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16th International Conference on Geoinformatics - Theoretical and Applied Aspects
- Conference date: May 15-17, 2017
- Location: Kiev, Ukraine
- Published: 15 May 2017
61 - 80 of 114 results
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Tectonic and seismological settings of subduction
More LessSummaryA lot of achievements of self-organization theory in geophysics are based on the existence of basic structured media models. The structure plays a key role in Earth’s crust dynamic that is important for tectonic stress origin and localization as well as for next stress-relieved processes. We have developed a new fully dynamic theory of continental rifting based on a model of the lithosphere, incorporating both dynamic and thermal processes, by solving a coupled system of differential equations governing stress and temperature in a 2D block-structured geophysical medium.
Now we will apply our theory for investigations of compression processes in lithosphere such as subduction and seismic related events. Seismic waves accompanying the subduction process are predicted as catastrophic released energy from prestressed mega block in such structured medium. They will be investigated in future on a seismic time scale taking into account the peculiarities of lithospheric internal structure, dynamical processes occurring on the level of structural elements and the exchange of energy between different degrees of freedom.
A new model of earthquake source is proposed.
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Velocities of elastic waves modeling for complex reservoir rocks
Authors V. Khalimendik and I. VirshyloSummaryThe paper presents the results of the study of complex oil and gas reservoir rocks models, which have same volume of the hollow space and different acoustic properties which considerably depending on the ratio of different types of voids. Also presents the algorithm description of the author’s program, implemented in the programming language C++, using for generation of the studied data.
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Statistical model based on complex geophysics monitoring of seismotectonic processes
Authors D.V. Malytskyy, M.R. Makhnitskyi, O.A. Astashkina, M.M. Hkomjak and Y.P. KovalSummaryIn the paper presents statistic model of temporal variations of energy of local earthquakes and changes of deformation. This model is built based on data of complex geophysical studies on the regime stations of the Transcarpathian polygon. Considering correlation analysis within 5% and is not zero, it was concluded about reliability of developed model and recommend this approach for seismic safety.
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Kinetic modeling of the hematite to magnetite reduction with starch
By V.P. PonomarSummaryThe kinetic parameters (the activation energy and the reaction rate constants) for the process of hematite to magnetite transformation with starch have been determined. Based on the saturation magnetization of transformed samples, the conversion fraction of each sample was estimated. The conversion fraction increased up to 0.5 at 600 °C with rising time. In addition, two stages of the reaction were clearly distinguished. The first stage (acceleration process) involves the rapid nucleation and growth of magnetite on hematite particles. The second (deceleration process) is attributed to the reaction interface progress towards the center of the hematite grain. Kinetic analysis showed that the first stage is best-described by Avrami-Erofeev Reaction Model which involves the restrictions on nuclei growth. The second stage corresponds to the Jander Reaction Model in which hte diffusion is the restriction factor. The reaction rate constants of hematite to magnetite transformation increased 30 times for the first stage of the reaction and only 4 times for the second stage with increasing temperature. The activation energy of acceleration process was 84 kJ/mol; the activation energy of deceleration process was 33 kJ/mol. The results of this work are important for the development of beneficiation technologies of iron ore by magnetizing roasting.
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Stress field in the Transcarpathians from focal mechanisms
Authors D.V. Malytskyy, A.V. Murovska, O.O. Obidina, O.B. Gintov, A.R. Gnyp and A.V. PugachSummaryIn the paper, a method is presented for evaluation of the stress field in the Transcarpathians based on mechanisms of 20 earthquakes that had occurred here during a period from 1.06.2012 to 06.08.2015. Focal mechanisms of earthquakes were defined by graphic method. Further, to calculate the stress field the earthquake mechanisms were clustered using a method of P-T axes and program WIN-TENSOR. The most typical mechanisms were thrusting and normal faulting. The results presented indicate the compression mode prevalence in the studied area.
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Induced seismicity from quarry blasts according to the records from KIEV-IRIS station
Authors A.S. Kulynych, V.A. Ilyenko and A.M. KushnirSummaryInduced seismicity on the north of Ukrainian right bank, Zhytomyr region, resulted from the large number of quarry openings and direct blasting operations conducted on them. The study of natural seismicity gets more complicated due to these activities. Moreover, with a relatively low level of local earthquakes there are many seismic events with the same intensity, which are generated by different types of explosions.
The analysis of seismic records, collected from the large number of blasting operations in the massive quarries, has shown that a maximum of spectrum amplitudes in a spectra of explosion records are observed on the frequencies less than 1 Hz.
According to the results of processing, the observable blasts in Zhytomyr region and adjacent areas can be classified as 4–6 energy classes.
