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16th International Conference on Geoinformatics - Theoretical and Applied Aspects
- Conference date: May 15-17, 2017
- Location: Kiev, Ukraine
- Published: 15 May 2017
41 - 60 of 114 results
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Catagenesis effect on the Visean carbonate rocks in the central part of the Dnieper-Donets basin
By O.V. TunikSummaryThere are research results about catagenetical (late-diagenetical) alterations of Visean carbonate rocks in the area of Dnieper-Donets basin (DDB) pre-axial zone. These changes were caused by high temperatures, pressures and fluid migration flow. A precise investigation of secondary processes showed that they play an important role in regards to formation of the porosity and permeability in carbonate rocks. The subjection within intensity of secondary alterations and pressure-and-temperature conditions of the strata has been defined here. Consequently, all investigated strata can be divided in up to: a zone without crucial changes, a compacted altered zone with decreased filtration capacity properties and another altered zone with increased reservoir properties. Observation and chronical analysis of all secondary processes could help to restore the content and migration stages of hydrocarbon fluids.
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Bathymetric DEM: Offshore Cide-Sinop, Southern Black Sea
Authors N. Ocakoğlu, Y. Işcan Alp, F. Kılıç and O. ÖzelSummaryA new Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was created using the bathymetry data of Cide-Sinop region at the Southern Black Sea to interpret the morphological structures of the study area. Bathymetry data were acquired between 2002–2008 by the Turkish Navy, Department of Navigation, Hydrography and Oceanography (TN-DNHO) and studied under the research project of Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Project no. TUBİTAK-ÇAYDAG-114Y057). Multi-beam echo-sounder measurements cover 2.59 km2 area and depths change from −1 to −500 m. ASCII files consist of 171.2 million points, with an average measurement density of 0.05 points per square meter. Files were converted to vector points by using the developed conversion program.
The seafloor is represented by a quite smooth and large shelf plain with an approx. 25 km wide and the water depth of about −100 m. The shelf gently deepens and it is limited by the shelf break with average of −120 m contour. Slope angles from 0 to 1 degree at the shelf plain, increases about to 10 degrees beyond the shelf edge. The large shelf plain is widely characterized by sand dunes with an average height of 10 meters form E-W oriented belts of 500–1000 m in width.
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Morpho-structural setting of the eastern part of the Aegean Sea (Kos-Nisyros-Tilos-Gökova region) revealed by high-resolution bathymetry
Authors P Nomikou, N Ocakoğlu, Y. Işcan Alp, D Lampridou and D PapanikolaouSummaryA digital terrain model was created and interpreted by using two bathymetric data sets from the Kos-Nisyros-Tilos and Gökova regions respectively. First group of data was acquired as part of the scientific program “GEOWARN” in 2000 and the second group was collected by the Turkish Navy, Department of Navigation, Hydrography and Oceanography in 2005. Two data sets were conventionally processed separately, then merged and re-gridded with 20 m cell size using open source software MB-SYSTEM.
Kos-Nisyros-Tilos constitutes a large tectonic graben divided into three basins with 600 m average depth. This graben is penetrated by a complex volcanic group forming the volcanic islands of Nisyros, Pachia, Pergoussa, Yali and Strongyli and small intra-volcanic basins with less than 350 m of depth. This middle zone represents an uplifted tectonic horst above sea-level separating the large graben zone into two adjacent grabens to the north and to the south.
Two submarine plains and ridges were mapped as the main morphological features of the Gulf of Gökova. Strike-slip faults, reverse faults, and folds constitute the active features in the gulf. Of these, the Gökova strike-slip fault zone intersects and displaces all WNW-ESE-oriented submarine plains and ridges.
