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14th EAGE International Conference on Geoinformatics - Theoretical and Applied Aspects
- Conference date: May 11-14, 2015
- Location: Kiev, Ukraine
- Published: 11 May 2015
89 results
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Ratification of the resonant frequency method of remote sensing data processing on a local area of the Klondike gold fields in the Yukon Territory of Canada
Authors S. Levashov, N. Yakymchuk, I. Korchagin, D. Bozhezha, V. Prylukov and R. HatalaSummaryThe results of experimental testing of mobile and operative technology of resonant frequency processing and interpretation (decoding) of remote sensing (RS) data for “direct” exploration of various types of minerals on a local prospecting area in the Klondike Gold Fields in the Yukon Territory of Canada are analyzed. Within the surveyed area, a large number of anomalous gold mineralization zones were found and mapped. The derived results are compared with past results of geochemical, magnetic and electrical studies conducted by the Operator. They also confirm, in general, the research findings about the formation of the Klondike placer deposits from the quartz gold veins that are “orogenic” in nature. It is shown that for the small gold deposits, detection and mapping by remote sensing data processing should be conducted at a large scale – 1:2000 and larger.
Previous resonant frequency remote sensing work in 2014 identified anomalous gold mineralization zones within the areas of investigation in Madagascar, Sudan and Guyana. These anomalous gold mineralization zones were confirmed in the ore bodies that were physically discovered using trenches (pits) and core drilling.
The inclusion of this remote and direct sensing technology, integrated with traditional exploratory geological and geophysical methods, will minimize the cost of gold exploration, reduce the time of gold exploration, and increase the probability of success of finding commercial gold (high grams per tonne) or other mineral deposits. The effectiveness and efficiency of resonant frequency remote and direct sensing technologies have been demonstrated in over fifteen countries in the world.
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Experience of direct method using for hydrocarbon accumulations prospecting within areas of shale spreading in Poland
Authors S. Levashov, N. Yakymchuk, I. Korchagin, D. Bozhezha and V. PrylukovSummaryThe results of the application of frequency-resonance technology of remote sensing (RS) data processing and decoding for the detection and mapping of hydrocarbons (HC) accumulations in the areas of shale spreading within the prospecting blocks in Poland are analyzed. The obtained materials are compared with the results of studies on the local area of Marcellus shale basin in the United States.
Within the surveyed areas the anomalous zones of the “gas accumulation” (“gas, oil”) type were found and mapped. Parameters of some anomalous zones (their size and estimates of maximum values of fluid pressure in the reservoirs) allow to suggest these local areas for priority detailed study by geophysical methods and drilling. This is essentially the “Sweet spots” areas. The wells, drilled within the surveyed areas, do not fall into the contours of the detected anomalies; commercial gas inflows in these wells were not received. The hydrocarbon potential development starting of the surveyed areas from detected anomalous zones will significantly reduce the ecological impact on the environment. The results of investigation show that the projected productive horizons can be located both above and below the shale complexes. Therefore, when the hydrocarbon accumulations searching in the areas of shale spreading, the virtually all (available for drilling) interval of the cross-section should be studied.
In general, the results of experimental investigation show that proven mobile technology of frequency-resonance processing and interpretation of RS data allows you to detect and map operatively the “Sweet spots” zones within the shale rocks spreading.
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Expedience of direct methods additionally using for the prospecting wells for oil and gas location
Authors S. Levashov, N. Yakymchuk, I. Korchagin, D. Bozhezha, V. Prylukov and M. PetranovskayaSummaryThe results of the application of frequency-resonance technology of remote sensing (RS) data processing and interpretation within the search area of Zakhatsor (Republic of Kazakhstan) are analyzed. The used method work within the “matter” paradigm of geological and geophysical studies, the essence of which is the “direct” searching for a particular substance (matter): oil, gas, gold, zinc, iron, water, etc. Remote sensing data processing technology allows to detect and map operatively the anomalous zones of the “oil reservoir” and (or) “gas accumulation” type. Within the detected anomalies the depth of the anomalous polarized layers (APL) of the “oil” and “gas” type are defined by the vertical scanning of remote sensing data. Mobile technology allows to receive a new (additional) and, more importantly, independent information on the petroleum potential of the surveyed areas. The local site of three planned wells location was examined. The results showed that the wells are located in not optimal areas and, therefore, the probabilities of commercial HC inflows receiving in these wells are close to zero. The results of two wells drilling confirmed the forecast made prior to drilling.
In general, the mobile and direct methods using for hydrocarbon accumulations prospecting and exploration in conventional and unconventional reservoirs allow optimizing the location of prospecting, exploration and production wells, and therefore significantly reducing their number, the cost of hydrocarbon resources development and harmful effects on the environment.
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Crust structure and features of the geodynamic evolution of the South Shetland trough and Bransfield Strait (West Antarctica) by geophysical data
Authors V. Soloviev, I. Korchagin, S.P. Levashov, N. Yakymchuk and D. BozhezhaSummaryDuring Ukrainian Antarctic Expeditions (2006, 2012) new geophysical data for the West Antarctica bottom structures were obtained. The geophysical investigations included the geoelectric methods of forming a short-pulsed electromagnetic field (FSPEF) and vertical electric-resonance sounding (VERS). These methods were used for the crustal structure studying. Detailed geoelectric sections (with depth up to 24–32 km) were constructed for Drake Passage, Scotia Sea and Bransfield Strait tectonic structures as a result of these seasonal works. On the geoelectric models there are the major crustal boundaries and deep crustal heterogeneities. Some specific geoelectric boundaries below the Moho in Drake Passage are given. The occurrence of possible deep high-temperature zones of rocks may reflect the heterogeneity of Passage bottom structures and available processes of tectonic and magmatic activity with the local areas of modern rifting in Bransfield Basin. New hypothesis for geodynamical and evolution processes in Drake Passage and the Bransfield Strait forming is proposed. Data obtained showed that evolution of this region was determined as a result of a hot upper mantle plume upward into the Bransfield Strait crust. The VERS data obtained not confirm the presence of clearly expressed subduction zone at the continental margin of the South Shetland Islands, indicating the important role of thrust movements and extension of Bransfield Basin in the South Shetland Trench forming.
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Creation of a spatial database of prospecting works
By D. BozhezhaSummaryExperience of creation, accumulation and visualization of the information on prospecting works is described. The database included the information on 250 works executed by one collective for last 15 years.
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A new modified criterion function of information capability of spectral bands
By S. AlpertSummaryIn this work we considered some methods for selection of the most informative spectral bands. It was considered criterion function of information capability of spectral bands and it’s main properties. It was also proposed a new method to select spectral bands, which is based on the concept of new modified criterion function of information capability of spectral bands. In this work we considered an example using these criterion functions. It was shown, that the proposed new modified criterion function of information capability of spectral bands has some advantages and gives more accurate results than other methods.
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The distribution of electrical conductivity in the depths of the Crimean region
Authors T. Burakhovych and A. KushnirSummaryCorrespondence of regions of manifestations of ultradeep fluids observed in seismic tomography data to high conductivity anomalies in the Earth’s crust and upper mantle (seen in a quasi-3D model) as well as to increased heat flow and to distribution of hypocenters of earthquakes proves a connection of seismic activity in the Crimean region with manifestation of collision processes and a connection of the latter with the manifestation of ultradeep fluids processes.
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Specialized geoinformation system RAPID: features, structure, tasks
Authors B. Busygin and S. NikulinSummaryLast decades are defined by actively adopting remote sensing data, mainly including space imagery, in geoscience. One of the promising scientific and technical approaches, which allow efficiently managing large volumes of satellite images and other geospatial data and acquiring new useful information from this data, is a usage of geoinformation systems (GIS). Such systems must have capabilities to store, process, and visualize spatial data and analyze this data using Data mining approach. Specialized GIS RAPID (Recognition, Automatic Prognostication, Data Interpretation) is created in State Higher Education Institution “National Mining University”. The report gives basic facts concerning the system, its functional potential and examples of its application.
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Identification of weakened zones waterproof strata on Verkhnekamsk potassium deposit by the ground-underground gravimetric method
More LessSummaryOn the Verkhnekamsk potassium deposit located in the West of the Urals, the main problem for safe operation of mines is the preservation waterproof strata of rocks, i.e. thickness between the mines and the surface. The observation of this layer is performed by a complex of geophysical methods. An important role in this complex is reserved gravimetry, which includes observation of gravity in the mines. For example, the interpretation gravity field on one of the mines of the Verkhnekamsk potassium deposit shows the effectiveness of the implementation of surface and underground survey in order to detect weakened fractured zones waterproof strata in the complex of measures of safe operation of mining enterprises.