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An approach for 3D visualization of GPR data
More LessSummaryGround Penetrating Radar (GPR) is used to acquire data from near-surface depth for archeological, infrastructural, etc. researches and applications. Acquired GPR data allow users to visualize and interpret the underground structures with high accuracy. Usage of the suitable approach for 3D visualization will increase the accuracy of visualization and interpretation of underground structures. In order to contribute to this problem, following approach is proposed. Firstly, the incomplete or missing data are recovered using interpolation techniques. Secondly, the GPR data corresponding to the underground structures or anomalies are extracted and placed in a 3D cube. Finally, the extracted GPR data are visualized in 3D environment. By inspecting the 3D model of underground structures from different angles users can interpret anomalies with high accuracy. The proposed approach was implemented on the real GPR data acquired from the test area. The results showed that created 3D models of the underground structures are very close to real model.
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Interpolation Techniques to Recover Incomplete GPR Data
More LessSummaryGround Penetrating Radar (GPR) is widely used to acquire the data from near surface depth. Acquired GPR data allow the users to investigate the underground structures (anomalies) easily, quickly and with high accuracy without any excavation. The obtained accuracy depends on the completeness of acquired GPR data. Due to some facts such as uneven surface, the presence of archaeological and other obstacles, etc., the data acquired from the search area may become incomplete and inadequate. Before analyzing, visualization and interpretation of the underground structures, the incomplete GPR data should be recovered. In this paper, two nonstandard interpolation techniques are proposed for completing the missing data. The proposed methods were implemented on the real GPR data acquired from the test area. The obtained results showed that the similarity of the produced data to the original data is close to 99.98 %.
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The inverse linear problem for large scale magnetic survey
Authors P.A. Minenko, R.V. Minenko, I.V. Plishko and U.P. MechnikovSummaryA large-scale magnetic survey in 20×10 m grid nodes was carried out in a number of small iron ore deposits near the city of Krivoi Rog in the 1980s. The ore mining in the southern part of the Petrovsky deposit was started in 1973, and today it producted at depths of 100–110 m. Today detailed geological exploration work is carried out by drilling wells up to 300 m deep on several profiles. The ore deposit is very heterogeneous in iron content and is permeated with vein intrusions of granites. It was necessary to determine the most promising direction of further extraction. There was a need for a new interpretation of the magnetic survey data by more progressive methods with the separation of the ore body on horizontal layers 40–60 m thick. And the layers themselves must be divided into 25×25 m blocks. Today, it is possible to obtain stable solutions of inverse problems with the same parameters and the same dimension. But there are some difficulties. As is known, inverse problems of magnetometry are strongly uncorrect, in particular, because in many cases they give equivalent solutions and do not provide real information about geological structures. And on the other hand, on theoretical and real examples it is established that iterative methods in solutions of inverse problems for each block of the model give stable and geologically meaningful parameters. An iterative optimization method with a criterion for minimizing the sum of the squares of the corrections to the magnetization will give its most accurate distribution when the mean square error of the field will the smallest. This statement is used to detail the results of large-scale magnetic surveys.
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Interpolation of Berezkin functions to obtain the specific points for the gravity anomalies
More LessSummaryPurpose. Among the methods of interpretation of gravity data for 2D bounded and unbounded bodies there are Berezkin method for finding of singular points of harmonic functions, which represent gravity field models. To calculate the singular points there are developed a number of analytical and numerical methods. In the basis of such definition there is laid an analytic continuation of given harmonic function in a semi-infinite strip. In turn, one of the methods of this continuation there is the sum of basic solutions of Laplace equation by the some additional restrictions. This method reduces the problem of analytic continuation of gravity field function in the strip to the problem for determining the coefficients of expansion of the Fourier function. The report justifies a new way of determining the mentioned Fourier coefficients.
Design / methodology / approach. In order to find a singular points by a given gravity field distribution, one have to calculate a special Berezkin function as the ratio of gradients field and to find its maximums. This is not always the true case because the numerator and denominator of the function increase within the infinity at different speeds. This is proven by the results of numerical modeling for single gravity anomalies
Findings. The proof of Berezkin method is very complicated in the general formulation (with no restrictions on the parameters of singular points). So it is numerically simulated some cases for multiple locations of singular point sources caused by horizontal material lines (i.e. endless circular cylinders). They are located at different levels from the Earth’s surface, with varying intensity of gravity fields. For these models there are calculated the maximums of Berezkin function.
Practical value / implications. On the accuracy of Berezkin function calculations there depend on the order of decreasing rate of the Fourier series coefficients. So, there is derived a new interpolating polynomial and an order of values of its coefficients is estimated. It is specified, that the coefficients an decrease with the velocity of n-2, while the coefficients bn of the series do this with the velocity of n-1, if the Berezkin function does not satisfy the additional conditions.
We found the best way to interpolate the grid function under the additional condition of vanishing Berezkin function at the ends of the calculations interval. By the results of a detailed harmonic analysis of interpolation polynomials there are obtained the expressions for analytical continuation of gravity field. Berezkin functions were received by these expressions differentiation. Herewith it is a loss of computing accuracy due to Gibbs fluctuations at the ends of the interval of differential polynomial.