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Geochemistry of Jastraba Formation Rhyolites, Central Slovakia Volcanic Field
Authors L. Gavryliv, J. Lexa, S.E. Shnyukov and A.G. AleksieienkoSummaryThe Central Slovakia Volcanic Field (CSVF) is situated at the inner side of the Carpathian arc. The former is over 5 000 km2 and is known to contain large gold, silver and base metal epithermal deposits. CSVF is of the Badenian through Pannonian age (16.5–8.5 Ma), and it is related to subduction of the flysch belt oceanic/suboceanic basement underneath the advancing Carpathian arc and to back-arc extension processes. The extensive system of base metal, silver-base metal and gold-silver epithermal veins is hosted by faults of the resurgent horst. Evolution of the system took place during and after the late stage rhyolitic magmatic activity. The latter is represented by the Jastrabá Formation rhyolites and it forms the object of the research. Major, trace and rare earth element abundance in the rocks, that could provide information about different stages of magma evolution and variations in melt composition, forms the subject of the research. The evidences presented suggest that much of the geochemical and isotopic variation of the Jastraba rhyolites results from extensive mixing of subcrustal and deep-crustal magmas.
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Possible capabilities of existing analytical databanks use in modelling of geochemical processes
Authors L.I. Gavryliv, I.I. Lazareva, S.E. Shnyukov and A.G. AleksieienkoSummaryGeochemical modelling is a constantly developing branch of Earth sciences, which facilitates solving of the wide spectrum of fundamental and application tasks. Its success depends on initial analytical data quality, which is controlled characterized factors. This paper aims to review use possibility of existing analytical databanks, composed of different sources and analytical methods derived data on geological objects. In terms of multi-laboratory experiment, research techniques consisted of quantitative chemical analysis results of reference samples set (RS) correlation to the data on single-laboratory measurements for the same RS using different methods. The research conducted revealed discrepancies between analytical data, which only depend on analytical techniques. This is particularly true for dissolution techniques, which predate ICP. Certain elements demonstrate unacceptable concentration deviations, which render analytical data inappropriate for geochemical modelling or other processing. The paper clarifies that geochemical modelling can utilize only specialized databanks, which meet following requirements: (1) strong geological background for the sampling locations and sample representability; (2) full spectrum major and trace elements chemical analysis conducted in a single laboratory using single method; (3) analytical survey conduction by means of modern, precision and most sensitive techniques; (4) supreme analysis validation, which grants reliability of initial geological information.
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Determination of the plastic hierarchical inclusion surface located in layered block media using acoustic monitoring data
Authors O.A. Hachay, A.Y. Khachay and O.Y. KhachaySummaryAnalogies of process oil and gas from the process of mineralization, formation of ore deposits, which pronounced its endogenous nature, testify to the important role of endogenous factors in the formation of oil and gas accumulations. There is an urgent need to search not only the generation of hydrocarbons in the system with organic matter, but also in the broader system covering deposits of fossil fuels and ore deposits. The processes of developing oil and gas fields are connected with the movement of multiphase multicomponent media, which are characterized by non-equilibrium and nonlinear rheology. The actual behavior of the reservoir systems is determined by the complexity of moving fluids rheology and morphological structure of the porous medium, as well as the diversity of the processes of interaction between the fluid and the porous medium. This reservoir system, from which to extract the oil, is a complex dynamic hierarchical system. To address the objectives it is necessary to create a new interpretation of the theory of wave fields in the framework of a complicated model: layer-blocks with inclusions of hierarchical type. A new approach to the interpretation of the wave fields for determination of the contours of hierarchical objects surfaces. We developed an iteration process of solving the inverse problem for definition of 2D hierarchical inclusions k-th rank configurations. When interpreting the results of the monitoring it is necessary to use the data of such observation systems that are configured to study the hierarchical structure of the medium.
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Geometrical spreading in 3D
By A. StovasSummaryThe relative geometrical spreading controls the amplitude of the waves propagating through the velocity model. Usually, relative geometrical spreading is computed from the ray tracing. In this paper, I derived simple analytical formulae to compute the relative geometrical spreading of P-wave in the stack of acoustic orthorhombic layers with azimuthal variations in symmetry planes. I also analyze the kinematical properties of derived equation and perform the sensitivity analysis with respect to three anelliptic parameters. The simple and accurate approximation for the relative geometrical spreading is derived.