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Possibilities of MT/MV researches for prediction of mineral deposits in the Ukrainian shield
Authors E. Sheremet, T. Burakhovich, I. Nikolaev and B. ShirkovSummaryDeposits and occurrences of rare, precious, radioactive metals, phosphorus, titanium and other minerals that are spatially and genetically related to the distribution of ore-bearing metasomatic rocks and differentiated intrusions were predicted according to the results of geoelectric research of the Ukrainian Shield.
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Magnetic susceptibility of environmental objects in the hydrocarbon presence
Authors O. Menshov and R. KuderavetsSummaryThe measurements of soil magnetic susceptibility are an express and high-performance method for studying the hydrocarbons influences to the geological layers and soil. The informational content of the soils magnetic researches in the presence of hydrocarbons is: soil magnetic anomalies grading, the hydrocarbon fluid impact to the environmental magnetism, the change of the magnetic susceptibility of soils as a result of the autogenic magnetic minerals formation under the influence of refined production, technogenic and anthropogenic pollution by hydrocarbons. The magnetic susceptibility and its frequency dependence give the opportunity to identify and explain the processes mentioned above. Microorganisms are involved in the biodegradation of petroleum products. To determine the pedogenic, technogenic and, presumably, hydrocarbon-induced magnetic signals in soils, we used the frequency dependent magnetic susceptibility analyses. Non-polluted soils show lower values of magnetic susceptibility than those containing traces of hydrocarbons. For the entire sample, MS×10–8 m3/kg is: 7≤ MSlf ≤68, the mean is 21; Kfd: 3≤Kfd≤34, the mean is 8. Our findings suggest that the Kfd values are more than 3% and there is a straight regression dependence. Therefore, the soils of the studied hydrocarbon field are non-polluted and their magnetism can only be of pedogenic or hydrocarbon origin.
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Lognormal kriging for modeling of geogenic radon potential
Authors O. Shabatura, S. Vyzhva, I. Onyshchuk, D. Onyshchuk and V. OnyshchukSummaryLatest knowledge has been obtained on the structural and functional distribution of geogenic radon potential under territory of moderate ecological risk and submerged part of crystalline foundation. Based on these results development of geostatistical model are sufficiently useful to support the required regulatory decisions of radon exploration program including radon monitoring of equivalent equilibrium volume activities of radon (and toron) in dwellings and soil gas. The analysis of factor-spatial components of geogenic radon potential respond to a linear model and a few nested models. There are two large clusters of first nested model that have different spatial sizes. First component of model (more than 150 km) probably is linked to climatic factor and second (more than 5 km) should connect with type of soils. More small spatial cluster nested model are described by characteristics of geomorphologic-landscape structure of territory. There is some universality of main model structure are determines be radium content of bedrock and particles of soil. The main advantages of the geostatistical evaluation with geogenic radon potential for regional predication have been proved a correct prediction of correlation between the geological measuring of the soil radon and proper of long-duration measuring of radon into dwellings. It will give a possibility to correct routine measuring of radon levels in indoor air of dwellings, to set out a system of new observation in regions with a high dose loadings as well to plan radiological investigation and protective measures.
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Information Estimator Using Minimax Criterion for Solutions of Inverse Gravity Problem
More LessSummaryThe conception of the hidden information about sources of gravitational anomalies as joint fragment of the true model and disturbing objects has been introduced. It is shown, that in the presence of uncertainty inherent to inverse problems, the limit of possibilities of algorithms for constructing the best estimates of model parameters of sources is to maximize the guaranteed volume of hidden information. It is proved that optimal solutions of inverse problems, which realized the known conception of the minimax, have the maximum of the informativity (in this sense). Technologies of building of sufficiently representative subsets of feasible solutions, already tested on another class of inverse problems, have been offered. They have been fixed in the basis of minimax algorithms for solving inverse problems of the ore type. The examples of application of minimax algorithms of the solution of gravity inverse problems are given in the article.
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Geothermal conditions and crustal structure of the northwestern Carpathians
By R. KutasSummaryIn the northwestern Carpathian region three geothermal zones have been revealed corresponding with main tectonic elements with different ages: late Proterozoic early – Paleozoic (low heat flow, 40–55 mW/m2), late Paleozoic – early Mesozoic (intermediate heat flow, 50–70 mW/m2), late Mesozoic – Cenozoic (high heat flow, 70–110 mW/m2). The analysis of heat flow data, crustal structure and 2D numerical geothermal modeling along two seismic profiles crossing the main Carpathian tectonic allow us to conclude the heat flow changes are due to variable mantle component of heat flow, feature of the tectonic evolution and structure of the crust. The mantle heat flow changes from 20 mW/m2 in the East European Platform to 70 mW/m2 in Pannonian Basin and crustal thickness decreases from 40–50 km to 22–30 km. High mantle heat flow in the Pannonian Basin was associated with astenosphere uplift 25–30 Ma ago.
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Processing of MT/MV data on the Dovzhanka-Buz’ke profile
Authors B. Shyrkov, A. Kushnir and A. UsenkoSummaryThe results of MTS and MVP field research were processed using the PRC_MTMV software and the transfer operators in a wide range of periods were obtained. Their pseudosections allow to qualitatively assess the electrical conductivity along the profile. Anomalous areas, mostly coinciding with the deep fault zones of the Ukrainian Shield (Podilska, Talnovska, Gvozdavska, Vradiyvska and Pervomayska) were allocated.
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A componentwise Newton type method for solving the structural inverse gravity problem
Authors E. Akimova and A. SkurydinaSummaryFor solving the structural inverse gravity problem, a componentwise Newton type method is proposed. Parallelization of the algorithm and its implementation on a multicore Intel processor is developed. For a two-layer medium model, the structural inverse problem of reconstructing the interface between media is solved. The comparison of the componentwise Newton type method and modified Newton method in terms of the number of iterations and execution time is carried out.
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Earthquakes of Nadvirna area (Ukrainian Precarpathians) and kinematics of the breaks
More LessSummaryThe analysis of seismicity of Nadvirna area was made and tectonic localization of local earthquakes hypocenter is shown. Researches show that epicenters of earthquakes are located in the tectonic unit, which is formed by intersection of Precarpathian and Shopur-Nadvirna-Monastyrets faults. By the I. Gorbunova method the directions of breaks propagation are determined and these directions coincide with carpathian and anti-carpathian directions of major tectonic faults in investigated area.
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Results of pore space structure evaluation and complex analysis of petrophysical data for Zarichna area samples
Authors I. Bezrodna and A. ShynkarenkoSummaryNowadays due to high depletion of conventional hydrocarbon sources in Ukraine, investigations and exploration of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs became very important. In this work samples from Zarichna area (southern part of Dnieper-Donets Basin), were investigated. The purpose of studies was to estimate the petrophysical parameters of the sample collection, to determine their pore space structure and to decide if these samples can be identified as poor-porous oil and gas reservoirs. Studied samples have predominately clastic and carbonate composition with organogenic inclusions. Macro- and micropetrographic analysis were carried out during the lithological and petrographic study of samples. Accordingly to the conducted petrophysical parameters studies and on the basis of statistical analysis of relationships between the properties of Zarichna area samples collection, few samples of rocks were chosen as promising poor-porous reservoirs for the next studies. Rock physics data obtained during the experiment under the variable pressure conditions were used for the assessment of pore space structure. This assessment made the estimation of different types of pores content possible. The analysis of all obtained data made clear that only dolomite limestones and some sandstones from the whole sample collection can be identified as compacted reservoir rocks due to presence of fracture porosity.
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Prediction of fluid saturation of rocks collectors according to the gamma-ray log
Authors L. Skakal’s’ka and A. NazarevychSummaryThe empirical connection for compressibility, porosity and pressure in dry rocks for arbitrary geological region is derived. The calculations to distinguish the dry and fluid saturated rocks are conducted according to acoustic logging and core studies; the distinction of oil and water is made. The empirical connection of the longitudinal waves speed and the intensity of gamma radiation is derived. The speeds of longitudinal waves in the case of gamma-ray log are calculated. The algorithm and software are constructed. All elastic properties of the rocks of the well section are calculated.
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Spatial modeling and prediction of environmental situation in the filling Dombrowski career
Authors N. Hurska, S. Bagriy, L. Davybida, E. Kuzmenko and I. FitsakSummaryThe relevant problem of clean-up activities the Kalush mining regionare сonsidered. Created DEM Dombrowski career tools of GIS. Done prediction and simulation of the dynamics career the filling brines and critical limits of contact with brine aquifer gravel and pebbly horizon installed.
