples for typical objects, designation of a strategy for further research in the field of information modeling. The methodological basis of targeted information modeling is the formation analysis combined with the approaches of info-geology. Methodological and methodic development is predictive and reconstructive complex for modeling geological objects of various scales. The methodological complex of information support for research and works includes two blocks: a predictive-paleoreconstructive retrospective-static model and an integrated ecological-geological model of a local geological object (CEGM), including a digital structural-lithological (subordinate rank) model (DSLM) and other functional submodels. The examples of modelling of placers are shown. Prospects for the further development of information modeling are suggested.
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Ontology of geodetic, cartometric and morphometric methods in the geoinformation environment
Authors D. Kin and Y. KarpinskyiSummaryThe period of traditional measurements on analogue maps is coming to an end. This is being replaced by rigorous computer methods that will determine the metric properties of a feature with user-defined accuracy. The article proposes the research of conceptual and ontological models of geodetic, cartometric and morphometric methods in the geoinformation environment to provide a clear understanding of all instances and properties of these methods and to specify the requirements for the software product and its components. The ontological approach has provided a strict structuring of terms and concepts of the geodetic, cartometric and morphometric methods. It has ensured the creation of ontologies that define entities as the root classes of research and explore the relationships between them. The developed conceptual UML model and ontological model of geodetic, cartometric and morphometric methods in the geoinformation environment defines the entities and properties of these methods using CASE-visual design tool and Web Ontology Language.
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The implication of fuzzy sets for energy transition critical minerals modelling of World demand-supply projection
Authors I. Virshylo and M. KuryloSummaryThe low-carbon energy transition demands many minerals that are exhaustible. The success of potential replacement of the current energy industry by a set of green-friendly technologies depends on the availability of these minerals both in a global and regional sense. This research is representing the specific assessment based on the limited list of minerals most important for low-carbon technologies: wind, solar photovoltaic, concentrated solar power, hydro, energy storage, carbon capture and storage, and geothermal. A probabilistic approach was applied for the estimation of both critical commodity supply and various green energy transition technologies. There are 10 criteria were selected to describe the demand-supply system and 17 metals estimated. A balanced demand-supply system was described and calculated by the fuzzy set approach.
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Fundamental singularity points in elliptical orthorhombic media
Authors A. Stovas, Yu. Roganov and V. RoganovSummaryThe fundamental S waves singularity points in elliptical orthorhombic media are defined. It is shown that each elliptical orthorhombic model contains only one singularity point located in one of the symmetry planes depending on the magnitude of S wave stiffness coefficients. The S wave slowness surfaces are also defined.
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Geoinformation Technologies to Study Geology and Geomorphology Conditions and Features of the Riverbed Depositions Lithological Structure of the Velykyi Kuyalnyk River Catchment
Authors E. Cherkez, S. Shatalin, O. Chyzhyk, T. Kozlova, V. Medinets, V. Yavorska, S. Medinets and I. SoltysSummaryPurpose of the work was to study the geological and geomorphological conditions of the Velykyi Kuyalnyk River (VKR) catchment and the features of its channel depositions’ lithological structure. Methodology. The ArcGIS, Global Mapper, MATLAB and statistical software were used to process and analyze topographic, geological, geotechnical and hydrogeological data and lithological structure of the riverbed. Results. An elevation model on a scale of 1:25000 was built and used for development of a set of maps (horizontal relief ruggedness, geological and geomorphological conditions, etc.). Relief ruggedness indices in the catchment correspond to changes in the regional features of geological structure and rock material composition. They also determine the conditions for the precipitation flow and river feeding with groundwater, erosional rock destruction, sediments transit and accumulation in the riverbed. Cyclical nature of the processes of dispersed material accumulation is well expressed in the lithological structure of the riverbed sediments (changes in composition, thickness in depth and along the channel). Conclusions. Making decisions on implementation of the measures to restore the optimal ecological state and water supply for the VKR, the main regularities of lithological structure variability and filtration properties of channel sediments should be taken into account.