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Modeling of reservoir pressures in heterogeneous porous layers of oil-gas deposits
Authors M.V. Lubkov, O.O. Levchenko and A.N. ManguraSummaryOn the base of nonstationary piezoconductivity equation, describing press distribution in the heterogeneous deformable porous layers with the help of elaborated combined method, which unites finite element and finite differences method, and allows calculating inhomogeneous distributions of the porous environment parameters we have carried out computer modeling of the reservoir pressures in the heterogeneous porous layers of oil-gas deposits. General analysis of the obtained results shows that reservoir pressures distribution essentially depends on irregularity of bedding collector rocks and irregularity of their collector characteristics. Therefore, irregularity of the reservoir pressures distribution is mainly defined by geometric stratigraphic inclined irregularity of bedding collector rocks and distinctions of their collector characteristics in different directions. In the case of oil-gas deposits, exploitation with penetrated borders, the high bottom well pressure can be supported during ten years. However, it is necessary to take into account the fact of water owerflowing of oil-gas deposits. In the case of oil-gas deposits with unpenetrated borders, the noticeable exhaustion of the deposits becomes during one year. At that, exhaustion velocity depends on initial conditions of oil-gas deposits (their sizes and average reservoir pressures) and exploitation conditions.
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Lithogenetic fracturing of Paleogene reservoir-rocks of the Precarpathian depression
Authors S.S. Kurovets, B.Y. Mayevskyy, T.V. Zderka and A.V. YaremaSummaryThorough lithologic-and-petrographic research, fulfilled by means of complex microscopic research of Paleogene reservoir-rocks in cores and thin sections, points at wide development of lithogenetic fractures, opening of which is mostly equal to the first tens of micrometers.
By methods of statistical processing the data obtained from microscopic analysis in thin sections, it was established that there exists a regularity of microfractures spreading in the zones of intensive lithogenetic fracturing of Paleogene reservoir-rocks of the Precarpathian Depression. It was proved that the conditions of lithogenetic fracturing formation can be dated to sediment-genesis stage influenced by seasonal variations of sediment-accumulation conditions.
It was revealed that oil-saturated layer-by-layer lithogenetic fractures are good filtration canals, providing considerable flow rate of operation wells. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent fluid-conducting fractures from closing during hydrocarbons pumping out of them during wells development.
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The reduction of the magnetic field within development areas of the plateaubasalts
Authors A.S. Dolgal, O.M. Muravina and L.A. HristenkoSummaryThe problem of taking into account the influence of the relief of the earth’s surface when measuring the magnetic field over the plateaubasalts is considered. A new method is proposed for assessing the effect of sharply dissected relief composed of intensely magnetized rocks on the results of field observations. The decomposition of data on the magnetic field and altitude marks into empirical modes is used, and also the subsequent application to the received components the Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH). The results of reduction of the aeromagnetic survey performed in the northwest of the Siberian platform over the copper-nickel ore deposit are presented.
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The mathematic methods of short-term earthquake prediction
Authors P.S. Martyshko, V.A. Pyankov and A.L. RublevSummaryThe methods of short-term earthquake prediction and some results of mathematical modeling of the processes of fracturing in lithosphere are developed. General scientific methodology of short-term prediction is formulated including two sufficient conditions increasing probability of the forecast of seismic event according to author’s opinion. The implementations of factor analysis method and artificial neural networks for variations of radon are proposed.
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Results of the Arctic Urals magnetic data interpretation
Authors P.S. Martyshko, V.A. Pyankov and A.L. RublevSummaryWe have investigated the morphology of the negative regional magnetic anomaly of Arctic Urals. This magnetic anomaly spatially coincides with structures of Predurals depression. In this paper we applied the method of construction 3D surfaces using magnetic data. We suggest modified iterative local correction method for solving structure magnetic inverse problem. The 3D magnetic model of the Arctic segment of the Earth crust has been constructed. The main elements of subsurface structure at southern latitudes are preserved.