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The use of geographic information systems and technologies in military affairs
Authors O.Y. Pona and L.I. DavybidaSummaryThe actual problem is the improving of the military topography, namely the use of GIS. Analysis of the most important applications of GIS and their basic functions are performed. The question of the use of the most popular GIS is surveyed below.
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Geoinformation technology of space monitoring of slagheaps thermal state
Authors K. Sergieieva and B. BusyginSummaryGeoinformation technology of slagheaps thermal state analysis is described. It is based on the methods of time series automated processing of multispectral satellite surveys and it allows maps creation of slagheaps with different characteristics of thermal state (burning, not burning). The technology is tested on the Landsat-TM/ETM+ and Terra-ASTER multi-temporal space survey data for the Donetsk city (Ukraine) and adjacent territories. Analysis of the research results allowed estimating intensity and evidence of combustion processes in space and time, determining areas of slagheaps buffer zones containing city building, green plants, bare soil and water bodies subject to negative impact of combustion products.
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Evolution of profile of radiohydrogeochemical anomaly of Tritium contamination within affected zone of surface radioactive waste repository
Authors V. Dolin, Y. Yakovlev, O. Shcherbak and Y. KutskaSummaryTritium groundwater contamination within affected zone of Kyiv radioactive wastes repository has been analyzed utilizing geostatistical instrument. Spatial and temporal regularities of evolution of contours and square of the anomaly of groundwater contamination and volume of Tritium released from damaged vaults are determined.
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Feedback velocity structure of the mantle beneath Thailand with seismicity of the region
Authors L. Zaiets, A. Ostrovnoy and I. BugaienkoSummaryWithin the framework of a three-dimensional P-velocity model of the mantle of the South-East Asia, considered the mantle velocity structure beneath Thailand and its surroundings with the identification of possible premises in the deep structure of the mantle for the manifestation of earthquakes in the region. The model has been obtained by application of the method of Taylor approximation of solution of seismic tomography of P-waves arrival time introduced by Geiko.
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The results of interpretation the data of electric and pulsed neutron-neutron logging methods for the study of low-resistivity reservoirs, example is terrigenous sediments of the Dnieper-Donets basin.
Authors K. Ruchko and V.M. KurganskySummaryResearch of untraditional hydrocarbon reservoirs are particularly important in due to the need to expand production of hydrocarbons in Ukraine. These species include terrigenous sediments of low-resistivity . They related to significant deposits of oil and gas, but in many cases they are skipped because his electrical resistance coincide with a similar electrical parameter saturated layers. Low values of electrical resistivity of reservoir rocks complicate the assessment of character of saturation of low-resistivity terrigenous reservoirs and determining the position of fluid contacts, effective capacity, coefficients of hydrocarbon saturation. Therefore, at the study of reservoirs special interest consists in the research of the physical nature of anomalous conductivity, which is necessary for interpreting the results of electric logging wells. In this paper the processing and geological interpretation data of logging well in low-resistance hydrocarbon wells was performed using the “GeoPoisk.”
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Probabilistic-statistical methods of data interpretation of electrical prospecting EP and SEP in the solution of geological engineering problems
Authors L. Hristenko and Yu. StepanovSummaryMethods еlectrometry are widely used to study the composition of soils and their filtration properties. The article contains a study of the possibility of use in the interpretation of the statistical characteristics of the parameters of the observed electric fields.
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MT / MV investigation of the northern slope of the Dnieper-Donets Depression
Authors O. Perestyuk, B. Shirkov and A. KushnirSummaryIn 2014 in Sumy region (village Chumakovo) were conducted long-term experimental MT/MV. Purpose this work is long-term observational data processing using two program complexes (PRC_MTMV, PTS), obtaining frequency dependencies transfer functions MT / MV operators and comparison of results. Obtained frequency dependence of the amplitude and phase of impedance, apparent resistivity and typperiv. Perfomed processing and comparing the program complexes ,we can say, they are different methodical decision and ways to of their implementation. have different approaches to the processing MT / MV data, but give quite comparable results.
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The planning of the GIS-project for the long-term hydrogeology prognostication on the basis systems of automation for projects’ management
Authors Yu. Fediv and L. DavybidaSummaryThe analysis of expediency application of the systems of automation for management projects is conducted in the tasks of planning of the geoinformative providing. The structure of works of GIS-project is worked out taking into account of conceptual algorithm of research and prognostication of long-term conformities to law of the natural hydrogeodynamic mode. The calendar plan of project’s works is made on the basis of facilities of the calendar-net planning in the environment system of automation for management of the projects Microsoft Project.
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GIS mathematical-cartographic modeling changes hydrogeochemical conditions of groundwater
By O. OstroukhSummaryThe work is devoted to research of spatial and temporal changes of hydrogeochemical conditions of groundwater horizon chop Mukachevo Artesian Basin using geo approach. For example, the chemical composition of groundwater considered possible, proved the feasibility and effectiveness of using GIS techniques to monitor groundwater. As a result of experimental case studies the estimation of spatio-temporal dynamics of long-term changes in salinity and salt components of the groundwater aquifer soil.
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Exploration of the natural gamma background in the system of caves Atlantda – Malyshka Kiyanka
Authors O. Кaras‵ov, I. Kopyl, A. Pylypiuk and D. TrutenSummaryExposure dose rate of gamma radiation has been measured in the system of caves Atlantida-Malyshka Kiyanka, which varies 5–18,5 mkR / hr. According to the results of measurements on 75 points, was created the map which shows the exposure dose. In our opinion, gamma radiation background in caves is controlled by the type of aggregate, increased values (15–18,5 mkR/hr) are confined to the places of the ancient clay deposits.
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Notices on the methodic of the digital gravity databases foundation in Ukraine
More LessSummaryThere is postulated a renaissance of gravity surveys due to improvement on the accuracy of mea¬sure¬me¬nts and to the development of software for the processing and interpretation of gravimetry data. An ade¬quate requirements to the modern geophysical practice are formulated on the optimal accuracy for the means of interpretation of the potential fields data. Main trends of reinterpretation of data being sto¬red in the archives are pointed out with the aim of creation a unified digital framework for the geo¬phy¬sical databases. The main problems there are the creation of high-speed solutions for digitization of maps and the creation of digital databases on modern OS platforms. A series of separate branches are generalized, justifying the creation of a new methodology for gravity (and other) databases for the territory of Ukraine. In particular, it is suggested as follows: for a database engine to use a Postgre¬SQL; for a method of digitizing paper maps – by A.I. Yakimchik technique (as an input for digitizing is not contour maps, but the measurements log (map of the field points being converted into the digital grid map of gravity anomalies); for a new standard of preprocessing of gravity data – the technique by Bychkov S.G. (needs to develop the own parameters for calculating of gravity amendments); to add to the standard set of maps for the interpretation the maps of the absolute values of the gravity field, and for this reason to change the Instructions on gravity surveys on 1980; to combine together in a united public interface the complementary data on the areas of research; to change not the secrecy bar on gravity data, but the concept of intellectual property: to replace competition within the access to measurements data by the competition on the results of data interpretation.
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Quantitative regional landslide hazard prediction using GIS within the Southern coast of Crimea
Authors K.Y. Boiko and O.Y. KoshliakovSummaryLandslides on the Southern coast of Crimea have been an object of long-term researches and explorations. However, the existing range of techniques to identify landslide formation factors and landslide predicting is losing its relevance today. This is related to the state of funding of the monitoring work that provides filling of the database required for predicting as well as to the change in research area - from grand landslide systems to shallow landslides in deluvial-eluvial deposits. The introduction and substantiation of the relevant method of regional predicting of landslides distribution and activation in surface deposits is important to overcome these problems. We propose to analyze landslide hazard areas based on using regional predicting method with GIS. As the latter, SINMAP tool (or method) was selected - stability index mapping technique. Using the slope stability factor as a criterion for determining the landslide hazard and geological-hydrogeological approach to analyze landslide formation factors, this technique provides an opportunity to perform quantitative, i.e. deterministic spatial and temporal predicting of landslide hazard areas. The south-western landslide sub-area was selected as a test site being characterized by the highest percentage of damage by landslide forms and numbering around 600 landslides within it, most of which are specifically shallow-lying landslides the activation or formation of which is caused by joint or separate effect of man-caused load (in the form of slope undercutting, overload or overwatering), erosion and weather conditions (in the form of excessive precipitation).
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Quantitative assessment of soil contamination using factor analysis
Authors M. Zhukov, I. Kurajeva, Yu. Vojtyuk, I. Stakhiv and O. MatviienkoSummaryConducted comprehensive assessment of Mariupol soil contamination by heavy metals. The level of soil contamination remains high, the main source of pollution is the steel industry. Established that the most man-made metals are Zn and Cu.Method of principal components was used to identify factors that influence of soil contamination.