In order to partially reduce the impact of these fluctuations, the procedure applied for smoothing Berezkin function using the Lanczos σ-factors. Taking into account the given procedure, it is proposed the optimized expressions for calculating of the compounds of the Berezkin function – the modulus of the gravity gradient and the norm of this gradient at a fixed level.
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Tectonic stresses in the area of Solotvyno deep, Eastern Carpathians, from focal mechanisms of local earthquakes
Authors D.V. Malytskyy, O.O. Obidina, A.R. Gnyp, A.Y. Pavlova and O.D. GrytsaiSummaryIn the paper, the results are presented of determining the tectonic stresses in the area of Solotvyno deep, located in the Eastern Carpathians, from focal mechanisms of local earthquakes using a method of Vavrychuk (version of Michael’s method). From 79 recurrent earthquakes which occurred near the city of Tyachiv during a period from 19.07.2015 to 06.08.2015 and listed in the local seismological bulletin only the largest 30 (with MSH between 1.0 and 3.5) were selected, with most reliable polarities of first arrivals. Focal mechanism solutions were determined by graphic method from polarities of first P-waves at the stations, angles of emergence and station azimuths. An important result consisted in the same type of almost all mechanisms (normal faulting). Since principal stresses determined from focal mechanisms could only be accurate when which of the nodal planes corresponded to real fault was known a method of Vavrychuk was used in the work, removing the ambiguity by introducing a fault instability constraint. Directions of principal stresses determined from focal mechanisms appeared to concur well with data of other authors obtained based on alternative (tectonophysical) approaches.
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Taking into account the directional diagrams of seismic radiation from the earthquake source during seismic microzoning of construction sites
Authors O.V. Aleksieienko and O.V. KendzeraSummaryThe paper presents the technique of using seismic directional diagrams in the calculation of seismic hazard for construction sites. The study made using as an example the impact of the Vrancea zone to construction sites in Kiev. Also it talks about the theoretical possible mechanisms of earthquakes, including the earthquake mechanisms that prevail in the Vrancea area. Analises the influence of the main characteristics of the mechanisms of earthquake foci in the Vrancea area and effects that may occur in Kyiv. Discusses aspects that are unaccounted in modern building codes of Ukraine, about the influence of directional diagrams of seismic energy from the earthquake foci on site. There is an equation which can be used to make calculations of directional seismic diagrams. Points the necessity of performing such calculations to improve the accuracy of the results of the seismic zoning thanks to what appears an opportunity to improve the ratio “price – quality” for earthquake-proof constructing.
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Influence of the reservoir pressure on the void space structure of Semyrenkivska area reservoir rocks
Authors A. Shynkarenko, I. Bezrodna and S. VyzhvaSummaryResults of petrophysical studies of core samples from Semyrenkivska area wells are presented. Variable pressure influence on the pores volume and distribution in the reservoir rocks was determined both qualitatively and quantitatively. Amounts of total, intergranular, fracture, vugular and secondary porosity were estimated. Linear relationship between the pores volume under reservoir and atmospheric conditions was established. Dependence of different porosity types on pressure was approximated by the power functions. Presented relationships can be used for the productive horizons of Semyrenkivska area or adjoining territories with similar petrophysical and other properties. These relationships with determined validity coefficient can be used to determine changes of the reservoir properties of rocks during the field exploitation on the basis of core laboratory studies.
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Concentration of contrast borders of different-scale satellite images and their interconnection with geological objects
Authors B.S. Busygin, S.L. Nikulin and O.V. KorobkoSummaryThe closeness of interconnection between concentration of contrast boundaries of different-scale satellite images and spatial distribution of geological objects (including epicenters of earthquakes and centers of gold ore deposits) is quantitatively assessed. It is shown that there is a certain scale at which the tightness of interconnections is maximal. Identification of such a scale is an important part of satellite images contrast boundaries analysis.
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Evaluation of yield forecast indicators of agricultural crops using aerospace imagery
Authors B.S. Busygin, I.M. Garkusha and K.L. SergieievaSummaryA methodology for construction models of crop yield evaluation using a set of different-time aerospace survey data is proposed. Forecasting is carried out on the basis of constructing linear and nonlinear pair and multiple regression dependences of the yield indicators on spectral characteristics of vegetation and soil – vegetation indices. A peculiarity of the methodology is creation of predictive models for homogeneous subsamples of reference agricultural lands, preliminary formed using Data Mining methods. The use of homogeneous subsamples improves forecast accuracy on average by 5–11 %. Information models are constructed based on the proposed methodology. They made it possible to predict the yield of agricultural lands in the Myronivsky district of the Kyiv region (Ukraine) with accuracy up to 4 % according to 2013 data.