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Heat production by the viscous dissipation of energy at the stage of accumulation of the earth
Authors Y. Hachay, O. Hachay and A. AntipinSummaryAt all stages of proto Earth’s development the convective heat-mass transfer becomes a most significant factor in the dynamics of the planet. In this paper we present the first results of numerical modeling of thermal evolution of 3D spherical segment for a protoplanet with increasing radius and possible falling of bodies and particles. To describe the planetary accumulation Safronov equation is used. For the quantitative determination of the released heat by viscous friction a system of hydro dynamic equations of a viscous liquid is used. The obtained results show that the heat input due to viscous friction heat release at the early stage of planetary accumulation was very significant. That influence is defined by a set of factors. It was changed the width of the formed outer core. It was changed the distribution of the temperature and hydrostatic pressure inside the core and reciprocally the viscosity of the matter. It had been changed the orbit parameters of the system Earth-Moon. The received results depend from the parameters, the values of which are known with large degree of uncertainty. They have to be specified during next researchers.
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The experience of integrating of GIS techniques in the construction of digital maps of geophysical fields
Authors Yu.I. Dubovenko and M.P. KuzminetsSummaryThe creation of digital data banks and the computer modeling of sites (the replacement of field matrices with their analytical approximations) did not abolish the role of maps in the visualization and analysis of data. However, the results of the digitization of maps are ambiguous due to the dependence on the method of interpolating of the field isolines. The present analysis is devoted to the study of methods of authentic mapping of isolines.
The methods of smoothing isolines are studied: an adjoining parabolic spline, a Bezier spline, a cubic spline on a regular rectangular grid, and linear interpolation for comparison purposes.
It is revealed that the interpolation with cubic curves preserves the continuity of the curve, but violates the continuity of the first derivative at the interpolation nodes, as a result of which breaks in isolines are seen.
Comparison of the results of digitization of gravimetry data by different methods has shown that none of the methods of gridding approaches any exact solution. The method of the radial basis function for complex contours has an acceptable accuracy. The kriging method will be such in the case of fine tuning of its parameters on the characteristics of the object. To create a reliable observation network, additional settings are needed, which are discussed in the report.
The actual values of the field, reconstructed by different interpolation methods, give different anomalies. Almost the same kinds of anomalies are in pairs of methods “kriging – function of a radial basis,” and “triangulation – natural neighbor.” The nearest neighbor methods, polynomial, mo-ving average, Shepard’s are unsuitable for the restoration of gully type isolines with a high degree of ruggedness.
The output from the ambiguous field visualization is on way of a two-stage preprocessing of the initial data: fine-tuning of the gridding parameters for a specific survey and the controlled nonlinear filtering of data in the GS Surfer. Here, unwanted local effects can be removed by smoothing low-pass filters, while highlighting local parts done with high-pass filters providing the filter parameters are set correctly. The choice of filters depends on the physical parameters of the media and is carried out by the cut-and-try method.
Binding of coordinates and digitization of isoline maps with contour rupture cannot be solved in GS Surfer. However, the strategy of creating of digital gravity databases was developed, which uses not maps of isolines, but a measurement logs, transferring a grid of values into the grid of anomalies. Software for processing maps with a contour gap has been developed and tested on the simple examples.
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Investigation of the possibilities of potential fields structural transformations in geological mapping
Authors V.M. Logvin and P.G. PigulevskiySummaryThe main aim of the research is investigation of the possibilities of geological objects formalized localization based on magnetic and gravitational fields lineament analysis.
The computational experiment was carried out in several stages. At the first stage on simple models, the features of the appearance of the geological structure in potential fields transformations were studied. On the second stage, to create a complex regional background, additional density objects that are imitating fault tectonics were added to the model. On the third, the effect of random noise on the results of field transformation was evaluated.