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Abnormal cases of winter invading of cold masses on the territory of Ukraine
By A. SavchenkoSummaryUsing the regional reanalysis of the atmospheric circulation for the period of 1958 – 2007 the quantitative estimates of sensible and latent heat fluxes on the surface of the Black Sea in winter, as well as the statistical characteristics of the total heat flux values were obtained. The synoptic composites of anomaly corresponding to the extreme cooling of the Black Sea were built. It was found that the extreme cooling occurs when the anticyclone with the center located to the northwest of the Black Sea is formed. Established cooling is happening in the emerging field of anticyclonic center, located northwest of the Black Sea. Thus synoptic conditions were considered for extreme lowering surface temperature for Ukraine and shows the changes of meteorological characteristics in the European region through reanalyses ERA-40 / Interim. It will be shown that cooling of Ukraine and sea surface of north-western part of the Black Sea is under increasing pressure in the Baltic Sea and the reduction in the district of the Caucasus Mountains, and creating between these two areas strong cold air flow, which causes a reduction in surface temperature in the territory of Ukraine to 8 ° C from average in winter.
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On the filtering of magnetic targets within the deep by the analytical continuation in framework of equivalent sources
Authors O. Chornaya and Yu. DubovenkoSummaryBased on the analysis of magnetic data for a Pineview park of 30×80 m, a calculation is carried out in upper space for magnetic anomalies with the aim of their archaeological interpretation. An analytical conti¬nu¬ation procedure allowed us to divide the anomalies by the sources deep. A field extraction from the sources in an equivalent layer by means of calculation of the residual field from the anomalous borders of sources allowed to define the contours of magnetic anomalies. The additional calculation of horizontal gradient of magnetic induction allowed us to specify the classification of local anomalies by the amplitude. The results of interpretation have qualitative character, but allowed to localize the location of excavations.
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Estimation the upward migration of pollutions during the shale gas production subject to the results of space images decoding
Authors V. Lyalko, O. Azimov and Y. YakovlevSummaryСonsiders the relevance of the application of modern remote aerospace and hydrogeological methods in solving the environmental security of the hydrosphere when the shale gas will be production in Ukraine. Place your examples of the pilot implementation of these methods within the Bilyajivka site of the Dnieper-Donets Depression which is adjacent to the Yuzivka area. On basis of accounting the hydrogeologic filtrational parameters and the results of thematic decoding of remote sensing data we performed the tentative expert appraisal of the temporal rates the upward migration of pollutions from a fracturing zone to the ground water-bearing horizon when in use the shale gas probable production. The region of the Bilyajivka-400 borehole was considered as an example. As a result we established that the achievement time of the migrating pollutions from the fracturing zone to the ground water-bearing horizon level will amount to 50÷5 years. It will depend on a possible variability the active porosity value of the joint fissure that predicted in the region of mentioned borehole via remote sensing decoding data.
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Characteristics of the velocity gradient in the upper mantle of the Carpathian-Balkan region
Authors I. Bugaienko, T. Tsvetkova, O. Ostrovnoy and L. ZaietsSummaryUsed three-dimensional P-velocity model of the mantle, built by the method of Teylor approximate solution seismic tomography proposed by V.S.Geyko. This method gives a more accurate approximation of non-linearity and can be used at a lower velocity limits for functions, do not require setting the reference model as the initial approximation, gives the correct by Tikhonov.
The analysis of changes in the velocity gradient with depth Carpathian-Balkan region allowed in the mantle under different tectonic structures highlight layers in which the velocity gradient increases, decreases or is constant with depth. Shown top and bottom of selected layers. Shows how to behave velocity gradient with depth in the vicinity of the Vrancea zone, which is characterized by the presence of intermediate depth earthquakes in the 70–200km.
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Crust thermobaric anomalies of rocks lowered density and enhanceable porosity
By V. KorchinSummaryPhysical characteristics of different types of crystalline (igneous and metamorphic) rocks largely depend on their fractures and porosity, state of intergrain boundaries. Interest to researches of interstitial space considerably grew in connection with the study of migration of gas-liquid fractions, in particular hydrocarbons, in crystalline rocks on the different depths of lithosphere. All of gamut of appropriate and casual reasons, which influence on formation of pores and microfractures, to expose it is practically impossible. However, a tendency is exposed, that at petrographically similar groups of rocks the increase of porosity and microfractures conduces to reduce of elastic waves propagation velocity in them. In the offered work on the basis of study of connection of interstitial space with the longitudinal waves propagation velocity at high pressures and temperatures in the Ukrainian shield granites samples an attempt more fully to describe a change porosity and fractures of rocks depending on Р and Т influence of different depths is carried out, to explain some crust anomalies of rocks unpacking, which can be conductors of migration and localization of deep origin hydrocarbons.
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Petroleum potential study of Spinel Area (Australia)
Authors I. Zinchenko, A. Chernov, I. Pap, I. Trehub and V. KhalimendikSummaryReview of the results of our investigations of gas field in Australia. During 2 months our team was working on the project of gas field investigation to take part in competition Imperial Barrel Award (IBA). We were provided with well-logging data and 3D seismic. After several steps of geological and geophysical processing and interpretation, we extracted 3 perspective plays and 4 prospects. For identified prospects risked reserves were calculated. Also we came up with recommendations for further investigations.
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Information resource "Magellan Mounts (Pacific ocean)" - modern instrument for the execution of integrated geological-geophysical and geomorphological researchs
Authors E. Zhuleva, V. Rashidov, A. Metalnikov and E. ChesalovaSummaryThe information resource (IR) “Magellan mounts (The Pacific ocean)”, situated in http://guyot.ocean.ru/, is created on the base of the universal portal of P.P.Shirshov Oceanology Institute RAS for the collection and storage of oceanologic information. IR includes a website, a geoinformation system in the ArcGIS Online, and a database (DB). The website, the geoinformation system, and DB are all interconnected.
The program platform of portal is the configuration, included server Linux/Unix, HTTP-server Apache, server DB MySQL, integrated necessary programming languages and server applications. The portal design is form by the template using the Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) technology. Website include sections “Regional characteristic”, “What are guyots?”, “Database”, “Scientific ships expeditions”, “Bibliography” and the information about the project and institutes-runners. The General Bathymetric Carte of Oceans GEBCO (http://www.gebco.net) is the base of NE Pacific relief. Data in DB are presented by the text, tables and large-scale bathymetric, geological and geophysical maps. IR in addition to data collection performs the functions of guyots different morphometric characteristics calculation, interpreted with using of spatial data GIS-methods analysis.
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Exploration and evaluation criterions to estimate prospects of exploration, appraisal and production of unconventional HC resources
By A. KryshtalSummaryCommon and distinctive characteristics of the conventional and unconventional HC resources are shown, definitions in English and Ukrainian terminology are synchronized. Main prospective lithology-stratigraphic units of Dnepro-Donetsk depression for exploration of unconventional types of HC resources are identified. Structural and tectonic conditions of development of HC of different types in different reservoirs are defined. The possibility of synergetic geological circumstances of the development of different types of HC with potential resources estimated to exceed that of conventional ones.
Major exploration and evaluation criterions and evidences of main types of unconventional HC resources are defined. Main objectives are determined to solve the problems of development of the significant potential of unconventional HC resources of Ukraine.
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Indicators local heterogeneity assessment of the gravity field in solution tectonic zoning tasks
Authors O. Dziuba, M. Zhukov and M. RachovaSummaryAnalysis of the tectonic structure, genesis structures and their composition, nature changes the gravitational field of the north-eastern part of the Dnieper-Donets depression are provided. Methods of processing gravimetric data for solving tectonic zoning are done and automated system for calculation of physical and statistical attributes (standard deviation, absolute deviation, coefficient of variation, anisotropy, Abbe criterion, the horizontal gradient) is created. Algorithm of the assessment indicators local heterogeneity of the gravity field is developed. Since classical model of Gaussian distribution is appropriated to describe the distribution of the gravitational field inhomogeneity parameters over different geological structures, proposed technique to study changes in the gravitational field inhomogeneity parameters by applying universal model of normal distribution.
Distribution patterns of heterogeneity parameters of the gravitational field of the study area (Shebelinka, Starovirivska, Ryabuhinska) are analyzed. Indicators local heterogeneity assessment of the gravity field decision-making criteria to create geostructures classification system for solving tectonic zoning is calculated.