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Disjunctive criteria for the distinguishing the prospective hydrocarbon-bearing areas using remote sensing methods
By O.T. AzimovSummaryThe report highlights the problems of the identification of anomalies with the disjunctive dislocations and related zones of crustal heterogeneities into the outer components of the existing landscape (geoindicators) revealed by means of remote sensing data (RSD).
On the theoretical and literature sources grounds as well as using the example of the Central Transverse Segment of the Dnieper-Donets Depression (DDD) it has been shown that the disjunctive criteria played the key role in the following processes: sedimentation, folding, geo-fluid dynamics, formation of the reservoirs in the rocks (sometimes in basement rocks). The geotectonic development characteristics for the disjunctive dislocation over the stages of geological time, which are characterized by the most intensive sedimentation, are apparently responsible for the consistent patterns of spatial distribution of facies of proper deposits within their levels of terrace steps, as well as the occurrence of local structures and, thus, they are substantially stipulated the laws in the localization of prospecting oil-gas accumulation zones.
The results of study suggest that the great oil and gas prospecting interest is connected with the places of intersections (nodes) of the zone of multi-directional disjunctive dislocations mainly lateral and transverse ones relative to the spreading of region. The node localities of the multidirectional disjunctions can be considered as the prospecting hydrocarbon traps favorable for the oil exploration as a result of intensive development of geo-fluid dynamic processes in the crust, especially, at the newest stage of tectonic genesis taking account of their geo-indication manifestation. It is they, which are attracted for both the known oil and gas fields in the DDD and prospecting local structures distinguishing by geological-geophysical studies and which are potentially productive according to the thematic interpretation of RSD.
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Use of the satellite images to develop the geoinformation system for monitoring air basin state of the Mariupol industrial hub
Authors A. Ya. Bunina, O.T. Azimov and Ye. M. DorofeySummarySpatial distribution for smokes from the chimneys of the largest industrial enterprises of Mariupol is analyzed for 2005–2016. As a result the regions of continuous and periodical pollution of atmospheric air by industrial facilities are defined and mapped. These regions cover the areas both sited adjacent to the industrial enterprises and settlement zones, where the urban population lives.
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Application of geoinformation approach to the study of secondary migration of the pollutants from the industrial pollution sources
Authors A. Ya. Bunina, O.T. Azimov and Ye.M. DorofeySummaryTo investigate the motion of matter in the natural surroundings the geomorphological analysis of landscape of the Mariupol urban area and the adjacent ones are performed. On a basis of topographical data and digital elevation model developed using the remote sensing of the Earth the landscape-geomorphological zoning relative to the migration of chemical elements has been performed. The main localities of the matter accumulation within the city are the river valleys of Kal’mius and Kal’chyk.
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The remote diagnosis of organic carbon content in Polissya transitional zone soils of Ukraine by using the multispectral images Sentinel-2
Authors V.I. Zatserkovnyi, P.I. Trofymenko, O.V. Zubova, N.V. Trofimenko and I.V. KarasSummaryPurpose. The purpose is the algorithm development of remote sensing methods applying and establishing the organic carbon content in semi-hydromorphic soils of the Polesye transitional zone. It has provided by the relationship determination between the energy parameters of multispectral images and it’s content in the investigated soils.
Method. Experimental studies have been conducted with the use of soils field and laboratory tests with their content of organic carbon (C) determination, followed by the statistical processing of the results of their geoinformation analysis and presentation in the map-charts.
Findings. The functional correlation between the organic matter content in response to the reflectance of multispectral pictures p and vegetation indices was provided. In spotted soil environment of the investigated territory the map-chart of organic carbon content has developed for the Polissya transition zone soils of Ukraine.
It has established that the correlation coefficients between the content of organic matter carbon of above-mentioned semi-hydromorphic podzolic soils and vegetation index NDVI, SAVI, MSAVI are high and are respectively r = 0,87.
Practical value. The practical importance is to design of remote sensing technology for the soils organic matter content, by using publicly available satellite imagery and the free distribution software (QGIS). The applying of the identified sensing technology will significantly reduce the cost of human and material resources for remote identification of organic matter contents in the soils.
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Approaches to increase spatial resolution of remote sensing materials
Authors E. Uglitskih and V. ZacerkovniySummaryOne of the main unsolved problems in the use of aerospace images is the problem of developing new, more effective methods and software tools for automated interpretation of this data. With the modern processing of space images, there can be often a problem of interpreting small objects in the desired territory or increasing the accuracy of research. However, not all images have a good spatial resolution or are difficult to access. This problem can solved by methods for improving the spatial resolution of space images by using subpixel technology.
The purpose of the scientific article is the development and analysis of existing methods to increase the spatial resolution of space images, as well as the selection of the most appropriate and accurate for use in modern research.
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