As a result of mathematical calculations for the synthetic magnetic and gravitational fields, the efficiency of the proposed lineament analysis for geological mapping is shown. The proposed method of lineament analysis allows to confidently outline geological objects even in low-contrast potential fields. It is suggested to carry out preliminary smoothing of the original fields to increase the effectiveness of lineament analysis in the presence of random noise.
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On an information system of physical properties and composition of magmatic formations of the Ukrainian Shield
Authors O.V. Shabatura and A.M. OnyshchenkkoSummaryAn information system of the physical properties and composition of magmatic formations of the Ukrainian Shield was created within the framework of the scientific branch of “Institute of Geology” of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv led by Prof. Tolstoy M.I. In general the purpose of creating of the IS was to systematize the results of chemical analysis and measurements of physical characteristics of a wide range of magmatic formations but mainly granitoid composition of the Ukrainian Shield. The IS is intended not only for carrying out individual researches and development works, but also for the presentation of its results for educational process.
The IS is based on a thematic tables of database containing a large databank on physical properties (37 features), the results of chemical analysis of rocks (about 70 features) and the other geological data. The database is created in the Microsoft Access database and inherently this is an optimal way to organize various geological information. It contains information on 11804 samples obtained at 849 points of the six megablocks of the Ukrainian Shield. Also this database has a photobank of more than 500 thin sections, macrographs and polished sections of main representatives of rocks of the Ukrainian Shield.
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The practical realization of program-algorithmic complex modelling of magnetometric data
Authors T.L. Mikheeva, E.P. Lapina and N.V. PanchenkoSummaryThe results of the use of computer technology for quantitative interpretation of magnetometric data obtained during Second Ukrainian Antarctic expedition. Given the solution of inverse problems of magnetometry, when anomalies mass consists of a fixed number of the star bodies. In the approximation of the design to parameterize the sources used are two types of cells. In the first stage of the simulation used a vertical cylindrical cell with a polygonal cross section, in a second stage, the outer body contour is defined by the radius vector. This vector is a function of the angular coordinates. As a result of calculations we can assert that high-intensity anomalies in the study area due to magnetic sources with high values of magnetization.
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Flat elastic waves in periodic fluid-solid media
Authors Y.V. Roganov and V.Y. RoganovSummaryDispersion equation is derived for the Floquet waves in a horizontal periodically layered fluid-solid medium. It is shown that the dispersion equation consists of four factors. This representation explains the splitting of parameters (frequency, horizontal slowness) in passing and stop bands. The Floquet waves with horizontal group velocity can be computed individually from each of these factors. The equations for the ratios of the components of polarization vectors and the amplitudes of partial waves are derived. Proposed theory is illustrated in one numerical example.
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Asymptotic methods in evaluation of the long-wavelength response induced by a buried source in a fluid-filled borehole
By A.M. IonovSummaryThe long-wavelength response of a fluid-filled borehole embedded in an elastic half-space under the action of a buried dilatational source is studied. The total wavefield consists of P, PP and SV body waves, the Rayleigh wave and the low-frequency Stoneley (tube) wave. In its turn, the tube wave consists of the partial responses generated by the incident P wave and the reflected PP and PS body waves at the borehole mouth and by the Rayleigh wave as well as the Stoneley wave eigenmode. The conditions of appearance of the Mach wave in a slow formation are formulated. It is shown that the amplitude of the Mach wave, if any, strongly depends on a certain combination of elastic parameters and the burial depth of the source. The dependence of asymptotic amplitudes and waveforms of the seismic phases arising in the fluid-filled borehole on acoustic and geometric parameters of the problem (including the burial depth) is analyzed. Pressure synthetics obtained with the asymptotic formulas are shown to be in good agreem.
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Formal connection of scalar impedances and components of tensor Z
More LessSummaryWork is devoted to the research some of properties of scalar parameters of impedance type, in particular to definition of the form of dependence these parameters from polarization of a tangential magnetic field and also to consideration of interrelation of these parameters with classical for magnetotelluric methods tensor an impedance.
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