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Modeling of the volcanic structures neotectonic evolution of Vyhorlat-Hutyn ridge (The Ukrainian Carpathians)
Authors T. Andriiets, O. Ivanik and S. MuravkoSummaryThe geomorphological and tectonic evolution, spatial and temporal distribution of neotectonic movement amplitudes during after volcanic stages, the determination of tectonic activity are still the main problems of Carpathian geology. In the paper the results of the structure-morphometric analysis of Kuchavskyi, Syniak, Dekhmaniv volcanos have been shown. The structure-morphometric models, analytic operations with geodatabase design and spatial modeling have executed in GIS. The detailed analysis of relief evolution and tectonic movements has carried out. The uniform distribution of uplift amplitudes for Kuchavskyi volcano, high differentiated – for Syniak and differentiated – for Dekhmaniv volcano have been determined. The differences of tectonic evolution between Grabowsk volcano-domical structure and caldera of volcano Syniak, between interior and middle zones of volcano Dekhmaniv have been determined. Tectonically active local structures have been found. The amplitudes of the tectonic movements, generated as a result of Grabivska structure and Dekhmaniv volcano intrusive bodies uplift have been defined. The process of volcanic centers destruction has been determined.
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Spatial prediction of gas-generating sequences based on evaluation of vitrinite reflectivity in Dnieper-Donets Depression
Authors Y. Zelenko and O. KarpenkoSummaryThe issue is to identify the most promising rock mass, their lateral and spatial distribution, explore and highlight the main criteria for mature oil-and gas-generating fat-based distributions of reflectivity vitrinite (R0).
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Stable solutions of inverse problems of gravity-magnetometry on crystalline shields
Authors P. Minenko, R. Minenko and Y. MechnikovSummarySince almost half of the territory of Ukraine is on the crystalline shield with small depths, the primary objectives of geophysics is to search them all ore deposits. Solving these problems is impossible without detailed geophysical gravimetric studies. Most geological arrays and anomalous bodies strongly heterogeneous physical properties. It is therefore necessary to have a sustainable methods for solving inverse linear problems gravimagnitometrii to determine the model blocks in secondary physical properties. For reliable extraction of gravity and magnetic data of geological information needed sustainable practices conversion software maps the field in the multilayer vertical sections and maps of the distribution of physical properties at low volumes a priori data. Especially when a large error field. To do this, use the iterative optimization methods that are filtered at each step, any changes in the physical properties of the block model and clarify important details of the anomalous bodies. As a result of experimental studies found that iterative correction of the first order gives the fuzzy solution. Then it was suggested that the second-and third-order will be able to collect more concentrated on the field map in the process of technological residual solutions. On theoretical examples succeeded. But additionally had to align the initial conditions of the second layer blocks. The proposed method has been tested on real fields. In particular, the magnetic field map on Ukrainian Crystalline Shield. Solution of the inverse problem for the field by simple iteration gave very poor results. However, with the use of iterative refinement of amendments the inverse result was closer to reality.
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The changes of hydrogeological conditions of the territory of the Government House in Kiev under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors using GIS technology
By O. LiubchykSummaryHydrogeological conditions of the slope at the right bank of the Dnieper at the street of Sadova in Kyiv have been studied. Hydrogeological conditions of the area by natural and anthropogenic factors have been analyzed.
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Vrancea Earthquakes and seismic boundaries
Authors A. Kendzera, A. Ostrovnoy and T. TsvetkovaSummaryThe paper deals with seismic data of the strongest earthquakes Vrancea zone (M≥5) for the period from 2000 to 2014. presented in the ISC bulletin and Harvard catalog of earthquakes. Goal of the work was to determine the quantity changes of earthquakes and their magnitude.
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Principles and methods of the regional landslide hazard assessment based on analysis of the rock mass stress-strain state
By O. IvanikSummaryRegional landslide hazard prediction and assessment of the slopes stability is carried out by the different methods and approaches. It takes into account the different geological, geomorphological and meteorological factors of the landslide formation. The stress-strain state of the rock mass is one of the important criteria for evaluating of the slope stability. An example of the stress-strain state determining within the landslide slopes has been proposed. The geological structure and physics-mechanical properties of rocks defined the formalization of calculations. Examples of calculation of the stress-strain state of the slope with the active landslide has been demonstrated. It is situated in village Krasnyk in Ivano-Frankivsk region (the Ukrainian Carpathians). The distribution of the stresses in the different parts of the slope depending on the geological structure and deposits water saturation has been showed. Taking into account the slope parameters and geological features the proposed method is the instrument of the landslide risk assessment and aims towards the identification of potential landslide impact.
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Principles and methods of the regional landslide hazard assessment based on analysis of the rock mass stress-strain state
By O. IvanikSummaryRegional landslide hazard prediction and assessment of the slopes stability is carried out by the different methods and approaches. It takes into account the different geological, geomorphological and meteorological factors of the landslide formation. The stress-strain state of the rock mass is one of the important criteria for evaluating of the slope stability. An example of the stress-strain state determining within the landslide slopes has been proposed. The geological structure and physics-mechanical properties of rocks defined the formalization of calculations. Examples of calculation of the stress-strain state of the slope with the active landslide has been demonstrated. It is situated in village Krasnyk in Ivano-Frankivsk region (the Ukrainian Carpathians). The distribution of the stresses in the different parts of the slope depending on the geological structure and deposits water saturation has been showed. Taking into account the slope parameters and geological features the proposed method is the instrument of the landslide risk assessment and aims towards the identification of potential landslide impact.
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Geophysical complex for prospecting of alluvial gold deposits in the Magadan region
Authors L. Muravyev, V. Ternovskiy and I. KhasanovSummaryGeophysics is a cheaper alternative to prospective drilling and used in two main areas: the study of the geological structure of the gold-bearing area covered by unconsolidated sediments and in the study of unconsolidated sediments and forms the buried bedrock relief. To solve the above problems a complex of field geophysical studies on the alluvial deposits of the Central Kolyma areas is performed. Geophysical complex included ground-penetrating radar (GPR) sensing, electric profiling, electric sounding and micromagnetometric survey. Experimental geophysical surveys were carried out at several sites in the Magadan region, Russia, where industrial extraction of alluvial gold is planned. Comparison spent on drilling profiles allowed us to link areas of high gold content with confident observed local positive anomalies of the magnetic field from 5 to 25 nT and increased to 5 nT/m vertical gradients of magnetic field. By these attributes became possible to determine the gold-bearing alluvial deposit position in plan. Developed geophysical complex may be recommended before setting specific polygon boundaries placer mining.
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Geomagnetic field value calculation in Gauss-Kruger projection associated coordinate system
Authors L. Muravyev and D. ByzovSummaryModern high-sensitive magnetometers that widely used now in geophysical investigations mainly measure absolute value of full vector of the geomagnetic field. It is the sum of a constant Earth’s magnetic field, the field variations and anomalous field, which is the subject of study. For the geomagnetic field mapping and the correct interpretation of the survey results, it is necessary to calculate the anomalous field. Reference value of the Earth's magnetic field at each point is assumed to be equal to the partial sum of the spherical functions series in the geocentric coordinate system. In computer modelling programs object’s coordinates conveniently represented in the generally accepted rectangular coordinates system, in Russia it is the Gauss-Kruger projection, abroad - Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM). There is a problem of the proper calculation of the Earth’s main magnetic field components in Cartesian coordinates in a given projection such as Gauss-Kruger. The initial data are the survey points coordinates that are determined in different reference ellipsoids, for example, in Krasovsky ellipsoid. We have analyzed and developed an algorithm and a computing program in MATLAB for solving this problem.
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Assessment of the corrosion processes impacton the pipeline natural-technical systems by the electrical methods
More LessSummaryPhysical, physics-chemical and chemical types of influence are defined as a result of the impact of geological environment on the pipeline system. Corrosion is significant physical and chemical process that affect on the functioning of the pipeline transporting systems. Successful protection of pipeline systems may be effected at timely detection of corrosion damage, determining of its size and choice of protective measures. Geophysical investigations are the most important among the various methods that used to identify areas of corrosion. Electrical geophysical investigations are most informative among the optimal methods to determine the corrosion activity of soils. Electrical methods, such as vertical electrical sounding, symmetrical electrical profiling, gradient potential method and self potential method were used to identify possible areas of corrosion on the underground pipeline of filling station «Kiev-4». The low apparent resistivity and high negative spontaneous potential values are indicated that the soil is very corrosive and there is the possibility of the pipeline failure in the future. Electrical geophysical investigations along buried pipelines should be undertaken for the early detection and prevention of pipeline failure with its negative environmental and economic consequences.
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Spatial distribution of hypocentres of earthquakes of Cremea-Black sea region
Authors V. Burmin and L. ShumlianskaSummaryOn the basis of a new approach to the determination of the position of earthquake hypocenters the coordinates of all events for which data are presented in the bulletins of the Crimean-Black Sea region for period from 1970 to 2012 years were defined. Following results were obtained: first, the majority of earthquake hypocenters lie deeper 12 km, which corresponds to 12 kilometer border under mountainous part of the Crimea and almost no hypocenters, which go to the surface. Second, the distribution of earthquake hypocenters is close to the conical shape with the apex near Yalta-Alushta and earthquake sources go to depths of 300 km. Such distribution changes a view of geodynamic picture of the region significantly.
