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62nd EAGE Conference and Exhibition - Special Session on CO2
- Conference date: 29 May 2000 - 02 Jun 2000
- Location: Glasgow, UK
- ISBN: 978-94-6282-117-0
- Published: 29 May 2000
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Geological Storage of CO2
More LessTo meet the targets for greenhouse gas emission reduction set by the Kyoto Protocol, many
countries are considering a range of near-term options for abatement of emissions. These include
fuel switching, energy efficiency improvement and use of renewable sources of energy. However,
to meet the goal of the UN Frarnework Convention on 'Climate Change, namely stabilisation of
greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, it is likely to be to necessary to make deeper
reductions in emissions. Other measures will be needed to deliver these reductions - for example,
geological storage of CO2. These will be used in combination with the ones mentioned above
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Assessment of the European Potential for Geological Storage of CO2 from Fossil Fuel Combustion
Authors N. P. Christensen and P. GerlingPower generation is the largest individual sector contribution approximately one third of the
anthropogenic CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Nearly all power generation from fossil fuel takes
place at major facilities, facilitating CO2 capture and sequestration. Total EU (+Norway) emissions
of CO2 from thermal power generation were some 950 million tonnes in 1990, the Kyoto agreement
referente level.
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Regional Study of the Neogene Deposits in the Southern Viking Graben Area - a Site for Potential CO2 Storage
Authors U. Gregersen, P. N. Johannessen, G. Kirby, A. Chadwick and S. HollowaySince 1996 Statoil has injected CO2 separated from gas of the Sleipner Vest field into saline
reservoir sands of the Utsira Forrnation in the central North Sea at a depth of approximately 900 m.
This is the first case of industrial scale CO2 storage in the world (1 million tons per year). The
Saline Aquifer CO2 Storage (SACS) project is conducted by a consortium of oil companies and
research institutions. This paper presents regional geological interpretation in the southem Viking
Graben area. Sands of the Mio-Pliocene Utsira Formation and the Nordland Shale have been
identified and their stratigraphical architecture outlined from seismic sections and well-logs.
Detailed geophysical and geological aspects at the injection site are treated in Arts et al. (this
volume) and Brevik et al. (this volume).
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Reservoir Geology of the Utsira Sand in the Southern Viking Graben Area - a Site for Potential CO2 Storage
Authors R. J. Arts, P. Zweigel and A. E. LotheSince October 1996 Statoil has started to inject CO2 coming kom the Sleipner Vest Fieldin the
southem Viking Graben area into a saline aquifer at a depth of approximately 900 m. This is the
first case of industrial scale CO2 storage in the world (1 million tons per year). Careful monitoring
of the behavior of the storage facility is hence required. To this end different time-lapse seismic
surveys have been planned (presented in a companion paper: Brevik et al., this volume). In this
paper the interpretation of the base survey acquired before injection is presented. The most likely
pathways for CO2 migration in the vicinity of the injection point have been indicated
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Expectations and Results from Seismic Monitoring of CO2 Injection into a Marine Aquifer
Authors I. Brevik, O. Eiken, R. Arts, E. Lindeberg and E. CausseStatoil commenced in autumn 1996 disposal of CO2 gas into a shallow water saturated marine sand formation located in
the Norwegian North Sea Sleipner area
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Issues in Establishing a Geological Storage Hub for CO2
By A. A. EspieBP Amoco has accepted the growing consensus that there may be a link between emissions of
anthropogenic CO2 and climate change and that it is appropriate to take prudent precautionary
measures now. Improvements in energy efficiency and more generally in energy management
represent the best options for reducing CO2 emissions from power generated from fossil fuels using
current technology. In the longer term, renewable energy sources such as solar power offer
considerable potential. However, in the interim period, options to remove additional CO2 over and
above those achievable from energy management are likely to be required. Capture and geological
storage of CO2 is a key option to meet this anticipated demand.
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Simultaneous Compression of Sour Gas and Water with a Multiphase Flow Pump
By Y. CharronWhen sour gases (CO2 and H2S) are disposed into the ground, they are usually injected as a dense
gas phase and less frequently in combination with water. Three cases of re-injection of sour gas
with water have been identified in Canada, using single-phase flow equipment. This paper
presents a solution with a Two-Phase (TP) flow pump for simultaneously, pressurising a gas -
liquid mixture and dissolving a large fraction of the gas phase.
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Costs of CO2 Sequestration by Underground Storage
Authors A. F. B. Wildenborg, F. Floris, J. D. van Wees and C. HendriksReducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in order to control the overall
levels of CO2 in the atmosphere has become an international priority in the
wake of the Kyoto Protocol. The Dutch government is developing plans to
reduce CO2 emissions to 6% below the 1990 levels by the year 2010. In
2002, there will be a preliminary evaluation of the basic measures taken up
to that point. If it looks as if the objective cannot be achieved, then the
back-stop measure of underground CO2 storage can be considered
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The Centre for CO2 Technology at UCL - Engineering Solutions to Global Warming
Authors S. J. R. Simons and S. BrandaniAccording to the lntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the effects of global
waming are already being felt, with sea levels rising and severe weather patterns affecting parts of
the world with tragic results.
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