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Calculation of wave parameters for weakly anisotropic media
Authors Yu. Roganov, A. Stovas and V. RoganovSummaryTo compute the phase velocities in the weakly anisotropic media, we propose to transform the Christoffel matrix into an adapted coordinate system, and, then, apply the perturbation theory to the resulting matrix. The diagonal elements of the resulting matrix are initial approximations of the phase velocities squared. To refine them, it is proposed to use either iterative schemes or Taylor series expansions. To approximate the phase velocities of the S1 and S2 waves, a stable method is proposed based on solving a quadratic equation with the coefficients being expressed in terms of the matrix elements and the precomputed value of the qP wave phase velocity squared. The computational accuracy is demonstrated for the standard orthorhombic model.
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Bashkirian dolostone reservoirs of Bobryk oil and gas condensate field (Dnieper-Donets Basin)
More LessSummaryThe paper discusses Bashkirian dolostone reservoirs of Bobryk oil and gas condensate field in terms of hydrocarbon prospects. It is shown that Bashkirian dolostones are massively altered by the secondary diagenesis processes. Diagenesis affects the void pore space unevenly and may either decrease or increase filtration capacity properties. The main identified processes are dissolution, dolomitization, and silicification. It was defined that the most altered dolostone reservoirs have the highest filtration capacity properties. Thus, understanding these processes will give the opportunity for the possible discovery of new prospective hydrocarbon filed.
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Dynamic balance of natural resource use aimed at national economy’s sustainable development (the case of coal mining adaptive modelling)
Authors L. Horoshkova, Ie. Khlobystov, V. Trysnyuk and T. TrysnyukSummaryIt has been proposed to improve the coal mining management system in Ukraine applying a bifurcation and adaptation mechanism for the development of natural resource use in Ukraine. The economic and mathematical modelling was used to prove the necessity of taking into account small fluctuations and coking coal and anthracite export-import flows to rise the efficiency of the resource base of Ukraine exploitation. The methods of efficient consideration of the world market price`s environment as a mechanism of own resource base preservation, long-term forecasting of its development parameters and paving the way for safe development of metallurgy and energy production in Ukraine have been argued.
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Geospatial and magnetic assessment of soil and relief of the farming lands at the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine
Authors O. Tonkha, O. Menshov, S. Sychevskyy, O. Pikovska and A. BalaevSummaryThe precision farming require the study the heterogeneity of soil. Relief is one of the key factors of spatial heterogeneity of soil, which affects the redistribution of nutrients and the development of erosion. The intensity of water erosion directly depends on the relief, as well as the redistribution of moisture in the fields. The aim of the present study is to investigate relief of the territory as a basis for spatial variability of soil properties, crop yields, and soil magnetic susceptibility (MS). The geospatial methods in combination with the magnetic measurements were attracted. The experiment was performed for chernozem soil of Lotivka Elit LLC (Khmelnytsky region) and for the Greyic Phaeozems Albic of Kononi area (Poltava region) at the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. The fertility of soil was different according to depressions of the relief, acidity and low phosphorus content. Depending on the relief, the content of mineral nitrogen and exchangeable potassium has not been established. The soil properties, erosion, and relief condition are in close relation to the soil magnetic susceptibility. Assessment of the relief allows to predict soil erosion and increase the fertility.
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Mathematical modeling of the connection between different types of cracks and elastic parameters of quartz-magnetite-pyroxene crystalline shales
Authors I. Bezrodna, D. Bezrodnyi and V. SvystovSummaryThe work is devoted to modeling the influence of different types of cracks on the acoustic and elastic parameters quartz-magnetite-pyroxene crystalline shales group of samples from the Pishchans`ka iron ore structure. Models include ordered, chaotic and combined cracks, as well as the influence of the format and concentration of cracks. The authors calculated the complete set of components of the matrix of elastic constants, determined the differential coefficient of elastic anisotropy.
The results showed high anisotropy of the models and a significant effect of ordered cracks on the value of the differential coefficient of elastic anisotropy and other elastic parameters. According to the results, stereoprojections of the index surfaces of the obtained parameters were constructed and analyzed. A comparison of the basic sample and models is also given.
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