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Automated system “KERN-DP” of treatment and analysis of rocks anisotropy ultrasound measuring results
Authors Y. Onanko, G. Prodayvoda, A. Onanko, O. Shabatura and R. HomenkoSummaryThe automated system “KERN-DP” of the numerical analysis of anisotropy parameters measurings of ultrasound velocities are created, which provide the account of influence texture structure of rocks and their ordering. The automated system of ultrasound measuring of anisotropy parameters data of velocities of elastic longitudinal, "rapid” and "slow" transversal waves are tested. The integral coefficient of elastic anisotropy and polarization corner – the deviation of elastic displacements vector from the wave normal direction - are the most sensible characteristics of rock anisotropy and testify to the heterogeneous deformation ε at hydrostatic pressure P of rock.
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Informative study electrical properties of rocks in an inert medium
Authors M. Kravchuck and V. KorchinSummaryDescription of hardware and methodical system for the study of the electrical parameters of rocks at temperatures up to 1200°С in environments with different oxygen content. Shows the difference nature of the changes of temperature and frequency dependence of the electrical resistivity and dielectric constant in inert and oxidizing environments.
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Model truncated distribution hydrochemical data in the presence of measurements, which was lower threshold of measuring device
More LessSummaryThe object of the study was modeling distributions of trace elements in natural waters based on the truncated normal and lognormal distribution. The use of these models to handle hydrochemical data helped to solve metrological problem associated with insufficient sensitivity of measuring device. Proved that the truncated distribution models gives accurate estimates of numerical characteristics of distributions as a result integral characteristics of the ecological state of water bodies are more accurate. The method can be used to solve such problems in the study of other geological objects. The software module allows make all the necessary calculations in automatic mode.
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Pleistocene magnetostratygraphy and the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary in the loess-palaeosol sequence of Ukraine
More LessSummaryPosition of Matuyama-Brunhes boundary in different sections of the loess-soil formation in Ukraine is located in the different stratigraphic horizons which causes a lot of discussion. Loess-palaeosol sequences from the western and southern parts of Ukraine were paleomagnetically studied. The position of the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary was found in the sequence at Roxolany (on Dniester estuary) at a depth of 46.6 m between Martonosha and Lubny soil horizons. It is not consistent with the results which identified this boundary at a depth of 34 m in loesses above the level of РК7. It stresses attention on the problems of loess/paleosol magnetism and for ambiguous interpretation of paleomagnetic data.
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Determination of the intensity of seismic influence on the construction site of apartment buildings
By T. KomarSummaryAs a result of geophysical research the data of P and S waves velocity were obtained, determined the density of soil and groundwater level. Based on this information the increment of seismic intensity was calculated, which is due to specific soil conditions.
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Methods of development of geographic information systems and spatial databases in geology
By A. KarpenkoSummaryWeb application is being developed for increasing quality and efectivity of work with spatial geological data. This application gives possibility to work with geological information in convenient way and to easier manipulate and proccess spatial data.
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On the seismic activity of tectonic structures of Ukrainian Carpathians lithosphere
Authors A. Nazarevych and L. NazarevychSummaryIn the paper the use of results of refinement of coordinates and depths of local earthquakes in the Carpathian region of Ukraine for studies of seismic activity of tectonic structures of the regions lithosphere are presented. Seismic activity of some subsurface thrusts and folds and underthrusts tectonic structures in Folded Carpathians and Precarpathians is traced. The activity of cross subvertical and inclined (Oash and Tereblya) deep faults in the Transcarpathian trough is studied. Specific deep-spatial relationships between the local seismic activity and zones of increased conductivity in the crust is found, these last form the famous Carpathian conductivity anomaly. Probable mechanisms of genetic relationship of detected features of distribution of seismicity with regional geodynamic processes are briefly analysed.
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3D finite-difference migration with paralleling of process of computing
Authors O. Verpakhovska, V. Pylypenko, O. Pylypenko and H. SydorenkoSummaryIn connection with the transition to 3D seismic surveys or area observing system the volume of recorded wave fields significantly increased. Taking into account it the requirements for detailed results and complexity of the structure of the study area are increased too. In spite of rapid progress in area of computing, customary processor faces with the problem of impossibility to process three-dimensional seismic observations on a single computer. Therefore, the developing of software to implement the existing processing procedures involving a cluster becomes extremely important in modern seismic survey. The report focuses on the theme of parallelization process of computations to carry out a three-dimensional finite-difference migration.
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Providing the information component of hydrogeological processes using GIS in Kiev
Authors O. Koshliakov, O. Dyniak and I. KoshliakovaSummaryThe question of study regional and local changes hydrogeological and geotechnical conditions of the Kyiv territory. Created and gradually built up an array of information presented tables, graphs and a set of electronic base layers maps in a GIS. Collected digital information on hydrogeological parameters and geochemical indicators. Information system deposits of groundwater as a set of digital maps and basic information table presents a detailed description of the hydrogeological area. Later hydrogeological parameters and the balance will be adjusted as additional information and the results of mathematical modeling. With the help of advanced mathematical modeling and GIS technologies identified areas where there is a violation of the hydrogeological conditions influenced by anthropogenic factors. Done mathematical modeling heofiltratsiyi on key areas and assessed the current state of groundwater within Kyiv. Revealed the most vulnerable areas сenoman-kelovey aquifer system in terms of the deterioration of their quality. Actuality detailed studies of groundwater protection based on geological and hydrogeological characteristics of the structure of the territory.
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Methodology of quantitative forecasting risk assessments of exogenous geological processes using GIS technology
Authors D. Kasiyanchuk, I. Chepurnyi, T. Chepurna and N. HurskaSummaryProposed the methodology for determining the risks of exogenous processes at the regional level. This methodology is laid algorithm of space-time regional forecasting of exogenous processes, which involves the creation of predictive models based on the combined effect of spatial-temporal factors.
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Effect of vibration loads from subway to geological environment
Authors O. Dyniak and N. LavrovaSummaryConsider changes soil mass arising from the dynamic effects of transport and negative consequences of technogenic impact dynamic loads on the geological environment. Actions long loads associated with construction work, the movement of vehicles, especially rail, can lead to serious consequences for the bearing capacity of structures than single powerful vibroudarni load, for example such as seismic loads.
As a result of imbalances arise periodically the load causing vibration of the soil, which is reflected in its properties. Established that regular dynamic loads influence as on surface sediments and rocks at deep occurrence rocks, changing their structure and condition.
The calculation of the expected level of vibrations on the soil surface for conditions shallow subway lines. We have detected the condition of the geological environment under dynamic loads.
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On the relationship between seismicity of Carpathian region of Ukraine to solar activity and geomagnetic storms
Authors N. Lozitska and L. NazarevychSummaryIn the paper on the base of new determinations the spatial distribution of Ukraine Carpathian region earthquakes hypocenters and its tectonical-structural localization are analysed. Also the peculiarities of changes of intensity of seismic energy emission for 50 years in comparison with a Sun activity dynamics are studied. A tendency to increase the emitted energy of earthquakes in the years of maximum solar and geomagnetic activity is detected. In order to accurate the relation value between heliogeomagnetic factors and seismic activity, the calculation data of full earthquakes energy is needed, not just it’s fraction, represented by seismic energy.
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The research of density descriptions of rocks at high pressures and temperatures
Authors V. Korchin, P. Burtnyi and E. KarnaukhovaSummaryOn the example of wide spectrum of Ukrainian shield rocks experimental dependences of density on a depth are first shown. Elastic-density descriptions of rocks with a depth change on nonlinear laws. On dependences of Vp=f(Н) and ρ=f(Н) low velocity zones are show up. Inversion zones of Vp and ρ are investigation of rock unpacking in uneven and variable fields of deep pressures and temperatures.
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Neural network for acoustic data logging interpretation
Authors M. Lazarenko and O. HerasymenkoSummaryThe progress of systems for registration, interpretation, and data manipulation inspires the development and improvement of automated systems that require human intervention only in the area of their operation.
Reliability of amplitude-time characteristics of acoustic signals recorded during acoustic logging (AL) determines the resolution of the latter, which is especially valid in a conditions of complex architecture and\or poorly differentiated physical properties of the geological media.
Furthermore, the amount of the recorded data and its inevitable further significant increase do not leave alternatives for processing and interpretation, except computerized. And here in the first position moves out the key task for picking up the time of the first arrival of various types of elastic waves.
There was proposed an approach, based on the representation of the wave as a superposition of the back ground noise and the desired signal, the discrimination of which can be done using energy or other characteristics contained in the numerical implementation of these signals. Uses a network of artificial neurons as a classifier, which allows separation of the acoustic stream, recorded by the probe, into two conditional classes: 1) noise and 2) the desired signal.
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General characteristics of the interconnection regime variability of groundwater and key factors of its formation (natural component)
By M. TymkivSummaryThe overview about influence of factors influence shaping mode of groundwater as an example the natural component, are presented. The results of experimental example depending on temperature and precipitation, as one of the main meteorological parameters.
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Composition modeling for tomography inversion of seismic and gravity data
Authors I. Virshylo, K. Troinich and B. MatviichukSummaryDeveloped approach uses direct calculation of seismic wave’s traveltimes from rock’s model, which consists of mineral composition and porosity (saturated or not). Velocity estimation from rock model needs knowing density hence, it allows calculation of model gravitational attraction and as a result of relation between velocity and density includes gravity data into inversion algorithm. Doing this we get narrower area of possible solutions due to larger amount of independent data sources and rock composition constrains.
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On connection between earthquakes with the provisions of the Moon
Authors A. Kazantsev, L. Kazantseva, A. Nazarevych and L. NazarevychSummaryCorrelation between earthquakes frequency during 10 years and the geocentric distance of the Moon rm and the angle between the Moon and the Sun fz was investigated. Statistically significant dependence on rm was not found. Dependences upon fz appeared significantly different for different the hypocenter depths and specific geographical areas. It was concluded about existence relationship between earthquakes and the positions of the Moon. Further studies should be conducted on selected depths and geographical areas.
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Application of GIS in reserves estimating of iron ore deposits with complex structure
Authors A. Plotnikov, M. Kurylo and M. TokarSummaryDetailed geological and economic evaluation of mineral deposits in domestic practice often is done for deposits that are already explored. It is based on calculation of balance reserves. The evaluation is needed to integrate all components of geological and mining engineering conditions, which significantly affect results of reserves calculation.
Using GIS in geological and economic assessment significantly improves the reliability of geological information, especially for iron ore deposits with complex structure. Illustrative example is Pervomayske deposit that is located in one of the most tectonically complex parts of Krivorozhskaya structure.
The results of using GIS in reserves calculation of Pervomaiske deposit improved the reliability of balance and off-balance reserve determination on which geological and economic evaluation is based.
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Results of geophysical survey to identify the cavities in the rock mass on the aria
Authors V. Svistun, P. Pigulevskiy, S. Pakhomov and A. KyrylyukSummaryThe results of performed works of Dnepropetrovsk geophysical expedition DGE “Dneprogeofizika” to assess the capabilities of geoelectrical methods in the mapping of rocks to identify cavities and areas of possible sinkhole formation on an area of 1.5 hectares near the Central Market Uritsky St. are considered. To solve the problem, the complex of geophysical methods, which included audimagnitotelluric-sounding (AMT), audimagnitovariation sounding (AMVS) and resonance-acoustic profiling (RAP) is used.
The possibility of geoelectric methods at the evaluation process of sinkhole formation searching the underground cavities in rock mass: methods of field operations, results of processing and geological interpretation the data of these methods.
The results of the mine workings had an intense impact on the studied space and led to the development of “neotectonic” processes, changes in the under-earth and groundwater hydrodynamic regime are shown. These changes have caused intense differentiation of physical and mechanical properties of the environment and the formation of weak zones in which may occur surface subsidence.
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Global digital elevation models in regional geophysical investigations
By L. MuravyevSummaryEarth’s remote sensing data including satellite imagery are increasingly being used to solve a wide range of geological, exploration and environmental tasks including surveying, monitoring, ecology and economy. A number of global digital elevation model of the Earth (DEM) are publicly available now. Among them – a datasets, built on the topographic data basis as well as on the sensing from space. We analyzed the global digital elevation data applicability for determining the observation point height for potential fields modeling and interpretation. The analysis is performed on the Ural region’s Arctic section (48–72° E, 60–68° N) example. Three models are selected that covered area of interest: SRTM PLUS, GMTED2010 and ASTER DGEM data. GTOPO and ensuing GMTED2010 databases have maximum coverage, but lowest resolution, and is ideal for solving regional problems. SRTM data can be used in detailed geophysical work and is the most reliable global digital elevation model now. It’s greatest drawback – lack of areas coverage northerly 60° latitude. ASTER GDEM is much more detailed database, but a number of shortcomings and artifacts make it impossible to use for regional problems. The newest combined database SRTM plus is a DEM of choice for large territory modelling.
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The first experience of creating petrophysical database for research laboratory of Institute of Geology
By K. TkachenkoSummaryIt is analyzed the existing global geological database and problems that related with absence Ukrainian public databases. Offered the variant to optimize and facilitate the work of the research laboratory of Institute of Geology, developed a database schema, that can store information collected during petrophysical studies of core material.
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Evaluation of radiation from solar activity while flight journeys
Authors A. Chernov and O. ShabaturaSummaryThis paper is devoted to estimation of the absorbed dose of radiation from direct solar activity while flight. Measurements of the effective dose in the aircrafts during regional flights shown that the radiation in the plane increased compared with the values on the surface of the Earth. It was revealed, that level of radiation depends on altitude, latitude, time (season of year and exact time of the day), duration of flight and technical characteristics of plane. This problem is quite urgent and worth to be investigated.
According to the research, flight journeys are safe enough, when we have normal solar activity and if we fly under altitude of 18 km.
Accurate calculations of doses will be possible, if we take into account all features of radiation distribution, technical features and logistics of flight. It is theme for our further researches.
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3D Density Model Construction For Timan-Pechora Region
Authors P.S. Martyshko, I.V. Ladovsky, A.G. Tsydaev and D.D. ByzovSummaryDensity is important parameter for every geophysical model. It reflects main features of inhomogeneous rock structure and its lithological structure. The method and technology of 3D density distribution calculation with reference to the 2D seismic data is in basis of the proposed seismic-density modelling method. Correct 2D and 3D density models association of different scale and depth for small areas need special data organization for all preliminary and intermediate calculation steps. On the basis of the local corrections method, we developed an iteration algorithm with adjusting regularization for stable solution of the three dimensional linear inverse gravity problem and suggested an original method of layered density correction in a non uniform parallelepiped. The method was realized in the computer system of gravimetric data interpretation applied to real problems of seismic density modeling for Timan-Pechora plate.
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New method of modeling and interpretation wave fields monitoring data in hierarchic medium
Authors O.A. Hachay, O.Y. Khachay and A.Y. KhachaySummaryFor research of hierarchic medium we had developed an iterative algorithm for electro-magnetic and seismic fields in the problem setting similar to analyzed higher for layered-block models with homogeneous inclusions. We had developed an iterative algorithm of inverse problem solution for the same models, using the approach of three stage interpretation. For that we had developed a new integral differential equation for the theoretical inverse problem of 2-D electromagnetic field in a hierarchic inclusion, embedded in the N-layered medium. Keywords: direct problem, inverse problem, hierarchic model, electromagnetic and seismic field, frequency-geometric research
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Fractures versus layering at low frequencies
Authors A. Stovas, V. Roganov and Y. RoganovSummaryWe introduce the fracture-layer according to Schoenberg theory and insert this layer into a periodically layered elastic medium. The low frequency dispersion due to the presence of fractures and/or layering is defined. In weak-contrast approximation, the elements of sensitivity matrix illustrate the pure- and cross-effect of both fracturing and layering.
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Analysis of nonlinear physico-mechanical properties of sedimentary rocks on the basis of borehole geophysical data
Authors H. H. Guliyev, K.B. Agayev and G.H. HasanovaSummaryMethod to determine values of elasticity moduli of the third order of sedimentary series of rocks was offered on the assumption of the theory of deformation and propagation of elastic waves of preliminary stressed medium. Seismogeological modeling and cluster analysis are also used in the method applying artificial neural networks. Nonlinear elasticity moduli of the third order and Poisson’s ratio of sedimentary series of some rocks were determined.
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Compared detectable limitations of hydrocarbon exploration by different marine CSEM methods in shallow water
Authors Z. Guo, H. Dong and Å. KristensenSummaryDuring the past ten years, there has been a rapid development of the marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) method for hydrocarbon exploration. In shallow water environment two CSEM data acquisition systems which are called SeaBed Logging (SBL) system and towed streamer Electromagnetic (EM) system are developed in recently years. The purpose of this study is to compare SBL and towed streamer EM on detectable limitation by transverse resistance method for evaluating inversion result of marine CSEM data. As a result, towed streamer EM has an advantage at a shallow reservoir depth. It is not able to get a good resistivity image by Occam inversion. By contrast, SBL data acquisition system has an advantage in deep reservoir. In shallow water case, SBL system can also collect CSEM data for inversion. The inversion results have very high transverse resistance ratio even though in the deep reservoir case.
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Computer technology for highlighting the magnetic anomalies from the deep layers of the Earth’s crust
Authors N.V. Fedorova, P.S. Martyshko, D.V. Gemaidinov and A.L. RublevSummaryIn this work, we describe the mathematical apparatus and algorithms of parallel computations that are used for designing the computer technology. The algorithm for separating the anomalies in the different intervals of the wavelengths is based on subsequent upward and downward magnetic data continuation. The downward continuation procedure is an ill-posed problem, the regularization is applied. To recalculate magnetic field, parallel algorithms and software for multiprocessor computers were used. We used the computed data on the magnetic field for the Northern Eurasia sector at heights 5 km and 20 km for constructing the maps of local anomalies in the upper lithosphere. The map of the regional components was obtained by the upward continuation of the field to a height of 40 km and its subsequent recalculation back to the zero level.
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The new technique of solving the inverse magnetic problem for Denezhkin Kamen dunite-gabbro massif
Authors P.S. Martyshko, V.A. Pyankov and A.L. RublevSummaryAlgorithms of solving the problem to determine the components of magnetic fields for three-dimensional heterogeneous media have been presented. We attempted to use the technique of factor analysis for the separation of the magnetic field produced by a system of steeply dipping anomalous objects located under each other. In this paper, for the construction of the magnetic model of the earth’s crust solution of the magnetometric direct problem with the demagnetization is used. As a result, we have obtained crust magnetic model of ultramafic massif Denezhkin Kamen.
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The investigation of optimal regularization parameter for potential field transformation
Authors P.S. Martyshko, V.A. Pyankov, A.L. Rublev and D.V. GemaidinovSummaryWe have investigated the morphology of the negative regional gravity anomaly with maximal value near 300 mGl at different altitudes (Sierra Nevada Batholith). This gravity anomaly spatially coincides with the structures of San-Andreas and Calaveras faults (20–55 degrees S and 90–140 degrees W). In this paper we apply the technique of filtration of the long- and short-wave components of the amplitude spectrum of anomalies, using numerical methods of field simulation at various altitudes. For creation the multilayer gravity model of the Earth crust we need to know the field morphology of different earth layers. For this purpose we have investigated the optimal regularization parameters for gravitational field transformation.
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Correlation between subsurface thermal pattern and intensity of atmospheric precipitation in southern Norway
Authors Y.P. Maystrenko, O. Olesen and H.K. ElvebakkSummaryAn attempt has been done to reveal the major features of the thermal pattern in the Fyllingsdalen, the Ullrigg and the Årvollskogen boreholes, which are located in southern Norway near Bergen, Stavanger and Moss, respectively. Based on all available shallow and deep structural data together with 2D gravity and magnetic modelling, the 2D structural models have been constructed for the Bergen, Stavanger and Moss regions. These data-based 2D models were used as a structural base during the 2D thermal modelling. The obtained results of the 2D thermal modelling demonstrate that a considerable decrease of the Earth’s surface temperatures during the Eemian and Weichselian glaciations still affects the subsurface thermal pattern of all three study areas in terms of the reduced temperatures within uppermost part of the crystalline crust. In addition, the advective cooling due to groundwater flow is an important factor for the reduction of temperatures within the Bergen and Stavanger areas where the normal annual precipitation is relatively high. In contrast, the influence of the groundwater flow on subsurface temperatures is not clearly identifiable in the Moss area.
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The parallel algorithm for the gravity structural direct problem solution on the GPU
By A.G. TsidaevSummaryOne of the main limiting factors for geophysical modelling today is the grid size. It is very limited with available computer resources. In this paper author describes the graphical processing units (GPU) usage for geophysical modelling purposes. Gravity direct structural problem is considered which is an example of algorithm of fourth complexity degree (O(N×M×N×M), where N×M is a grid size). Idea of GPU parallel algorithm for this problem solution is described and the algorithm block scheme is presented. Also the simple calculation for the grid of 256×256 size was performed on different hardware and results were compared. Even the common home-class graphic card demonstrated the 64× speed gain in comparison with a single CPU calculation. The usage of 8 science-class Tesla GPUs in parallel showed the 752× times bigger calculation speed than the single CPU. Thus, the GPU usage has a great potential in the geophysics and gives one a possibility to construct portable and cheap high-efficient supercomputer which performance could be compared with previous generation of “classical” supercomputers performance.
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A New Multi Purpose Easy and Quick GPR Data Processing and Visualization Software
Authors R. Samet, E. Çelik, S. Tural and E. ŞengönülSummaryIt is well known that data processing and interpretation and also diversity and property of 3D visualization types, which facilitate the interpretation process to be easy, are most important way to success in GPR studies. One important problem in GPR applications is an analysis of the reflected wave amplitude spatial distributions because these changes are the direct result of changes in the subsurface unit makeup. Other important problem is 3D visualization and interpretation of GPR data. In order to contribute to solve these problems GPR data processing and visualization software is proposed. This software is able to correct and detect GPR data in 3D space environment, to search and use hidden results using smart amplitude values clustering algorithm and flexible amplitude color scale and to visualize GPR data in 3D space using new visualization and export tools. Proposed software allows users to search and use hidden results in radagrams to display complex data in an easily understandable fashion, thus improving the quality and efficiency of the interpretation.
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Tectonisedimentary evolution of the Abu Gharadig basin and exploration challenges for the Western Desert province, Egypt
SummaryThe deep reservoirs in the Lower Cretaceous Alam el Bueib and Upper Jurassic Khatatba formations are on the exploration agenda for the Abu Gharadig basin in the Western Desert petroleum province of Egypt. A new seismic interpretation substantiates further development of hydrocarbon potential of the Alam El Shawish concession block operated by NJSC Naftogaz of Ukraine. Recently acquired 3D seismic dataset, parametric analysis of seismic wave field to predict spatial development of improved reservoir properties combining with drilling, well-logging and testing results have enabled to propose a new different tectonic model that offers an upside prospectivity for several exploration structural traps related to pop-up and drape structures derived from wrench faulting and partial structural inversion.
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Statistics of ore deposits from methods of dynamical systems’ examination
By M. RodkinSummaryOre deposits are complex natural negentropic objects. The data set “Large and superlarge ore deposits” was examined using the methods of dynamic systems’ examination. Measure of proximity of Tanimoto and the fractal dimension values were calculated, and clustering of ore fields was performed. The used method of correlation dimension calculation differs from the common one in two points. Firstly, the feasibility to obtain the different fractal dimensions in different spatial scales was demonstrated. It gives possibility to examine the spatial arrangement of ore fields in ore unit, ore province, and in continent scale. Secondly, the new notion of mixed correlation dimension (e.g., for Au and Ag deposits) was used, these dimensions can be used as a measure of proximity. A good agreement of proximity measures calculated from the Tanimoto’s approach and from the fractal dimension approach is shown. Clustering of ore deposits from Tanimoto approach is performed. Clustering results testify that the process of formation of ore deposits can be treated as a byproduct of transformation of rocks between different geochemical reservoirs (upper continental crust, lower continental crust, oceanic crust, others). The energy of these tectonic processes ensures the implementation of negentropic processes of concentration of ores into the field.
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Theoretical approaches for examination of the distribution law of major earthquakes
Authors M. Rodkin, V. Pisarenko, Ngo Thi Lu and T. RukavishnikovaSummaryThe behavior of the tail of the distribution of rare strongest earthquake has a critical importance in the long-term seismic hazard assessment. However the brevity of instrumental earthquake catalogs and large errors in strong paleo-earthquake magnitudes prevent the reliable determination of the tail behavior from empirical data. It was found possible only to formulate a few alternative models of the distribution law of strongest earthquakes. There are the following: - a continuation of the Gutenberg-Richter’s law until of the maximum possible event Mmax, models of “bend down” of the earthquake recurrence curve, and the model of characteristic earthquakes. Here these models are examined using the theory of extreme values (the Generalized distributions of extreme values, GEV, and Pareto, GPD), and from the multiplicative cascade model of the seismic regime. The results of modeling are compared with seismicity of the Southeast Asia where the characteristic earthquakes occur only in subduction zones. Hence it seems possible that the nonlinear positive feedback needed for characteristic earthquakes to occur is connected with the active deep fluid regime typical of subduction zones. The used theoretical approach is available in all cases when the distribution law of rare strongest events should be examined.
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